超分子液晶

一、超分子化学与液晶简介近年来,超分子化学成为化学科学中分子设计领域的一个中心课题。超分子化学可定义为“分子之上的化学”,即超越分子的化学,它与分子化学的区别在于,分子化学主要研究原子之间通过共价键(或离子键)形成的分子实体的结构与功能,而超分子化学则研究两个或     

化学体系随机共振现象的理论研究

化学体系中随机共振现象的特性、机理、本质和应用的研究是非常重要的前沿课题。综述中国科学技术大学非线性化学实验室,在化学体系随机共振现象的理论研究中,所取得的主要成果,并阐述化学体系随机共振现象研究中所提出来的若干重要问题：非均相化学体系中随机共振;化学体系中内信号随机共振;化学体系中多重随机共振;化学体系中随机共振的调制;化学体系中色噪声作用下的随机共振;化学体系中时空随机共振;耦合化学体系中随机     

洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的核化学与放射化学研究

美国洛斯阿拉英斯国家实验室的核化学与放射化学研究,主要集中在该实验室的同位素和核化学部。除了明显地属于核化学和放射化学学科的研究和发展活动以外,还有很多交叉学科的研究工作。这些研究涉及到各个领域,包括地球化学、生物化学、医学、宇宙化学、大气化学和核物理等。     

化学与化工学科研究进展

化学与化工学科是我院的主体学科之一，其内容主要涉及核化学与核化工、含能材料化学、有机化学与高分子化学、电化学和环境化学与环境工程等领域。核化学与核化工领域主要包括放射化学、氢同位素化学与氚工艺、铀（钚）化学及其与核能释放相关的材料化学。含能材料化学主要涉及炸药的设计、合成、加工号『生能研究。有机化学与高分子化学主要开展激光聚变靶材料的制备、性能检测与应用研究，还包括武器用结构材料的结构与性能研究。电化学主要开展长寿命热电池的应用研究。在环境化学与环境工程领域，主要涉及环境监测与评价、“三废”处理技术以及核设施退役技术的研究与应用。     

声化学的崛起与建议

声学对化学的渗透与影响从八十年代中期起开始有了新的转折,表征声学这一外在特性的边缘学科——声化学或曰超声波化学业已形成。从我们跟踪众多国家的研究工作来看,声化学的迅速发展正从学术上给化学研究开拓新的领域;将从应用上对化学工业产生重大影响;声化学与热化学、光化学等具有等同地位的论点日逐扩大。下面列出声化学崛起的一些重要标志:     

新兴的高能激光器——氧碘化学激光器

氧碘化学激光器是近年来国际上竞相研究的一种高能激光器．概述了氧碘化学激光器的基本原理、阐明了提高Ｏ_２（～１△）化学发生器的效率是提高氧碘化学激光器性能的关键；展望了氧碘化学激光器可能的应用前景，指出工业应用或许是氧碘化学激光器近、中期应用的重要方面；简单介绍了中国科学院大连化学物理研究所有关氧碘化学激光方面的研究工作．     

光纤化学传感技术研究近况

光纤化学传感器作为传感器的一个重要分支,结合了化学和光学的相关技术,将化学制膜、光纤技术以及化学分析中的分光光度法、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱、折射率检测等方法相融合,以其微型化,抗电磁干扰,传输信息量大,拥有自身参比等特点不断向前发展。简要综述了光纤化学传感技术研究近况和未来的发展趋势。重点对光纤pH化学传感器、光纤离子化学传感器和光纤气体化学传感器进行了介绍。简要分析了常见的敏感膜制备方法如化学键合法和溶胶凝胶(sol-gel)等方法。新型光纤——微结构光纤的出现为光纤化学传感器开辟了新的发展方向。由于其具有大的内表面积,结构设计灵活多样,光纤内部提供感应场所等特点,快速度成为光纤化学传感器的重要发展方向和研究热点。对微结构光纤衍生而来的新型光纤化学传感器进行了详细评述, 最后对光纤化学传感器的未来进行展望。     

环境状态下化合物的化学和化学焓

反应过程的热力学分析,需要确定环境状态和基准状态下化合物的化学畑和化学焓数据。本文探讨了它们的计算方法,确定了一百种主要化合物的化学(火用)温度修正系数、化学焓温度修正系数以及基准状态的化学焓,为燃烧、化工与冶金过程的热力学分析提供了重要基础。     

介绍《声化学及其应用》一书

冯若、李化茂编著的《声化学及其应用》(以下简称《声化学》)最近已由安徽科技出版社出版(1992.6;29.6万字),并由著名化学家戴安邦教授执笔作序,这是我国第一部声化学专著,是一本值得推荐的好书。 声化学是声学和化学两门学科相互交叉渗透而发展起来的新兴学科,它研究在声的作用下化学变化的规律及其应用,它几乎涉及到化学所有领域,而且对化     

基于全光谱分析的水质化学耗氧量在线监测技术

针对水体中化学需氧量在线监测的迫切需求,设计了一种基于全光谱分析的水质化学耗氧量监测系统.该系统通过测量已知化学耗氧量的水质吸收光谱,利用最小二乘法建立吸光度与化学耗氧量的传输方程;针对待测水样,通过已建立的传输方程来反演水体化学耗氧量的浓度.通过模拟复杂水样进行化学耗氧量值测量,并将测量值与实验室结果进行比较,验证了该系统的可靠性.结果表明,该全光谱法水质监测系统不需要消耗任何试剂,无二次污染,测量准确度高、速度快,可广泛应用于水质化学耗氧量的实时、现场监测分析.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.