畴反转结构片状集成4×4电光开关的设计与仿真

基于铁电体畴反转结构的电光偏转特性,设计了一种片状集成的4×4电光开关,其由四个结构相同的半抛物和四个抛物形微小偏转器集成构成.通过优化抛物形偏转器结构,给出了电光开关的设计参量,电光开关性能通过光束传播法进行仿真模拟,仿真结果表明该开关切实可行.实际应用中,系统误差可以通过电场调节补偿,使光路准确交换.该片状电光开关的整体尺寸为48 mm×2.2mm×0.5 mm(长×宽×高),最大使用电场约13.73 V/μm,适用于高速交换的光互连系统.     

超越曲面电极结构电光偏转器研究

采用有限元法对几种不同电极结构下电光偏转器的电场分布进行研究.设计出一种具有较大偏转角度的超越曲面电极结构电光偏转器，与圆柱电极结构和双曲面电极结构电光偏转器的性能对比，可知此种电光偏转器的偏转角度更大，电场梯度线性度更高.     

LiNbO3电光偏转器的研究

从电光效应出发，对ＬｉＮｂＯ３电光偏转器的基本品质因子进行研究，导出了偏转器的设计公式，用有限差分法计算了四柱面电极电光偏转器的电场分布，对不同结构参数，给出了梯度线性度和结构因子。     

一种8行任意扫描的电光扫瞄器

 针对激光的快速智能扫描,综合利用晶体的双折射效应和电光效应,提出一种电控集成8行任意扫瞄的高速光扫描方案。主要由三级数字电光偏转器和8×1的周期性极化电光棱镜组构成,其中3个电光快门和3块双折射晶体构成三级数字偏转器,通过半波电压的控制实现行位置的转换,一定数目的周期性极化电光棱镜级联组成单行偏转器,通过控制电压进行单行扫描,根据电场施加方式可实现数字型或者连续型扫描。利用梯形结构的电光棱镜组设计了最大电压为5.822 kV时,扫描视场为17.256°的可通过联机控制进行任意行扫描的高速激光扫描器。     

单块晶体2×2光开关

利用晶体的双折射和全内双反射现象以及晶体的电光效应 ,设计了一种单块晶体集成的 2× 2光开关 ,将一个电光调制器和两个光束分束器集成到一块铌酸锂晶体上 ,实现了光束合束、偏振态调制和光束分束三种功能。根据这种光开关的工作原理 ,给出两种开关结构 ,一种是易于级联的垂直入射结构 ,另一种是有较低操作电压的倾斜入射结构 ,并对倾斜入射结构的光开关进行了制作和测试。实验结果表明 :这种集成结构的 2× 2光开关操作电压低 ,串扰小 ,能量损耗小 ,抗干扰 ,稳定可靠 ,适用于各种光学互连网络。     

利用光折变晶体的电光、压电效应实现2×2光开关的原理

讨论了在光折变LiNbO3晶体中建立电场控制的 2× 2直通交换开关的原理设计方案。通过控制读出光栅时外加电场的大小使读出光满足或偏离布拉格条件 ,从而控制衍射效率为 1或 0 ,实现开关的交换和直通操作。全面考虑了电场作用下晶体的压电和电光效应 ,基于衍射效率公式和光栅的布拉格条件 ,给出了为获得最佳衍射效率比时外加电场及写入光束比与记录角度间的关系曲线     

4×4自由空间光开关结构及其矩阵分析

光开关是全光通信网络中的一种重要的光无源器件。提出了一种4×4自由空间光开关的结构设计方法,并进行了矩阵理论分析。该4×4光开关具有新颖的光模块化结构,该光开关结构仅由偏振分束组合棱镜,λ／4波片,λ／2波片,直角棱镜,全反镜和偏振光调制器组成,对光开关的控制与输入光束的偏振态无关。所有的输出端口可以和输入端口无阻塞地互连交换。这种新型的光开关结构具有光学元件少,结构紧凑,模块化,与偏振无关的特点。基于4×4光开关的矩阵分析得到了路由控制表,为4×4光开关从任意输人端口到任意输出端口的路由控制状态提供了理论分析手段,从而可以方便地实现无阻塞地光交换开关矩阵的路由控制功能。     

一种超小型1×2微机械光开关

设计制作了一种非硅基底的1×2微机械光开关,利用电磁驱动微反射镜运动实现输出端口切换,开关时间＜3 ms,封装尺寸缩小至21 mm×16 mm×12.6 mm,驱动电压5 VDC,经5×106次开关重复性测试,性能稳定.     

等离子体电极电光开关大面积辉光放电的产生及其特性

 在电光开关的晶体两侧，用辉光放电产生的高电导率透明等离子体作为施加开关脉冲电压的电极，可大大增加开关的通光口径。利用设计建造的一个80mm×80mm口径的等离子体电极电光开关，研究了用于电光开关中的大面积辉光放电的产生方法及放电特性。描述了等离子体电极普克尔盒的结构、放电室和电极的几何尺寸、放电电路及其参数，实验观测了预电离和工作气压对放电的影响。     

与偏振无关双向2×2和4×4自由空间光开关

利用成熟的偏振控制技术，设计了一种由偏振光分束器、相位型空间光调制器和反射镜构成的2×2光开关，该光开关所用器件少，具有结构简单紧凑、控制灵活方便、功能实现与信号光的偏振态无关以及可以双向交换等特点；在此基础上通过2×2光开关的串连，设计了一种与偏振无关的双向4×4光开关的实验模块，根据其路由选择与控制方法，得到了4×4光开关实现信号光全排列无阻塞输出与交换对应的路由状态表，并对该实验模块的功能实现进行了详细的分析与讨论。     

电光调制2×490°相移空间光学桥接器

基于LiNbO3晶体的双折射和电光效应设计制作了一种2×4的90°相移自由空间光学桥接器。该桥接器利用晶体的双折射效应进行信号光和本振光的分光/耦合,电光效应引入相位调制,在给定电场条件下实现2×4 90°空间光学桥接器的功能。对空间光学桥接器进行了实验测量和分析。实验结果表明该桥接器性能良好,相位连续可调,相位误差可通过电压调制补偿,应用于相干接收系统。     

边界主动加热管理平均功率普克尔盒热效应

建立了平均功率激光辐照下,边界主动加热的电光晶体内3维各向异性热传输有限元模型及其热应力双折射模型,在此基础上分析了等离子体普克尔盒热效应。提出了边界主动加热控制电光晶体横向温度梯度热管理思想,并给出平均功率普克尔盒的光开关性能。结果表明:对于50J/10Hz、光束口径为50mm×30mm的激光系统,普克尔盒最大退偏损耗为3.58%,平均退偏损耗为0.9%,波前畸变为1.59λ。采用边界加热控制后,当加热功率密度为500W/m2时,最大退偏损耗为0.17%、平均退偏损耗为0.05%、波前畸变为0.26λ,普克尔盒热效应显著降低,满足设计要求。     

Polarization-independent bidirectional 4×4 optical switch in free space

Optical switches play an important role in all optical communication networks and multiprocessor computer systems. The 2×2 and 4×4 optical switches are the basic units of large-scale switch matrices. Using a conventional polarization control method, the optical switch system and structure is optimized, and a novel optical switch is proposed, which has the advantages of relatively low crosstalk and insertion loss, compact and simple construction, higher performance and cost effectiveness. First, a novel 2×2 optical switch is proposed using phase spatial light modulator (PSLM), polarizing beam splitter (PBS) and mirror. This configuration uses fewer optical components, is compact in structure, efficient in performance, and insensitive to polarization of the signal beam. Second, a new optical experimental module of 4×4 optical switch is presented by cascading a 2×2 optical switch. The routing method of polarization-independent bidirectional 4×4 optical switch is investigated. Finally, the operational characteristics of the polarization-independent bidirectional 2×2 and 4×2 optical switches are discussed in detail.     

Ultra-fast optical switches using 1D polymeric photonic crystals

We report fabrication of ultra-fast optical switches operated at a wavelength of 1064 nm using spin-coated one-dimensional polymeric photonic crystals doped with nonlinear-optical dyes. The optical switches are controlled either by an applied electric-field voltage or by a pump light by use of two different optical-configurations. The response time of the electro-optic switch and the all-optical switch are limited by the applied voltage and the laser used, respectively. The polymeric photonic crystals can be easily fabricated with low cost.     

一种新型的二元光学器件——多位相光束分束器的制作

本文报道了用于多光束分束器的反射式16位相值二元光学器件的制作。该二元光学器件把一束光束分成5×5光束阵列。测量的衍射效率为76.16%,接近理论设计值79.68%。该二元光学器件的有效孔径为10mm×10mm。     

Integrated Electro-Optic Switches Based on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Waveguides

Two integrated electro-optic switches based on smectic C * ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) planar waveguides oriented in the bookshelf geometry have been designed and realized. In order to test the first switch, a particular waveguide structure consisting of a three-stage device, having a thin FLC film middle stage and two glass waveguides as other stages, has been designed and realized. The second one is realized by a planar waveguide with a smectic C * ferroelectric liquid crystal overlayer. In this article the design, the realization, and the experimental characterization of electro-optical switches are reported. The electro-optical behavior and the response time of both devices have been studied for different configurations for both TE and TM polarization. Our main aim was to demonstrate the feasibility of an integrated electro-optic device based on a FLC waveguide, and our experimental results provide a number of interesting indications about device optimization and practical applications.     

Systematic investigation of silicon digital 1×2 electro-optic switch based on a microdisk resonator through carrier injection

We perform a systematic investigation on the silicon digital 1×2 electro-optic switch based on a microdisk resonator with the refractive index tuned by carrier injection and extraction. Analytical expressions are proposed to quantify the crosstalk, insertion loss and switching time, and then they are used to analyze the effect of the coupling-in/out coefficient, internal loss, and quality factor. Both electron beam lithography and photolithography were employed to construct the asymmetrically coupled microdisk resonator integrated with a p-i-n diode. A high-performance switch has been demonstrated with a crosstalk of less than −20 dB, a switching time of ∼2 ns, as well as a power consumption of 0.46 mW. Moreover, the switching of optical signals with high data rates has been characterized and analyzed under different working conditions.     

Photonics Devices Based on Hybrid Approach Combining Liquid Crystals and Sol-Gel Waveguides

In this article, the analysis of both an integrated electro-optic switch and a continuously tunable filter based on a Bragg grating in planar waveguide with a liquid crystal overlayer is reported. The fast and bistable switching of smectic C* in the surface-stabilized liquid crystal structure has been utilized in order to investigate the possibility of realizing an integrated electro-optical switch, whereas the soft-mode of smectic A* liquid crystals, allowing a continuous modulation of extraordinary refractive index, have been utilized in order to design an integrated wavelength filter in the wavelength range of interest for optical communication. Moreover, the performance of an electro-optical router, working at the wavelength of 1.55 μm and based on the multimode interference effects together with the electro-optic effect of smectic A* liquid crystal, is theoretically and numerically discussed.