仿生伪装与生物驻极体（续）

本文介绍了人类受到自然界的物质结构的启示,仿照生物的伪装方法、理念来改变人类的设计思路 以及直接利用生物材料或仿制出人工材料使之具有与生物材料有相同的功能.介绍了＂仿生伪装＂和生物驻极体（具有驻极态特性的生物材料）用于伪装材料方面的实践和发展.     

仿生伪装与生物驻极体

本文介绍了人类受到自然界的物质结构的启示,仿照生物的伪装方法、理念来改变人类的设计思路;以及直接利用生物材料或仿制出人工材料使之具有与生物材料有相同的功能．介绍了“仿生伪装”和生物驻极体（具有驻极态特性的生物材料）用于伪装材料方面的实践和发展．     

大体积生物材料低温保存方法的研究

生物材料的低温保存最为重要的是降温冷却过程。介绍"冻结线跟踪法"的降温冷却及控制方法,即生物材料在降温冷却的同时,逐步提高低温保护剂溶液的浓度,这可避免细胞内外冰晶的产生,从而减少对细胞的冷冻损伤,克服大体积生物材料低温保存的困难。最后,对生物材料低温保存的应用前景进行讨论。     

基于六硼化镧与壳聚糖的光热转换生物材料

为实现光合细菌(PSB)产氢过程的光分频利用,用六硼化镧(LaB_6)和壳聚糖制备了光热转换发光发热生物材料,研究了不同LaB_6纳米颗粒的生物材料在可见光下的吸光特性和光热转换特性。研究发现:该生物材料能较好地透过510~650 nm波长的光为PSB产氢供给光能,而其他波段的光用于激发LaB_6粒子产热为PSB提供热能。LaB_6纳米颗粒的吸光度及光热转换能力受颗粒尺寸影响显著,当生物材料中LaB_6颗粒平均水力直径为295 nm时,12 min内的温升速率为0.41℃/min,是载玻片的5.4倍。     

磁场对冷冻过程影响的研究进展

常规冷冻方式可以延长食物和生物材料的保存时间,但也存在汁液流失和细胞死亡等问题,这与冷冻过程中生物材料内部冰晶生成情况有关。为此,研究者提出了玻璃化保存法,并将各种外加场引入冷冻过程。已有研究表明,磁场辅助冷冻是一种有效的方法。在此,首先对常规冷冻方式与玻璃化保存法进行对比,然后重点介绍国内外磁场辅助冷冻的研究进展,进一步指出目前磁场辅助冷冻存在的问题及发展方向。     

复合材料的仿生研究

自然界生物材料经过亿元年的进化，造就了多种优异结构和综合性能以及结构与性能的匹配特征，我们从材料角度研究它们的规律，进行仿生设计，将会有助于解决复合材料中存在的问题。本文在分析天然生物材料复合特性及当前人工复合材料存在的问题基础上，系统 介绍了仿生设计进展情况和已取得的结果。     

生物材料低温保存设备的研究

介绍了生物材料低温保存设备的工作过程和装置结构,并对主要部件冷却室的结构和制作原理进行了分析,同时对控制系统及冷冻速率进行讨论。     

不同吸附材料在卷烟降焦减害中的应用

嘴棒吸附技术是卷烟降焦减害方法的一个重要研究及应用领域。本文重点对纳米材料、生物材料、分子筛等在卷烟降焦减害方面的研究及应用进展进行了综述。     

生物材料低温保存过程及最新进展

介绍了生物材料低温保存所需经历的三个阶段,即降温过程、储存过程、复温过程。低温保护剂介入低温保存的全过程,这有助于提高生物材料低温保存的存活率,所以选择合适的低温保护剂也很重要。最后还介绍了低温保存的最新进展。     

磁性纳米生物材料研究进展及其应用

具有磁导向性、小尺寸效应和活性基团的磁性纳米生物材料在靶向给药、固定化酶、细胞分离和免疫分析以及基因治疗等生物医学领域都有一定的研究.本文综述了磁性纳米生物材料的制备与检测,及其在生物医学中的应用.     

Electronic transitions in mobility gap in glassy semiconductors

Electronic transitions in mobility gap in glassy semiconductors are considered. Energies characteristics of the transitions, including de-trapping and luminescence energies, are in a simple way related to both the gap width and each other. Basic types of luminescence centres and some types of radiationless centres, including centres of photo-structural changes, are revealed. Correlations of the luminescence and its fatigue with some other photoinduced transitions are discussed. Some features of the luminescence are presented, including those associated with the inverse- Arrhenius law.     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Hetero-phase fluctuations in the pre-melting region in ionic crystals

The theory of the pre-melting phenomena in ionic crystals on the basis of the concept of the hetero phase fluctuation has been applied to KCl and AgCl crystal. The large scale molecular dynamics simulations (MD) in KCl and AgCl crystals are also performed to examine the ionic configuration in premelting region in the vicinity of their melting points. The size of the liquid like clusters are estimated by the theory and MD. The structural features of liquid like clusters are discussed by MD results using the Lindemann instability condition. The ionic conductivities in the pre-melting region are also discussed on the same theoretical basis.     

介质阻挡放电丝结构转变中的缺陷研究

在介质阻挡放电中,对放电丝结构从四边形向四边形格子态结构转变中的缺陷进行了研究.实验发现,在四边形向四边形格子态结构的转化中,存在两种缺陷:角缺陷及错位缺陷.为了研究缺陷的形成机理,实验测量了四边形格子态结构中不同放电丝的发光信号,结果发现八边形晶胞的中心放电丝发光强度强于边缘放电丝发光强度.通过引入准势场,研究了放电丝之间的相互作用及其对放电丝结构转变的影响,并由此分析了在转变过程中出现的缺陷,结果与实验符合得很好. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 角缺陷 错位缺陷 超四边格子态     

细胞内单颗粒示踪技术的进展

单颗粒示踪（Single particle tracking,SPT）技术是应用显微镜系统对细胞内单个特定荧光或散射颗粒的定位和追踪。由于SPT能够实时监控活细胞内复杂、高度动态的组织结构的变化并提供结构—功能间的动力学关系,因此在细胞生物学上有重要的应用。本文总结了SPT的机理以及在细胞上的应用,首先介绍了SPT的动力学原理,包括单颗粒定位,轨道重建以及轨道分析,然后总结了SPT技术现阶段重点发展的光学材料及仪器,最后阐述了SPT在细胞膜、细胞内信号通路、分子转运机制、遗传信息表达以及病毒感染机制的应用。此外,本文还对SPT技术未来的发展进行了展望。     

Relativistic effects on complexity indexes in atoms in position and momentum spaces

Three different statistical measures of complexity are explored for the atoms He to Ra. The measures are analysed in both position and momentum spaces. Relativistic effects on the complexity indexes are systematically studied. These effects are discussed in terms of the information content factor and the disorder terms of the complexity indexes. Relativistic and non-relativistic complexity indexes are calculated from Optimized Effective Potential densities.     

光学元件损伤在线检测中的图像处理

 利用在传统的边缘提取方法上加入灰度抑制，并在梯度计算中考虑每个像素与周围8个邻域的关系的图像处理方法，解决了在线检测中被检测元件以布儒斯特角放置、元件片数较多、CCD所采集的损伤图像噪声成分复杂等造成的像质较差的图像处理问题，并系统地进行了光学元件疵点分析和计算。分析计算结果表明:此图像处理方法得到的损伤疵点尺寸与实际尺寸相符，误差在检测的范围内；为大型光学系统中光学元件损伤的在线、自动化检测提供了一种有用的技术途径。     

Nonlinear Wavepackets in Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in Hydromagnetics

The instability of small but finite amplitude waves propagating at the interface of two layers of highly conducting incompressible fluids in relative motion in presence of external uniform magnetic field is studied. Using the method of multiple scales nonlinear evolution equations are derived for both linearly stable and marginally stable cases. It is found that in the linearly stable case both the modes are modulationally unstable. The nonlinear cut-off wavenumbers are determined.     

Nuclear electric quadrupole interactions in liquids entrapped in cavities

Liquids entrapped in cavities and containing quadrupole nuclei are considered. The interaction of the quadrupole moment of a nucleus with the electric field gradient is studied. In such a system, molecules are in both rotational and translational Brownian motions which are described by the diffusion equation. Solving this equation, we show that the intra- and intermolecular nuclear quadrupole interactions are averaged to zero in cavities with the size larger than several angstroms.     

Patterns and Symmetries in the Visual Cortex and in Natural Images

As borders between different entities, lines are an important element of natural images. Indeed, the neurons of the mammalian visual cortex are tuned to respond best to lines of a given orientation. This preferred orientation varies continuously across most of the cortex, but also has vortex-like singularities known as pinwheels. In attempting to describe such patterns of orientation preference, we are led to consider underlying rotation symmetries: Oriented segments in natural images tend to be collinear; neurons are more likely to be connected if their preferred orientations are aligned to their topographic separation. These are indications of a reduced symmetry requiring joint rotations of both orientation preference and the underlying topography. This is verified by direct statistical tests in both natural images and in cortical maps. Using the statistics of natural scenes we construct filters that are best suited to extracting information from such images, and find qualitative similarities to mammalian vision. PACS84.35+i 89.70.+c 87.57.Nk