中科院高能所博士论文录(1992年)

 一 范晓龄:用高山乳胶室研究超高能核作用导师:何泽慧用大面积高山乳胶室观测宇宙线超高能核作用,是探索1014-1017eV能域核作用规律和寻找新现象的重要手段之一.本工作在参与中日合作西藏甘巴拉山乳胶室实验各年度X光片的包装、处理和乳胶室拆室、建室及维护工作的同时,对大族事例（∑E_r≥200TeV）及小族事例（20TeV≤∑E_r≤200TeV）进行了扫描与测量,获得大族事例10个,小族事例68个,其中K7492事例的能量高达∑E=3079.2TeV.     

产生多个大横动量成份的超高能核作用事例

对甘巴拉山乳胶室得到的一个ΣE_γ=1300TeV的γ线族进行了分析, 这个事例是发生在乳胶室上方的核作用, 产生高度低于150m. 事例的中心部分由5个集团组成. 对此事例的特性进行了讨论.     

超高能核作用中的环状事例与相变

对高山乳胶室环状事例的运动学特征进行了分析, 表明这种事例联系于超高能核作用中碎裂区一个窄的快度范围内的多粒子产生, 可能与核-核作用的相变有关. 采用一种相变模型对超高能核作用的大气级联进行模拟, 在高山乳胶室观测条件下, 得到了具有环状形态的事例.     

非对称形式的两核心事例

本文中介绍了在高山乳胶室中观测到的能量为∑E_r≈1000TeV的两核心事例,并对粒子在两核心中分布情况的不同,进行了讨论。 关键词：     

用大规模铁乳胶室研究超高能γ族事例

用大规模铁乳胶室观测到∑E_r=7631TeV的大γ族事例,介绍了铁乳胶室观测大族的优点和族的各项特征,并与模拟计算结果作了比较.     

铁乳胶室中的簇射转换曲线的特征与γ/强子分辨

利用加速器高能物理实验中通用的探测器模拟软件GEANT3对于铁乳胶室进行了室内模拟,研究了级联簇射转换曲线及半宽度的性质,讨论了利用半宽度分布将簇射起始深度Δt<6c.u.的簇射事例中的强子与γ线区分开来的可能性.给出了在铁乳胶室实验中行之有效的区分γ/强子的联合判选标准.     

用大规模铁乳胶室研究超高能γ族事例

用大规模铁乳胶室观测到ΣE_γ=7631TeV的大γ族事例,介绍了铁乳胶室观测大族的优点和族的各项特征,并与模拟计算结果作了比较.     

用铁乳胶室观测大气宇宙线中的高能强子

对中国-日本乳胶室合作组在甘巴拉山(海拔5500m,大气深度520g/cm²)照射的K4铁乳胶室的一部分进行了系统的扫描、测量与分析.给出了簇射事例的起始点分布,大气宇宙线高能强子的天顶角分布、垂向流强、积分能谱及其在大气和铁中的衰减长度.与其它实验组近期给出的实验数据进行了比较,几组结果大体一致.     

高能族事例中的能量集中现象

给出了甘巴拉山乳胶室观测的族事例中横向的能量分布,与MONTECARLO模拟计算作了比较.指出超高能族事例中存在着能量集中的特征.     

大天顶角超高能宇宙线μ子能谱

从甘巴拉山乳胶室中选取18个大天顶角(θ≥70°)事例, 对这些事例进行了初步分析. 从而给出μ子在产生能量大于3TeV时的电磁簇射流强与能谱.     

Measurement of αs with radiative hadronic events

Hadronic final states with a hard isolated photon are studied using data taken at centre-of-mass energies around the mass of the Z boson with the OPAL detector at LEP. The strong coupling α_s is extracted by comparing data and QCD predictions for event shape observables at average reduced centre-of-mass energies ranging from 24 GeV to 78 GeV, and the energy dependence of α_s is studied. Our results are consistent with the running of α_s as predicted by QCD and show that within the uncertainties of our analysis event shapes in hadronic Z decays with hard and isolated photon radiation can be described by QCD at reduced centre-of-mass energies. Combining all values from different event shape observables and energies gives α_s(M_Z)=0.1182±0.0015(stat.)±0.0101(syst.).     

Measurement of event shape variables in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA

Deep-inelastic ep scattering data taken with the H1 detector at HERA and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 106 pb^-1 are used to study the differential distributions of event shape variables. These include thrust, jet broadening, jet mass and the C-parameter. The four-momentum transfer Q is taken to be the relevant energy scale and ranges between 14 GeV and 200 GeV. The event shape distributions are compared with perturbative QCD predictions, which include resummed contributions and analytical power law corrections, the latter accounting for non-perturbative hadronisation effects. The data clearly exhibit the running of the strong coupling α_s(Q) and are consistent with a universal power correction parameter α₀ for all event shape variables. A combined QCD fit using all event shape variables yields α_s(m_Z)=0.1198±0.0013 ^+0.0056_-0.0043 and α₀=0.476±0.008 ^+0.018_-0.059.     

Molecular Axis Orientation in Charge Transfer Reactions Determined with a Reaction Microscope

基于在近代物理研究所建成的反应显微成像谱仪,实验研究了在分子离子与He原子碰撞中的电荷交换反应机制. 通过运动学完全测量实验充分展示了此碰撞体系的特征. 由于采用了符合测量技术和数据列表模式记录数据,因此实验记录了每个事件中因分子离子解离而产生的碎片的三维动量信息. 在离线数据分析和处理中,根据解离碎片的动量可以确定每个事件中的H₂⁺分子离子的分子轴取向. 在近轴反冲核近似下,可以认为实验测量得到的分子轴取向就是电荷交换碰撞时刻分子轴的取向. 实验中分子轴取向的     

NeXSPheRIO results on elliptic flow at RHIC and connection with thermalization

Elliptic flow at RHIC is computed event by event with NeXSPheRIO. Reasonable agreement with experimental results on v ₂(η) is obtained. Various effects are studied as well: reconstruction of impact parameter direction, freeze-out temperature, equation of state (with or without crossover), emission mechanism.     

Preliminary report on the large halo event TADJIKISTAN

Summary A large halo event, TADJIKISTAN, observed recently by the Pamir Collaboration, consists of a halo (diameter ∼2 cm) and of a large number (∼2000) of high-energy showers, distributed over an area ofR∼20 cm. The total observed energy in the halo is estimated to be 4.8·10⁴ TeV. The characteristics of the event are compared with those of ANDROMEDA, another large event observed by the Chacaltaya Collaboration. The observed attenuation mean free path of hadrons, Λ/λ_p = 1.41 _−0.32 ^+0.21 is compatible with that of pions, indicating that the hadrons in the event are not exotic on average. Paper presented at the Special Session on very high-energy cosmic-ray interactions (superfamilies) of the XXIV International Cosmic-Ray Conference, Rome, August 28–September 8, 1995.     

New Parameter in the Description of Solar Cosmic Ray Events—Energy of Balance between Solar and Galactic Protons

Solar proton events possess a wide variety of features that reflect the conditions of solar proton acceleration and propagation. Relevant investigations rely on statistical methods that make it possible to classify events with the aim of obtaining deeper insight into physical processes leading to the generation of solar cosmic rays. In classifying events in power, the intensity of particles with energy above 10MeV at the maximum of the event time profile or the fluence of particles throughout the event time is usually used. A new parameter, E_qm, that characterizes the proton event power and which is some kind of approximation of the maximum energy of accelerated particles is analyzed in the present study. Correlations of E_qm with properties of x-ray flares on the Sun and with the velocity of coronal mass ejections are examined.     

Reaction plane determination by means of the ALICE zero degree calorimeters

A possible way to estimate the reaction plane of the ion-ion collision is to measure the sideward deflection of the spectator neutrons. In the ALICE experiment this kind of measurement can be performed by means of the two neutron zero degree calorimeters (ZN), which are located at opposite sides with respect to the beam intersection point (IP). In fact the ZN calorimeters, thanks to their segmentation in four towers, are position sensitive devices. Concerning their localizing capability, a spatial resolution of ∼3 mm has been measured for a 100 GeV/c hadron beam. This performance will be used to reconstruct, event by event, the centroid coordinate of the spectator neutron spot on the ZN front-face, which is sensitive to the directed flow (“bounce off”) of spectator neutrons. The measurement of the centroid will therefore allow to reconstruct the 1st-order event plane azimuth. A simulation is performed in order to estimate the dependence of the event plane resolution on the magnitude of the directed flow v₁ of the spectator neutrons and on the neutron multiplicity (event centrality). In particular, it will be shown that the event plane resolution is not dominated by the smearing on the centroid measurement, but by the smearing due to the transverse lead beam divergence at the IP. Finally a possible tool to select events with small lead beam divergence at IP is discussed, using the information coming from both the ZN calorimeters.     

Single jet structure ine + e − annihilation

By using JETSET 7.2 ase ⁺ e ^? event generator at different c.m. energies, we studiedsingle jet multiplicity distributions in different rapidity andp _T intervals. Good NB behavior is found and related clan structure analysis is performed. Observed differences in the behavior of the 2-and 3-jet samples can be understood in terms of the relative contribution of single quark and gluon jet to the 3-jet sample, which are obtained by selecting event by event in this sample the highest and the lowest energy jet respectively.