大气湍流对部分相干电磁平顶光束传输的影响

基于相干性和偏振性统一理论,采用Rytov相位结构函数平方近似推导出了部分相干电磁平顶光束在湍流大气中传输的偏振度、相干度和光谱强度公式,并研究了湍流对其传输特性的影响.研究表明,偏振度和相干度与源光谱的带宽无关.大气湍流使得不同阶数的部分相干电磁平顶光束的偏振度经长程传输后均趋于其初始值.大气湍流使得部分相干电磁平顶光束与电磁高斯一谢尔模型光束相干度的差别减小,并导致相干度的振荡和相位奇异现象消失.大气湍流使得相干性较好的部分相干电磁平顸光束的光谱跃变现象消失.     

大气湍流对部分相干厄米-高斯光束空间相干性的影响

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,并采用Rytov相位结构函数二次近似,推导出了部分相干厄米-高斯(H-G)光束通过大气湍流传输的光谱相干度公式,研究了湍流对光束的空间相干特性的影响.研究表明,部分相干H-G光束通过大气湍流传输其光谱相干度会出现振荡和相位奇异现象,但随着湍流的增强,振荡减弱,直至振荡和相位奇异现象消失,这一特性与高斯-谢尔模型光束的差异很大.光束的相干参数越小,光束空间相干性受湍流的影响也越小.此外,还研究了光谱相干度二阶矩宽度与光谱强度二阶矩宽度间的关系,得到一些有意义的结果,并给出了合理的 关键词： 部分相干厄米-高斯光束 大气湍流 光谱相干度 二阶矩宽度     

光源参数及大气湍流对电磁光束传输偏振特性的影响

根据光束扩展理论,以部分相干的电磁高斯-谢尔光束为研究对象,分析了电磁光束传输时其偏振特性的变化机理.结果表明,光源参数和大气湍流对电磁光束分量扩展的影响是导致传输过程中电磁光束偏振特性变化的原因.在真空中传输时,电磁光束两分量的相干性存在差异,导致传输时电磁光束两分量扩展快慢不同,从而引起传输路径上光束谱偏振度的变化.在大气湍流中,电磁光束两分量扩展的快慢与光源参数和大气湍流强度均有关,当传输路径较短时,电磁光束偏振变化主要与光源参数有关,变化特性与在真空中传输时的情况类似,而传输距离较远时,电磁光束偏振变化受大气湍流的影响明显,变化特性与在真空中传输时的情形存在不同.     

部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性

根据光束的相干-偏振矩阵和传输理论，对部分相干平顶光束经正多边形光阑衍射的偏振特性进行了系统的研究.给出了部分相干平顶光束偏振度传输公式，并将高斯-谢尔模型光束以及部分相干平顶光束在自由空间传输的偏振度作为特例统一于一般表达式中.研究表明：部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性与光阑截断参数、光束的空间相干性、衍射角、传输距离、平顶光束的阶数有关.     

部分相干Airy光束在湍流大气中传输时的偏振特性

研究了部分相干Airy光束在湍流大气中传输时的偏振特性,偏振保持度作为衡量偏振传输效果的一个重要参数.结果表明:部分相干Airy光束在湍流大气中传输足够远时,其偏振度会变回到初始值;而在自由空间中传输,光束的偏振度会保持在某一个特定值;在湍流大气中,当光束传输距离不是很远时,光束对称轴上的偏振度分布为Airy函数,但是当传输足够远时,该偏振度分布逐渐趋向于类高斯状;光束的束腰半径越大,相干长度越长,越有利于光束传输后偏振的保持;存在一个指数截断因子,使得光束的偏振保持度很差.这些结论对于Airy光束在通信领域中的应用具有重要的意义.     

部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性

根据光束的相干-偏振矩阵和传输理论,对部分相干平顶光束经正多边形光阑衍射的偏振特性进行了系统的研究.给出了部分相干平顶光束偏振度传输公式,并将高斯-谢尔模型光束以及部分相干平顶光束在自由空间传输的偏振度作为特例统一于一般表达式中.研究表明：部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性与光阑截断参数、光束的空间相干性、衍射角、传输距离、平顶光束的阶数有关. 关键词： 部分相干平顶光束 偏振特性 相干-偏振矩阵 正多边形光阑 光阑衍射     

大气湍流对部分相干平顶高斯光束的影响

采用相屏近似处理方法对激光通过湍流大气的传输进行了数值模拟。从数值模拟的结果拟合出两个公式:一是通过湍流前后部分相干平顶高斯光束的束宽平方比随阶数、传输距离和湍流强度的变化关系式；一是通过湍流后的相干长度随初始光束相干长度、湍流相干长度的变化关系式。研究发现:部分相干平顶高斯光束分解为相互独立的厄米-高斯光束的叠加；相干性越差的光束受到湍流的影响程度就越小；湍流对光束传输的影响与光束自身相干特性对其传输的影响之间是不相关的。     

平顶光束通过湍流大气传输的光谱特性

采用Rytov相位结构函数二次近似的方法,推导出了平顶光束在湍流大气中的光谱传输方程,详细研究了其光谱特性,并给出了合理的物理解释。研究表明,轴上点光谱为蓝移,随着离轴距离的增大,光谱由蓝移逐渐变为红移,轴外点存在多阶光谱跃变现象。随着湍流的增强,光谱位移量和光谱跃变量减小、光谱跃变现象消失。特别分析了平顶光束与高斯谢尔模型(GSM)光束通过湍流大气传输的光谱跃变之间存在的差异。     

部分相干光束经过湍流大气传输研究进展

相较于相干光束,部分相干光束经过湍流大气传输能够有效地抑制湍流引起的光束展宽、光斑漂移及光强闪烁等扰动效应,在自由空间光通信、激光雷达和激光遥感等方面有重要的应用前景.近年来,部分相干光束湍流大气传输研究受到越来越多学者的关注.本文回顾了部分相干光束在湍流大气中传输特性研究的发展历程、理论基础及常用的理论方法,介绍了处理光束经过湍流大气传输的相位屏数值模拟方法,以及如何把该方法运用到处理部分相干光束传输.     

部分相干涡旋光束在大气湍流中的远场传输特性

运用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,详细研究了部分相干涡旋光束在湍流介质中的远场传输规律.研究表明,部分相干涡旋光束的光谱相干度及光强分布与光束的拓扑电荷数、空间相对相干长度及湍流介质的折射率结构常数等因素有关.在湍流介质中,光谱相干度存在相位奇点,并且随着空间相对相干长度的增大,相干涡旋逐渐演化为强度涡旋,而湍流介质的强弱对部分相干涡旋光束的影响则相反,随着湍流介质的折射率常数的增大,强度涡旋逐渐演化为相干涡旋.     

大气湍流中部分相干光束上行和下行传输偏振特性的比较

以部分相干的电磁高斯-谢尔模型(electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model, EGSM) 光束为研究对象, 根据相干和偏振的统一理论以及随机光束的Stokes参量, 推导出EGSM光束在大气湍流中斜程传输时的偏振度(degree of polarization, DoP)和偏振方向角的表达式, 研究了大气湍流中上行和下行传输时EGSM光束偏振特性的不同. 研究结果表明: 在相同条件下, EGSM 光束下行传输时整个光场DoP的分布比上行传输要集中; 下行传输时轴上点的DoP达到最大值所对应的传输距离长于上行传输. 可以看出, EGSM光束沿下行路径传输时, 探测器可以接收更远距离处的波束传输信息.     

Changes in the polarization, the coherence and the spectrum of partially coherent electromagnetic Hermite–Gaussian beams in turbulence

The unified theory of coherence and polarization is applied to an investigation of the changes in the polarization, the coherence and the spectrum of partially coherent electromagnetic Hermite–Gaussian (EHG) beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence. Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle, the 2×2 electric cross-spectral density matrix of partially coherent EHG beams in turbulence is expressed analytically by using a quadratic approximation of Rytov's phase structure function. The analytical expressions for the degree of polarization, the degree of coherence and the spectrum of partially coherent EHG beams in turbulence are derived, and the corresponding analytical results of electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beams can be obtained when the order number of the Hermite polynomial is zero. Some interesting results are obtained, which are illustrated by using numerical examples.     

Turbulence-induced changes in degree of polarization, degree of coherence and spectrum of partially coherent electromagnetic beams

Based on a recently formulated unified theory of coherence and polarization, a method is described to study turbulence-induced changes in the polarization, the coherence and the spectrum of partially coherent electromagnetic beams on propagation. The electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam is taken as a typical example of partially coherent electromagnetic beams, and the closed-form expressions for the degree of polarization, the degree of coherence and the spectrum of electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence are derived in the quadratic approximation of Rytov's phase structure function. Some interesting results are obtained, which are illustrated by numerical examples and are explained in physics.     

Changes in the spectrum and polarization of polychromatic partially coherent electromagnetic beams in the turbulent atmosphere

The polychromatic partially coherent electromagnetic Cosh-Gaussian (EChG) beam is introduced and taken as a typical example of polychromatic partially coherent electromagnetic beams. Based on the unified theory of coherence and polarization, the expressions for the spectrum and the degree of polarization of polychromatic partially coherent EChG beams in the turbulent atmosphere are derived, and the conditions for keeping polarization invariance and for determining the position where the degree of polarization becomes zero along the propagation path are also given. It is shown that the normalized spectrum is close to the normalized source spectrum due to turbulence. The reasonable physical explanation of spectral shift is given. On the other hand, the bandwidth does not affect the degree of polarization, and the degree of polarization tends to the value at the source plane due to turbulence in the long-propagation distance limit. The spectrum and polarization of polychromatic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beams and electromagnetic Gaussian (EG) beams in turbulence are treated as special cases of polychromatic partially coherent EChG beams.     

Polarization properties of polarized and partially coherent Electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model pulse beams on slant path in turbulent atmosphere

This paper is based on the unified theory of coherence and polarization of stochastic electromagnetic beams and the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle, combined with the quadratic approximation of Rytov’s phase structure function and the generalized Stokes parameters. We have derived the novel expressions for the cross-spectral density matrix elements and the degree of cross-polarization of a class of elliptically polarized spatially and spectrally partially coherent Electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model pulse (EGSMP) beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence along a slant path. Additionally, we calculate and analyze the effects of the turbulent intensity, the initial pulse duration, waist width of the beam, the spatial coherence length and temporal coherence length et al. on the polarization properties of fully polarized and partially coherent EGSMP beams. Finally, a comparison of the impact of those factors on the partially polarization beams is made. The results show that the influences of the turbulent intensity, the initial pulse duration, waist width of the beam, the spatial coherence length and temporal coherence length et al. on the polarization properties of fully polarized and partially coherent EGSMP beams are larger. While the effects of those parameters on the partially polarization and partially coherent EGSMP beams are smaller. It is noted that the results of this paper have established sound theoretical basis on the topic of improving performance of the laser system propagating through the atmospheric turbulence.     

Effects of extremely strong turbulent medium on scintillations of partially coherent annular and flat-topped Gaussian beams

Scintillation index of partially coherent annular and partially coherent flat-topped Gaussian beams propagating in horizontal links is found at the receiver origin when these beams propagate in extremely strong atmospheric turbulence. Scintillation index of coherent versions of such beams attain unity saturation value whereas the decrease in the degree of source coherence results in the decrease of the scintillations. At a fixed degree of partial coherence, thin ring sized annular beams possess smaller scintillations than thick ones. For partially coherent flat-topped Gaussian beams, higher flatness yields smaller intensity fluctuations. In extremely strong turbulence, partially coherent annular and partially coherent flat-topped Gaussian beams have smaller scintillations when compared to partially coherent single Gaussian beam scintillations.     

Propagation properties of stochastic electromagnetic double-vortex beams in turbulent atmosphere

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, we study the propagation properties of stochastic electromagnetic double-vortex beams in turbulent atmosphere. The result shows that the spreading of the partially coherent double-vortex beams can be smaller than that of the fully coherent ones. The degree of polarization of this kind of beam will experience change, which is dependent on the degree of polarization of the source plane, the atmospheric turbulence, topological charge, and the spatial coherence. The results may have applications in space optical communication.