用作电致变色哗啦的LiNbO3离子导体薄膜的研究

采用射频射溅射方法制备用电致变色器件的ＬｉＮｂＯ３薄膜，利用频率外推法和Ｗａｎｇｎｅｒ极化法对所沉积的ＬｉＮｂＯ３离子导体薄膜的离子电导率进行了测试和计算，给出了薄膜的光谱特性，分析和讨论了薄膜制备工艺对薄膜结构和离子电导率的影响和作用。     

Zn∶LiNbO_3晶体倍频性能的研究

在ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体中掺入ＺｎＯ，生长ＺｎＯ∶ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体，当ＺｎＯ的掺入浓度高于６ｍｏｌ％时，晶体的抗光损伤能力提高两个数量级，与高掺ＭｇＯ（＞４．６ｍｏｌ％）相似。Ｚｎ∶ＬｉＮｂＯ３的倍频转换效率可达５０％左右，高于Ｍｇ∶ＬｉＮｂＯ３。本文对Ｚｎ∶ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体中Ｚｎ２＋离子占位以及抗光损伤增强机理进行了初步探讨     

Zn：LiNbO3晶体倍频性能的研究

在ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体中掺入ＺｎＯ，生长ＺｎＯ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体，当ＺｎＯ的掺入浓度高于６ｍｏｌ％时，晶体的抗光损伤能力提高两个数量级，与高掺Ｍｇｏ相似。Ｚｎ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３的倍频转换效率可达５０％左右，高于Ｍｇ；ＬｉＮｂＯ３。本文对Ｚｎ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体中Ｚｎ＾２＋离子占痊以及抗光损伤增强机理进行了初步探讨。     

m线法研究掺杂LiNbO_3晶体波导基片的光损伤

采用ｍ线法研究了掺杂ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体波导基片的光损伤，发现抗光损伤能力依次为Ｍｇ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３、ＬｉＮｂＯ３、Ｆｅ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３（氧化），Ｆｅ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３（还原）。对于同样材料，质子交换光波导的抗光损伤能力高于钛扩散光波导。     

折射率周期变化的LiNbO3晶体的制备及其布喇格效应

提拉法生长掺有溶质的ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体时，有意识地引入周期性生长层，制备了折射率沿生长方向周期变化的ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体。测量和研究了晶体的双折射率和布喇格衍射。实验结果证实晶体中折射率变化周期与生长层周期相一致。     

He^＋离子注入LiNbO3晶体波导的制备及其性能研究

报道了液氮温度下Ｈｅ＾＋离子注入ＬｉＮｂＯ３波导的制备，采用棱镜耦合法测量了波导退火前后导模的有效折射率，计算了波导层折射率的分布和晶体中Ｈｅ＾＋离子的射程分布和损伤分布，两者吻合得较好。     

准相位匹配LiNbO3蓝光倍频器的研究

采用外加电场极化法,实现了ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体的周期性极经,并制备出周期为９．５μｍ的三阶准相位匹配周期性极化ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体（ＰＰＬＮ）;用准连续钛宝石激光器作基频光源,对准相位匹配周期性极化ＬｉＮｂＯ３进行了光学倍频实验,得到了１２μＷ的蓝光输出。     

Zn∶Fe∶LiNbO_3晶体四波混频效应的研究

报道了一种新掺杂铌酸锂晶体Ｚｎ∶Ｆｅ∶ＬｉＮｂＯ３，它具有优良的光折变四波混频性能，位相共轭反射率可达１００％。且与Ｆｅ∶ＬｉＮｂＯ３相比，抗光散射能力强，响应速度快。本文通过对高掺ＺｎＯ后晶体的抗光损伤能力和光电导值的测试分析，讨论了Ｚｎ∶Ｆｅ∶ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体抗光散射和响应速度提高的机理。     

LiNbO3晶体中Cr^3＋的占位及其EPR参量的研究

在中间场图像中，建立了ｄ＾３（Ｃ＾＊３Ｖ）电子组态的能量矩阵；利用叠加模型与自旋哈密顿理论，将ＬｉＮｂＯ３：Ｃｒ＾３＋的晶体结构与其ＥＰＲ参量定量地联系了起来，用该理论对ＬｉＮｂＯ３：Ｃｒ＾３＋晶体的ＥＰＲ参量及其光谱进行了计算，结果与观测基本一致。研究表明，在ＬｉＮｂＯ３中是Ｃｒ＾３＋取代了Ｎｂ＾５＋，而不是Ｌｉ＾＋。     

In:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的全息存储性能研究

在ＬｉＮｂＯ３中掺进Ｉｎ２Ｏ３和Ｆｅ２Ｏ３用恰克拉斯基法生长ｎ：Ｆｅ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体,测试表明,Ｉｎ：Ｆｅ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体抗光致散射能力高,响应速度快,存储保存时间长。研究了Ｉｎ：Ｆｅ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体全息存储性能的机理,测得的衍射效率最大值为７３％。     

Field enhanced Li ion conduction in nanoferroelectric modified polymer electrolyte systems

Nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) films based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexed with lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) and nanosized ferroelectric ceramic fillers such as BaTiO₃, SrTiO3 have been prepared using solution cast technique. The films showed very good mechanical stability when exposed to ambient atmospheres for prolonged periods. Lithium ion transport studies revealed that the conductivity is predominantly ionic. The effect of electric field on ionic conductivity of NCPE films was investigated. One order enhancement in conductivity due to the field was observed at 323 K. NCPE films exhibited conductivity of 3.46?×?10^?5 Scm^?1 at 323 K. NCPE films were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The DSC and XRD studies revealed reduced crystallinity which confirmed the higher amorphous phase and hence the improved ionic conductivity.     

Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based,sodium ion-conducting‚ solid polymer electrolyte films,dispersed with Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> filler,for applications in sodium ion cells

The studies on solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films with high ionic conductivity suitable for the realization of all solid-state Na-ion cells? form the focal theme of the work presented in this paper. The SPE films are obtained by the solution casting technique using the blend solution of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) and complexed with sodium nitrate. Structural and thermal studies of SPE films are done by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and TGA techniques. Surface morphology of the films is studied using the FESEM. The ionic conductivity of SPE films is determined from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. For the SPE film with 16 wt% of NaNO₃ used for reacting with the polymer blend of PEO with EC and PC, the ionic conductivity obtained is around 1.08 × 10^?5 S cm^?1. Addition of the Al₂O₃ as the filler material is found to enhance the ionic conductivity of the SPE films. The studies on the Al₂O₃ modified SPE film show an ionic conductivity of 1.86 × 10^–4 S cm^?1, which is one order higher than that of the SPE films without the filler content. For the SPE film dispersed with 8 wt% of Al₂O₃, the total ion transport number observed is around 0.9895, which is quite impressive from the perspective of the applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. From the cyclic voltammetry studies, a wide electrochemical stability window up to 4 V is observed, which further emphasizes the commendable electrochemical behavior of these SPE films.     

High temperature scanning tunneling microscopy of purely ion conducting yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on wide band gap insulators is generally not possible. Here we demonstrate that ionic insulators with high ion mobility, such as yttria stabilized zirconia, are an exception to this rule. The ion conductivity ensures that the sample maintains a defined potential relative to the STM tip and thus a stable tunnel junction. Consequently, ion conductors provide an opportunity for characterizing wide band gap insulators, and thin films and nanostructures supported on them by STM.     

Characteristics of novel plastic crystal gel polymer electrolytes based on PVdC-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-AN

A new gel polymer electrolytes composed of poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) (PVdC-co-AN) co-polymer and plastic crystal succinonitrile (SN) were prepared to form plastic crystal gel polymer electrolytes (PGPEs) with the variation of magnesium triflate (MgTf₂) salt from 5 to 30 wt.%. The room temperature and temperature dependence studies of the PGPE films were determined by using AC impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity versus reciprocal temperature plot has shown a nonlinear behavior. The ionic and cationic transport numbers were evaluated by DC polarization method and the combination of DC polarization and AC impedance methods, respectively to determine the charge carrier species in the PGPE films. To study the interactions among the constituents in the PGPEs as well as to confirm the complexation between them, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out. The analysis of FTIR spectra was further investigated by deconvolution of the FTIR spectra to prove the dependability of ionic conductivity and transport number with the presence of free ions, ion pairs, and ion aggregates in the PGPEs.     

Starch-based gel electrolyte thin films derived from native sago (Metroxylon sagu) starch

Starch-based gel electrolyte (SbGE) thin films were prepared by mixing native sago starch with different amounts of glycerol, and subsequently doped with various types of ionic salts. SbGE thin films showed substantially enhanced mechanical properties and ionic conductivity through incorporating optimal composition of native sago starch, glycerol, and ionic salts. A maximum room temperature ionic conductivity of the order of 10^?3 S cm^?1 was achieved for optimized SbGE thin film consisting of 80 wt% of native sago starch and 20 wt% of glycerol, and doped with 8 wt% of LiCl. SbGE thin films were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Due to their favorable mechanical properties, high ionic conductivity at room temperature, ease of preparation, environmentally benign, and cheap, SbGE thin films show high potential utility as gel electrolyte materials for the fabrication of solid-state electrochemical devices.     

Structural and electrical characterizations of 50:50 PVA:starch blend complexed with ammonium thiocyanate

The present work deals with the preparation and characterization of polymer blend electrolyte films. Glutaraldehyde is used as a cross-linker to cross-link polymers polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch for the proper film formation. Structural characterizations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been performed. X-ray diffraction is done to investigate the amorphous nature of the sample. FTIR study confirms about the complexation of salt with the polymer and interaction of thiocyanate ion with the polymer matrix. Electrical characterizations were done using impedance spectroscopy. DC and AC ionic conductivity was obtained at varying salt concentration in the films which shows maximum ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte containing 30 wt% of salt content. The AC conductivity behaviour of the polymer electrolyte follows Jonscher’s power law. Dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and loss tangent have been determined. Relaxation time is obtained and decreases to lower value with the increase in the salt concentration in the polymer electrolyte.     

Investigation of biosourced carboxymethyl cellulose-ionic liquid polymer electrolytes for potential application in electrochemical devices

Biosourced carboxymethyl cellulose polymer electrolytes have been studied for potential application in electrochemical devices. The carboxymethyl cellulose was obtained by reacting cellulose derived from kenaf fibre with monochloroacetic acid. Films of the biosourced polymer electrolytes were prepared by solution-casting technique using ammonium acetate salt and (1-butyl)trimethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid as charge carrier contributor and plasticizer, respectively. The shift of peak of carboxyl stretching in the Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the interactions between the host biosourced polymer with the ionic liquid. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the incorporation of ionic liquid changed the morphology of the electrolyte films. The room temperature conductivity determined using impedance spectroscopic technique for the film without ionic liquid was 6.31 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 while the highest conductivity of 2.18 × 10^?3 S cm^?1 was achieved by the film integrated with 20 wt% (1-butyl)trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide. This proved that the incorporation of ionic liquid into the salted system improved the conductivity. The improvement in conductivity was due to an increase in ion mobility. The results of linear sweep voltammetry showed that the electrolyte was electrochemically stable up to 3.07 V.     

Impedance and dielectric studies of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte systems using MMT and ferroelectric fillers

Impedance and dielectric properties of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte systems modified with nano size MMT and ferroelectric fillers have been investigated for varying lithium to oxygen ratios. The changes in the structural properties of the electrolyte samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) technique. The ion transport number estimated by DC polarization technique is found to be between 0.86 and 0.95. The bulk conductivities of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte films were studied using impedance spectroscopic technique. The impedance plot shows high frequency semicircle, due to the bulk effect of sample and maximum ionic conductivity of 2.15 × 10⁻⁴ Scm⁻¹ was observed for (PEO)₄LiCBSM at 323 K with lithium to oxygen ratio 1: 4. The complex impedance data was used to evaluate ionic conductivity and dielectric relaxation process, to understand the ion transport mechanism in these systems.

     

Sputter-deposited network glasses

Thin films of lithium borate, sodium borate, rubidium borate, and lithium silicate glasses are prepared by ion beam sputter deposition in a thickness range between 70 and 1,400 nm. The chemical, structural, and electrical properties of the films are determined by transmission electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. A comparison between the thin glass layers and the corresponding bulk glasses, prepared from the melt, shows that both have similar chemical compositions and atomic short range orders. In contrast, the ionic conductivities of the borate glass films are found to be significantly increased compared to the corresponding bulk materials, while the increase depends on the chemical composition of the glasses and is not observed in the case of the silicate system. We propose a modified network structure of the sputter-deposited glass layers, namely, an increased nonbridging oxygen concentration, to be responsible for the elevated ionic conductivity.     

Effect of PVAc dispersal into PVA-NH4SCN polymer electrolyte

The present paper deals with ion transport studies on a new proton conducting composite polymer electrolyte — (PVA_x:NH₄SCN)_y:PVAc system. Complexation and morphology of the composite electrolyte films are discussed on the basis of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry data. Coulometry and transient ionic current measurements revealed charge transport through protons. The maximum ion conductivity was found to be 7.4·10⁻⁴ S·cm⁻¹ for the composition: x=0.15, y=0.12. The observed conductivity behaviour is correlated to the morphology of the films. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity exhibits Arrhenius characteristics in two different temperature ranges separated by a plateau region related to morphological changes occurring in the electrolyte.