T1u(×)hg Jahn-Teller系统:D 3d势阱中的频率分解与能级分裂

在C60分子中,未被填充的最低电子态具有Tlu对称性,因此,对中性的C60而言,不论是通过分子内部激发,或是外部掺杂,都易被一个电子占据而形成Jahn-Teller(JT)活跃电子态.此态与五重简并的hg声子态耦合,构成所谓的Ylu hg JT系统.在这一JT系统中,当只考虑电声的线性耦合时,其绝热势能面是一个槽形.但在实际的系统中,二阶电声耦合是存在的,理论研究表明,原来的势槽将被这二阶非线性耦合弯曲成D3d或D5d对称性的势阱.声子振动态在阱中将显示各向异性效应,使得声子沿不同的方向有不同的振动频率,进而影响势阱中的能级分布、势阱间的重叠积分,以及整个系统的隧道能级分裂等.对D3d势阱中各向异性效应进行了研究,利用幺正平移、OpikPryce和标度变换等方法计算了系统势阱中的能级,以及阱中的振动频率,研究了势阱中的能级间隔以及微绕修正能量的变化,并由此导出了这些物理量在仅有线性耦合的势槽中变化的情形.     

T_(1u)h_gJahn-Teller系统:D_(3d)势阱中的频率分解与能级分裂

在C6 0 分子中 ,未被填充的最低电子态具有T1u对称性 ,因此 ,对中性的C6 0 而言 ,不论是通过分子内部激发 ,或是外部掺杂 ,都易被一个电子占据而形成Jahn Teller(JT)活跃电子态 .此态与五重简并的hg 声子态耦合 ,构成所谓的T1u hgJT系统 .在这一JT系统中 ,当只考虑电声的线性耦合时 ,其绝热势能面是一个槽形 .但在实际的系统中 ,二阶电声耦合是存在的 ,理论研究表明 ,原来的势槽将被这二阶非线性耦合弯曲成D3d或D5d 对称性的势阱 .声子振动态在阱中将显示各向异性效应 ,使得声子沿不同的方向有不同的振动频率 ,进而影响势阱中的能级分布、势阱间的重叠积分 ,以及整个系统的隧道能级分裂等 .对D3d势阱中各向异性效应进行了研究 ,利用幺正平移、 pik Pryce和标度变换等方法计算了系统势阱中的能级 ,以及阱中的振动频率 ,研究了势阱中的能级间隔以及微绕修正能量的变化 ,并由此导出了这些物理量在仅有线性耦合的势槽中变化的情形 .     

T1uhg杨-泰乐系统：D5d势阱中的各向异性现象

杨-泰乐(Jahn-Teller缩写为JT)系统在其最低的绝热势能面上常常典型地含有一系列相互等同的势阱.在C60分子中，若一个电子占据该分子的三重简并的能量最低电子态，这一具有T1u对称性的电子态将会与具有hg对称性的五重简并振动态发生相互作用，形成所谓的T1uhg JT系统.当考虑电声的非线性相互作用时，该系统的势能面上将出现D5d对称性的势阱并伴随D3d对称性的势垒；反之亦然.本文在幺正平移变换的基础上，引入了标度变换，研究了该JT系统中D5d势阱中的各向异性现象：在电子空间中，非线性项的引入使得 关键词： C60 杨-泰乐效应 各向异性 电声耦合 标度变换     

具有D4h对称性构型的C42+分子的Jahn-Teller效应与能级分裂

依据量子理论与配位场理论,利用群论和对称性分析的方法探讨了C42+分子在具有D4h对称性构型时,E(b1g+b2g)系统的Jahn-Teller效应中的相关问题.研究了C42+分子的电子态与声子态的对称性及其活跃声子态,讨论了系统声子间的耦合与CG系数,构建了E(b1g+b2g)系统的电声耦合哈密顿量,利用幺正平移变换将系统变换到了无声子激发的空间中,由此计算出了系统无声子激发的基态与激发态及其能级,结果表明由于系统的电声耦合作用缘故,在系统的势能面上形成了四个对称性势阱.无论系统处在哪一个势阱中,在Jahn-Teller畸变之后,系统的二重简并的能级都将发生分裂,分裂后系统电子态的简并性完全被消除.文中利用群论又进一步探讨了系统的Jahn-Teller畸变方向及其基态对称性,发现系统将沿着D4h→D2h方向发生畸变.畸变后C24+分子的基态具有D2h群下的B1u对称性.     

T_(1u)h_g杨-泰乐系统:D_(5d)势阱中的各向异性现象

杨 泰乐 (Jahn Teller缩写为JT)系统在其最低的绝热势能面上常常典型地含有一系列相互等同的势阱 .在C6 0 分子中 ,若一个电子占据该分子的三重简并的能量最低电子态 ,这一具有T1u 对称性的电子态将会与具有hg 对称性的五重简并振动态发生相互作用 ,形成所谓的T1u hgJT系统 .当考虑电声的非线性相互作用时 ,该系统的势能面上将出现D5d对称性的势阱并伴随D3d对称性的势垒 ;反之亦然 .本文在幺正平移变换的基础上 ,引入了标度变换 ,研究了该JT系统中D5d势阱中的各向异性现象 :在电子空间中 ,非线性项的引入使得阱中的能级分裂 ,通过计算 ,得到了阱中各能级的对称性及其相应的能量表达式 ;在电声耦合强度有限的情况下 ,利用幺正平移和标度变换 ,对阱中的能级分裂、声子的重叠积分以及能级的反演分裂都进行了计算 .其结果不仅展示了各向异性效应对系统中以上各物理量的影响 ,且对C6 0 分子的阴离子态C-6 0 及其相关物质的进一步研究都有着重要的意义     

C42+分子的T(○)e系统的Jahn-Teller效应与各向异性现象

依据Jahn-Teller效应理论与量子理论,利用群论和对称性分析的方法探讨了具有Td对称性构型的C42+分子的T(○)e系统的Jahn-Teller效应与各向异性问题.构建了T(○)e系统的电声耦合哈密顿量,借助么正平移变换求出了系统的基态与激发态及其能量.结果发现,由于电声耦合作用的缘故,系统发生了Jahn-Teller畸变,畸变导致在系统的势能面上形成了3个具有D2d对称性的势阱.无论系统处在哪一个势阱中,系统原初三重简并的能级都将分裂为两条能级.畸变还导致C42+分子从Td对称性降低到D2d对称性,同时C42+分子的振动频率发生分解,而频率的分解致使C42+分子的各向同性遭到破坏而呈现出各向异性.     

C42+分子的T  e系统的Jahn-Teller效应与各向异性现象

依据Jahn-Teller效应理论与量子理论,利用群论和对称性分析的方法探讨了具有Td对称性构型的C42+分子的T  e 系统的Jahn-Teller效应与各向异性问题。构建了T  e系统的电声耦合哈密顿量,借助么正平移变换求出了系统的基态与激发态及其能量。结果发现,由于电声耦合作用的缘故,系统发生了Jahn-Teller畸变,畸变导致在系统的势能面上形成了3个具有D2d对称性的势阱。无论系统处在哪一个势阱中,系统原初三重简并的能级都将分裂为两条能级。畸变还导致C42+分子从Td对称性降低到D2d对称性,同时C42+分子的振动频率发生分解,而频率的分解致使C42+分子的各向同性遭到破坏而呈现出各向异性。     

C42+分子的T  e系统的Jahn-Teller效应与各向异性现象

依据Jahn-Teller效应理论与量子理论,利用群论和对称性分析的方法探讨了具有Td对称性构型的C42+分子的T  e 系统的Jahn-Teller效应与各向异性问题。构建了T  e系统的电声耦合哈密顿量,借助么正平移变换求出了系统的基态与激发态及其能量。结果发现,由于电声耦合作用的缘故,系统发生了Jahn-Teller畸变,畸变导致在系统的势能面上形成了3个具有D2d对称性的势阱。无论系统处在哪一个势阱中,系统原初三重简并的能级都将分裂为两条能级。畸变还导致C42+分子从Td对称性降低到D2d对称性,同时C42+分子的振动频率发生分解,而频率的分解致使C42+分子的各向同性遭到破坏而呈现出各向异性。     

T_(1u)h_gJahn-Teller系统中的频率约化矩阵

在研究C60 的电声相互作用中 ,最重要的应是T1u电子态与hg 振动模式的偶合 ,俗称作T1u hgJahn Teller(JT)系统 .线性的T1u hgJT系统的势能面上只有势槽的存在 ,而当非线性耦合项加入后 ,势能面将被扭曲成具有D3d或D5d对称性的势阱 .在振动频率的各向同性假设下 ,势阱中hg 的五个振动分量相等 .但实际上并非如此 .hg 振动模式在电声偶合下将按阱中的对称性分裂成不同频率的振动模式 .而这些振动模式又可通过约化矩阵写成五个本征振动频率的叠加 .通过群论及 pik Pryce方法找出了分裂hg 振动模式的全部约化矩阵 .它们对C-60 离子的各向异性研究有着特别的应用价值 .     

T1uhg Jahn-Teller系统中的频率约化矩阵

在研究C₆₀的电声相互作用中,最重要的应是T_1u电子态与h_{g< /sub>振动模式的偶合,俗称作T1uhg Jahn-Teller(JT)系统.线 性的T1uhg JT系统的势能面上只有势槽的存在,而当非线性耦合 项加入后,势能面将被扭曲成具有Ｄ3d或Ｄ5d对称性的势阱.在振 动频率的各向同性假设下,势阱中h 关键词： 60分子')" href="#">Ｃ60分子 “杨-太勒”系统 ?pik-Pryce方法}     

Vibronic coupling effects in the C60 molecule

Many recent experiments have established that the Jahn-Teller (JT) effect plays a very important role in determining the properties of the C₆₀ molecule. A review of the underlying theory developed by the Nottingham group is presented for cases in which distinct minima in the potential energy surface occur. This relates directly to the C₆₀ molecule through the consideration of the T ⊗ h and H ⊗ h JT systems. When only linear coupling terms exist in the T ⊗ h system, the minima form a continuous trough of SO(3) symmetry and new methods must be used. Some details of these results are presented.     

Chiroptical spectra of molecules with nearly degenerate electronic states

The influence of vibronic interactions on the chiroptical spectra associated with pairs of nearly degenerate electronic transitions in chiral systems is examined on a formal theoretical model. We consider the special case in which two nearly degenerate electronic states are coupled by a single non-totally symmetric vibrational mode. Formal expressions are developed for the rotatory strengths of individual vibronic transitions in this coupled system. Calculations based on these expressions are carried out for a large number of parameter sets appropriate for various energy spacings between the unperturbed electronic states, vibronic coupling strengths, oscillator (vibrational mode) frequencies, and electronic rotatory strengths. The calculated results demonstrate the profound influence of vibronic interactions on the sign patterns and intensity distributions within the rotatory strength spectrum associated with the two coupled electronic states. The implications of these results for interpretations of circular dichroism spectra are discussed.     

Studies of the doubly degenerate product Jahn-Teller system

The static product Jahn-Teller (JT) system with two doubly-degenerate electronic open shells coupling to a single e-mode is further studied in the electronic space using the isostationary function method and the energy minimization procedure. These effects are vividly described by the coupling of two electronic vectors that belong to two different E-spaces. The energy levels in the trough positions are also investigated and it is found that the two doubly degenerate electronic levels are generally lifted by the product JT coupling.      

Effects of vibrational intercentre interaction in a trigonal two-centre system with twofold electronic degeneracy at each centre

The effect of intercentre interaction (via vibrations and electron-electron coupling) on the magnetic and magnetic resonance characteristics of a pair of Jahn-Teller centres is investigated. In the limiting case of strong vibronic coupling when the splitting of degenerate electronic terms is sufficiently large the exchange Hamiltonian for the pair has the Heisenberg form. The energy spectrum of spin states of the pair system is obtained and the temperature dependence of the effective magnetic moment is investigated. It is shown that under some conditions this temperature dependence has an anomalous nonmonotonic character. The g factors of the two-centre Jahn-Teller system are obtained and the changes of the EPR spectrum with the exchange and vibrational coupling constants is analysed. With inclusion of only the exchange interaction, the pair spectrum possesses an additional isotropic resonance placed in the middle of the known broadened EPR spectrum of single centres with the Jahn-Teller effect for an orbital E term. The vibrational interaction between the centres results in a radical transformation of the spectrum, which in this case contains only an isotropic resonance line.     

Spectroscopic effects of conical intersections of molecular potential energy surfaces

A simple vibronic coupling model involving two electronic states and two vibrational modes is considered. The model is based on harmonic diabatic potentials and linear coupling of the diabatic electronic states. It is shown that the adiabatic electronic potential energy surfaces exhibit, in general, a conical intersection. The well known E × E and E × B Jahn-Teller problems are contained as special cases. Using numerical methods the optical absorption spectrum is calculated exactly. Extremely complex vibronic spectra are obtained when the conical intersection occurs within the Franck-Condon (FC) zone. The exact vibronic spectra are compared with spectra calculated in the adiabatic and FC approximation. The genuine spectroscopic effects of conical intersections are revealed by a comparison with the results of standard one-dimensional vibronic coupling calculations. The presence of a conical intersection limits the applicability of the adiabatic and FC approximations much more strongly than in the one-dimensional case. The upper adiabatic electronic state is strongly affected by non-adiabatic coupling even when the point of intersection lies outside the FC zone. The relevance of these results for the calculation of molecular electronic spectra is briefly discussed.     

A new approach to analyse H⊗(2h⊕g) Jahn-Teller system for C60

It is now well-known that electron (hole)-vibron coupling and hence Jahn-Teller (JT) effect is important understanding the properties of C₆₀ and related molecules. In this paper, we study H(2) coupling case to find the potential energy surfaces for the positively charged C₆₀ molecule due to distortion. The H(2) Jahn-Teller system is of particular importance as this will be the JT effect displayed by C₆₀ molecules removed with an electron. C₆₀ ⁺ is obtained by removing one electron from fivefold degenerate H_u highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and a hole in HOMO interacts with the vibrational modes of C₆₀ and symmetry is broken. We apply the method of symmetry breaking mechanism to obtain expressions for the potential energy surface. Received 27 December 1999 and Received in final form 15 May 2000     

在群论框架下电子三重态与声子耦合的理论研究

本文基于绝热近似和群论导出了电声耦合系统的哈密顿量的一般形式,讨论了电声耦合系统中的电子算符和活跃的声子模式. 应用幺正平移变换和能量最小化方法,进一步计算了正四面体群下T*(e+t₂)杨-泰勒系统中的激发态能量,从对称性的角度分析了T₁电子态的能级分裂以及晶格体系的对称性破缺,得出了对称性的破缺方式和电声耦合系统密切相关的结论. 结果表明:通过群论与对称性分析完全可以定性地解释由于电声耦合所造成的简并电子 关键词： 电声耦合 杨-泰勒畸变 活跃的杨-泰勒声子模式 电声耦合哈密顿量     

Experimental evidence of a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in C60(+)

Detailed analysis of the highest occupied molecular orbital band shape in the photoelectron spectrum of gaseous C60 reveals a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in the ground state of C60(+). The direct observation of three tunneling states asserts a D(3d) geometry for the isolated cation, originating from a strong vibronic coupling. These results show that the ionic motion plays an important role in the electron-phonon interaction.