共线型声光可调谐滤波器非互易效应研究

通过创建超声频率与衍射效率的动态方程,分析了声光器件在不同射频驱动频率下衍射效率的分布情况,并给出相应表达式.提出了在100 MHz射频处也存在与高于1 GHz处类似非互易现象.进一步通过比例系数δF/△F的引入,在此基础上分别利用波长532 nm和632.8 nm激光器,在二氧化碲晶体中进行非互易效应实验.实验得到传...     

关于非同向二氧化碲声光可调谐滤波器的实验研究

介绍了一种具有大光入射角度的非共线TeO2声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)的结构和特点,并对实验样品的特性进行了测量。实验结果表明,该器件在100nm的可调谐范围内有效衍射效率可以达到96%,带宽小于2nm,试验结果与理论值一致。这种AOTF将用于动态光分插复用器(OADM),在未来光网络系统中起到重要作用。     

声光效应实验研究

介绍声光效应的最新理论进展。采用光栅假设，对各向同性介质中的声光效应作了简要讨论，导出了第m级衍射光的衍射效率公式。研究和介绍一种新的声光效应实验装置。在实验中，应用线阵CCD光强分布测量仪等，通过改变超声波的频率和功率，分别实现了对激光束方向的控制和强度的调制；定量给出了声光偏转量的关系曲线和声光调制测量的关系曲线。实验表明，在布喇格衍射下，通过固定超声波功率，测量衍射光相对于零级衍射光的相对光强与超声波频率的关系曲线，不仅可以计算声速，还可以确定声光器件的带宽和中心频率。     

声光偏转效应在相干光检测的应用

为使现代电子侦察技术能适应信号密集、宽频谱、大动态的电磁环境, 提出了一种基于声光偏转器实现相关光信号处理的方法, 分析了射频信号频率变化与布拉格衍射角的关系, 讨论了声光偏转效应对信号频率的空间滤波特性; 在理论分析的基础上, 构建了在可见光范围内实现声光偏转的相干光信号探测的实验系统, 并通过计算机仿真对比, 验证了这种方法的可行性。实验表明, 采用波长为630 nm的单频激光, 带宽为200 MHz的声光偏转器, 其频率分辨率优于1 MHz, 频率信号的空间分离效果明显, 接收灵敏度和信噪比得到改善。     

集成光学声光可调谐光谱仪的特性分析

提出了一种以集成光学声光可调谐滤波器作为分光元件的新型光谱仪 ,并详细介绍了这种光谱仪的具体特性。通过对这种光谱仪的特征方程、点扩展函数以及色散本领的详细分析 ,指出该光谱仪的分辨本领与器件的声光作用长度成正比 ,也与它的级联级数的平方根成正比。因此增加器件的声光作用长度比增加它的级联级数能更有效地提高光谱分辨率。另外还指出 ,准共线声光耦合是抑制侧瓣、提高分辨本领的有效途径。测试表明 ,当声光相互作用长度L =2 5mm ,声波导和光波导的夹角θ=0 .4 2°时 ,在中心频率 174MHz附近可获得带宽 1.4 4nm ,一级侧瓣 - 13.2dB ,模式转换效率大于 99%的结果。     

Duffing振子型结构声系统中声能量非互易传递的建模和实验研究

声能量非互易传递机理及声非互易系统构建是近年来声学领域的研究热点.本文开展了由非线性薄膜和两个不同尺寸声腔组成的实验系统中声能量非互易传递的实验研究.该系统利用简化为Duffing振子的薄膜频响函数的不对称性,实现了声能量的非互易传递.采用复化平均法获得系统频响函数的渐近解,理论计算结果与实验测量结果吻合.理论计算和实验结果表明:该系统理论上存在最大9.1倍的非互易量,实验测得的最大非互易量为4.3倍,归一化跳变区频率带宽为0.56.研究结果揭示了实验系统中声能量非互易传递机理,为实现空气介质声系统中声能量的非对称传递提供了一种新方法.     

声光技术的进展

一、声光效应和声光器件 当声波在介质中传播时,由于物质的光弹效应,使介质的折射率发生周期性变化,从而也像相位光栅那样使光衍射.当超声波频率较低,声光互作用区较短时,入射光常被衍射成多级衍射光,这就是喇曼-奈斯衍射.如果超声波频率很高,光沿着适当的角度射入介质并通过较多的超声波阵面,则高次衍射光消失,只剩下0级和1级光,这就是布喇格衍射,这时入射光与衍射光的角度应满足布喇格方程即     

宽光谱AOTF匹配网络对光谱衍射效率影响的研究

基于声光可调滤波器(acousto-optic tunable filter,AOTF)光谱成像分析仪在可见至红外光谱的多个谱区内广泛应用,对AOTF的光谱带宽及衍射效率提出了更高的要求。超声换能器作为AOTF的核心部件,其3 dB工作带宽决定AOTF的光谱衍射范围,故在同一声光介质上制作两片厚度不同的换能器来提高AOTF光谱带宽。由于超声换能器在不同频率下具有不同的输入阻抗,当驱动信号源输出阻抗与超声换能器输入阻抗失配时会产生能量损耗,导致无法把功率最大限度的传递给超声换能器,从而使AOTF光谱衍射效率降低,影响光谱成像清晰度。通过射频电路先进设计系统(ADS)仿真及实验测试,设计了一种新型宽带阻抗匹配网络,在60~200 MHz带宽范围内,阻抗匹配网络功率效率达到90%以上,光谱衍射效率最高达90%,提高了在420~1 150 nm波段内的光谱灵敏度。     

法-珀干涉绝对距离测量中的声光移频器双通道配置方法

为在能量天平动圈位移测量中实现大范围纳米精度法-珀干涉绝对距离测量, 提出了声光移频器双通道配置, 实现了调谐范围为200 MHz的可调谐频差. 通过分析声光移频器调制带宽与衍射效率的平衡与入射光束聚焦透镜的关系, 确定透镜的最佳焦距范围; 利用零级光斑分布特点准确定位入射光束, 保证一级衍射光束质量. 声光移频器在调制带宽内的实验单通道和双通道峰值衍射效率分别为79.54%, 61.41%; 声光移频器双通道配置输出的一级衍射光束与入射本征光束的拍频范围为440-640 MHz, 是单通道调制带宽输出220-320 MHz的两倍, 信噪比好. 理论分析表明, 声光移频器双通道配置方法实现的可调谐频差可测量腔长变化范围约为53 mm的折叠法-珀腔.     

压电换能器等效模型分析与阻抗匹配设计

声光可调滤光器(Acousto-optic tunable filter,AOTF)的衍射效率不仅与功率信号源的质量、声光晶体氧化碲(TeO_2)的切型有关,而且压电超声换能器的结构以及其阻抗匹配网络也对AOTF的衍射效率有很大影响。本文对X切型铌酸锂(LiNbO_3,LN)四层镀膜压电超声换能器的等效模型进行了分析,确定了声光介质存在时换能器的阻抗特性,利用射频微波仿真软件,设计了电感-电容复合匹配网络。将换能器压合在TeO_2上,用复色光作为光源进行了声光衍射实验,经仿真与实验验证表明,该匹配电路可以有效的改善压电换能器的阻抗特性,提高换能器带宽,提高能量传输效率,AOTF衍射效率最高可达92.67%。     

Nanocrystalline gadolinium iron garnet for circulator applications

Due to high resistivity and low microwave losses, gadolinium iron garnets (GdIG) are useful materials for non-reciprocal devices such as circulators or isolators. Keeping the miniaturization and cost reduction in mind, the trend is to modify the conventional methods of preparation of samples. In this connection we have synthesized nanocystalline GdIG by using the Microwave Hydrothermal method at 160 °C/45 min. As synthesized powders were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. XRD patterns show the formation of a garnet phase with crystallite size varying between 19 nm and 40 nm. Differential Thermal Analysis studies were also carried out on the nanopowders. The powders were densified at a lower sintering temperature of 1100 °C/45 min using a microwave sintering method. The sintered samples were characterized by XRD and atomic force microscopy. The frequency dependence of complex permittivity and ferromagnetic resonance were measured in the K_a band frequency (27–40 GHz). Magnetic properties were also measured at room temperature.     

Transfer efficiency in ballistic electron emission microscopy taking diffraction of emitted hot electrons into account

We have analyzed the transfer efficiency of ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM), taking the finite spot size of the emitted electron beam from scanning probes into account. Three-dimensional diffraction from an aperture at a surface-metal/air interface is introduced to model an effect caused by the finiteness of spot size. As a general trend, the diffraction decreases BEEM transfer efficiency. The diffraction effect increases as the spot size decreases and the air-gap distance increases. In a Au/GaAs sample, BEEM transfer efficiency markedly deteriorates down to 6% of the value derived from a conventional planar tunneling theory when a spot size of 0.2 nm, an air-gap distance of 0.6 nm, and an electron energy of 0.2 eV, measured from the bottom of the GaAs conduction band, are assumed. BEEM transfer efficiency is markedly dependent on the spot size of the emitted hot electron. This result indicates that the BEEM current depends on the spatial resolution of the scanning probe, that is, the condition of the tip apex.     

Optimization and analysis of multi-layer diffractive optical elements in visible waveband

An optimization for diffraction efficiency of the multi-layer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) is presented, then the construction process of optimization program is introduced in detail. A new optimization initial point is proposed, which contributes to analyze the relationship between the optimal relief heights and the base materials. Through the optimization examples, diffraction efficiency higher than 99.7% from F line (486.1327 nm) to C line (656.2725 nm) of visible waveband can be achieved, and the polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency (PIDE) over the entire waveband is 99.94%. Moreover, this paper compares and analyzes optimization results of different glass pairs, and the relationship between the optimal relief heights pairs and base materials pairs is obtained.     

真空紫外波段光栅二级衍射效率测量装置

利用光栅二级衍射会影响反射样品光谱反射率结果的原理,通过计算不同光谱反射率获得了光栅二级衍射效率。介绍了测量二级衍射效率的实验装置,该装置采用双光路单色仪结构,使用已知光谱辐亮度氘灯作为光源,探测器为光电倍增管,通过水杨酸钠膜将紫外光转为可见光。以波长161nm为例,测量了5块反射镜样片,计算得到光栅二级衍射效率为0.00611×(1±0.0777)。分析表明,该方法采用的测试装置简单,系统不确定度为14.08%,可以实现真空紫外波段光栅二级光谱衍射效率的连续测量。     

Design of High-Efficiency Diffraction Gratings Based on Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis for 800nm Wavelength

We report on the design of a high diffraction efficiency multi-layer dielectric grating with wide incident angle and broad bandwidth for 80Ohm. The optimized grating can achieve 〉 95% diffraction efficiency in the first order at an incident angle of 5° from Littrow and a wavelength from 77Ohm to 83Ohm, with peak diffraction efieieney of 〉 99.5% at 80Ohm. The electric field distribution of the optimized multi-layer dielectric grating within the gratings ridge is 1.3 times enhancement of the incidence light, which presents potential high laser resistance ability. Because of its high-effieieney, wide incident, broad bandwidth and potential high resistance ability, the multi-layer dielectric grating should have practical application in Ti：sapphire laser systems.     

用于并行激光直写的连续深浮雕衍射透镜阵列研究

研究了一种用于并行激光直写的连续深浮雕衍射透镜阵列方法.该方法采用连续浮雕衍射透镜阵列替换传统并行激光直写中的物镜阵列,在兼顾系统分辨力基础上,克服了波带片等衍射透镜阵列衍射效率低的缺点|同时因采用深浮雕结构优化环带宽度,可降低阵列的制作难度.针对并行激光直写系统阵列F/#小的特点,在建立连续深浮雕衍射透镜阵列非旁轴近似聚焦模型基础上,设计、制作和测试了波长为441.6 nm,F/#为7.5的连续深浮雕衍射透镜阵阵列.测试结果表明：该阵列的衍射效率优于70%,远高于波带片阵列的40%.     

自支撑透射光栅的设计、制作和测试

采用标量衍射理论和严格耦合波理论分别计算和讨论了金自支撑透射光栅的衍射效率随波长和光栅周期变化的情况并设计了光栅的结构参数.制作了周期为300 nm、线宽/周期比为055、厚度为200 nm、总面积为1 mm×1 mm、有效面积比为65%的金自支撑透射光栅.在国家同步辐射实验室检测了该光栅在55—38 nm波长范围内的绝对衍射效率.检测结果表明所制作的光栅在8 nm附近具有接近10%的最大衍射效率,并且该光栅对于波长15—35 nm范围内的极紫外波段具有基本稳定的衍射效率. 关键词： 自支撑透射光栅 电子束光刻 电镀     

用于并行激光直写的连续深浮雕衍射透镜阵列研究

研究了一种用于并行激光直写的连续深浮雕衍射透镜阵列方法.该方法采用连续浮雕衍射透镜阵列替换传统并行激光直写中的物镜阵列,在兼顾系统分辨力基础上,克服了波带片等衍射透镜阵列衍射效率低的缺点;同时因采用深浮雕结构优化环带宽度,可降低阵列的制作难度.针对并行激光直写系统阵列F/#小的特点,在建立连续深浮雕衍射透镜阵列非旁轴近似聚焦模型基础上,设计、制作和测试了波长为441.6 nm,F/#为7.5的连续深浮雕衍射透镜阵阵列.测试结果表明:该阵列的衍射效率优于70%,远高于波带片阵列的40%.     

High-power single-longitudinal-mode operation of Tm:YAG laser using Fabry–Perot etalons and volume Bragg grating

A diode-pumped high-power single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) Tm:YAG laser was investigated. To obtain a single-frequency 2 μm laser output, Fabry–Perot (F–P) etalons combined with a volume Bragg grating (VBG) were used as frequency selection devices. The transmission losses of the VBG and etalons were analyzed and the angles of F–P etalons were optimized theoretically. Considering the gains and the insertion losses, the output wavelength of the Tm:YAG laser was estimated to be 2012.47 nm. Using this method, as much as 574 mW SLM laser was obtained experimentally, corresponding to a slope-efficiency of 18.6% and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 8.2%. The output wavelength was measured to be 2012.47 nm, which was in excellent agreement with the theoretical result. The power instability was less than 1% in 30 minutes test, and the degree of the linear polarization was over 20 dB.     

液晶波前校正器特性研究

利用808 nm大功率连续激光器研究了液晶的光功率承受特性结果表明,当功率密度为133 W/cm2时,液晶还能保持原有的光学调制特性,而且可以长时间稳定工作测定了液晶的波长色散特性,发现,随着波长的增加Δn值逐渐减少,近紫外300~400 nm波段Δn变化47％,而在400~780 nm变化量为28％,在780~900 nm Δn变化了2％还研究了温度对液晶波前校正器衍射效率的影响,随着温度的升高Δn逐渐减小,当温度从10℃升到90℃时,对于16台阶菲涅耳透镜,衍射效率下降了70%；但当温度在20℃变化10℃时,对4台阶菲涅耳透镜衍射效率最大变化量为1.7%,而对16台阶菲涅耳透镜,衍射效率降低了1.2%.