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1.
标准芳烃及其混合溶液的同步荧光光谱分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了提供区分标准芳烃的实验依据,并为环境中芳烃污染检测提供参考.对10个标准芳烃样品(萘、芴、蒽、菲、荧蒽、苊、芘、1,2-苯并[A]蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并菲)及其混合溶液(蒽、萘、芴混合溶液,苊、荧蒽、菲混合溶液和芘、1,2-苯并[A]蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并菲混合溶液)的同步荧光特性进行了分析,获得10种标准芳烃标志峰最好时对应的Δλ值及其标志峰位.在此基础上,通过同步荧光光谱分析区分了三种标准芳烃混合溶液的组分,实验发现对蒽、萘、芴混合溶液,Δλ=3nm时最易区分三种组分;对苊、荧蒽、菲混合溶液,Δλ=3nm或Δλ=10nm均可区分三种组分,相对而言,Δλ=10nm更简便些;对芘、1,2-苯并[A]蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并菲混合溶液,Δλ=5nm时是最好的,但也仅能区分芘、1,2-苯并[A]蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽三种组分,苯并菲不确定.  相似文献   

2.
李松  饶竹  郭晓辰 《光谱实验室》2012,29(4):2102-2108
采用5个浓度水平样品并通过7家实验室进行协同评定试验,验证了土壤中萘、苊、苊烯、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(r)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a.h)蒽、苯并(g.h.i)苝、茚并(1.2.3-cd)芘等16种多环芳烃分析方法的稳定性与准确性。测量结果经一致性和离群值检查后,土壤中16种多环芳烃在5.00—1000ng/g浓度水平范围内,重复性标准差为5.78—14.8ng/g,再现性标准差为16.2—23.8ng/g,单个样品中的1-氟萘替代物质量监控指标回收率分别为72.7%—105%,检测方法准确、可靠。  相似文献   

3.
拉曼光谱的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)特征振动光谱辨识   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
借助密度泛函理论中B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)方法对美国EPA优先控制污染物中的16种多环芳烃(PAHs):萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、稠二萘、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、二苯并[g,h,i]芘以及茚苯(1,2,3-cd)芘进行结构优化,并计算拉曼光谱振动频率和去偏振度,在此基础上辨识多环芳烃的拉曼特征光谱。研究显示,16种PAHs的拉曼振动主要分布在3个频区:200~1 000cm-1(指纹区)、1 000~1 700和3 000~3 200cm-1(基团频率区),3个频区主要振动归属分别为环变形(ring def),碳碳伸缩(CCStr)、碳氢摇摆(CHw)及其耦合振动(CCStrCCw),碳氢伸缩(CHStr)。进一步分析显示,指纹区16种PAHs的去偏振度随苯环变形振动对称性增强而降低,在该频区去偏振度最小的频移处苯环呼吸振动的对称性最强,指纹区的峰强也在此处出现最大值。任意PAHs在指纹区的最强峰之间的波数差较大,在显微拉曼光谱的可分辨范围内,因而利用指纹区的去偏振度和最强峰可将16种PAHs逐一识别。烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、醇类和酚类、脂肪醚、芳基烷基醚、醛类、酮类、羧酸、酯类、胺类、腈类、酰胺类、酸酐、芳烃的振动频率和峰强分布不完全一致,利用PAHs与这几类物质拉曼频率和峰强分布的差异可以逐一排出干扰。  相似文献   

4.
利用时间分辨荧光光谱技术,研究了菲、荧蒽、芴、蒽、芘等五种多环芳烃的荧光时间分辨发射光谱特性。以289nm受激拉曼光作为激发光源,研究了289nm激发光作用下五种多环芳烃的延时特性和门宽特性。并以多环芳烃随延时时间的荧光峰强度衰减关系曲线,得到菲、荧蒽、芴、芘的荧光寿命分别为37.0,32.7,10.9,147.0ns。不同荧光物质具有特定的荧光光谱特性,多环芳烃时间分辨荧光光谱特性的研究可以为复杂水体中不同种类多环芳烃的诊断提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,PAHs)具有强致癌性,极大威胁着人类身体健康。因此,寻找一种高效、精确的多环芳烃浓度检测方法十分必要。采用FS920荧光光谱仪分析了苯并(k)荧蒽(BkF)、苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)、苯并(a)芘(BaP)混合溶液的荧光光谱特性。发现在激发波长260~400 nm、发射波长300~500 nm范围内,混合溶液的荧光光谱重叠严重。当混合物浓度配比不同时,荧光特性也存在很大差异。针对光谱图不能直接反映混合物各组分浓度的特点,将人工蜂群(ABC)算法优化的径向基函数(RBF)神经网络应用于浓度检测中,对比分析普通RBF和ABC-RBF神经网络模型。结果表明,ABC-RBF神经网络模型预测误差相对较小,训练到95次时,均方差精度达到10~(-3)。BkF、BbF和BaP的回收率平均值分别为99.20%、99.12%和99.23%,证明此网络适用于检测多环芳烃溶液,为检测多环芳烃浓度提供了一种快速、有效的新方法。  相似文献   

6.
利用荧光分光光度计对处于常温、压力范围为0.1~60 MPa、浓度为10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)的蒽的三维荧光光谱及浓度比为1∶1的蒽-芴、蒽-萘、蒽-菲、蒽-苊、蒽-荧蒽的三维荧光光谱进行了测定,并通过分析不同压力下蒽的荧光峰位置和峰强度的变化来探讨压力对荧光光谱的影响。结果显示,随着压力升高,蒽的荧光峰并未发生漂移,但是荧光强度发生了显著变化。峰位置为250/382 nm的荧光峰在60 MPa时荧光强度达到最大值,相较于常压下,荧光强度增加了13.6%。其他多环芳烃的加入会改变蒽的高压荧光特性,当蒽中加入了萘,峰位置为250/382 nm的荧光峰强度在10 MPa时达到最大值,相较于常压下,荧光强度增加了9.35%。  相似文献   

7.
多环芳烃为优先控制污染物,但是由于其含量很低,多组分多环芳烃荧光峰相互重叠,所以常规荧光光谱法无法对其荧光峰进行有效解析。采用二维荧光相关分析方法对三种多环芳烃,蒽、菲和芘的混合溶液进行荧光峰解析。根据研究目标,按照三种多环芳烃浓度比的不同配制了三种混合物体系,共27个样本,每种体系的三种溶液浓度彼此间按规律递增和递减。在此基础上,以浓度为外扰,构建了各体系的同步和异步二维荧光相关谱。同步谱中,在425,402,381,373,365,393及347nm处产生自相关峰。以未被覆盖的菲在347nm处荧光峰为线索,通过其与各波长处荧光交叉峰的正负,判断出了402,381,425和452nm处荧光峰源于混合溶液中的蒽;373与393nm处荧光峰源于混合溶液中的芘;365,356及347nm处荧光峰源于混合溶液中的菲。通过异步谱解析出菲的385nm处荧光峰,证明了异步谱比同步谱具有更好的光谱分辨率。研究结果表明,采用二维荧光相关方法对光谱严重重叠的多组分多环芳烃的解析是可行的,并具有一定的优势,可推广到对环境中其他污染物质的检测。  相似文献   

8.
多环芳烃(PAHs)具有强致癌性,威胁人类身体健康。在复杂水质检测环境中,利用荧光光谱检测PAHs浓度时,由于测量光谱中存在瑞利散射影响,使得PAHs光谱信号包含明显的非平稳噪声,常用的多次采样求均值法容易使PAHs光谱存在明显的测量误差,导致PAHs检测精度下降。为此,提出了一种基于3D荧光光谱分析和多维偏最小二乘(N-PLS)的PAHs浓度优化检测方法,首先分析了菲、芴、苊与荧蒽4种PAHs溶液的光谱特性,通过拟合散射带数据点值消除光谱中的瑞利散射噪声,同时尽可能地保留原光谱信息。提取4种PAHs光谱的均值、方差和一维边际分布等特征参数,利用聚类分析方法对其光谱数据做样本分类,将相似光谱数据样本进行合并;然后根据校正集的光谱信号与不同PAHs浓度之间的关系,建立N-PLS模型,对各类PAHs的浓度进行预测分析,并且验证PAHs浓度与光谱数据荧光强度的关系;最后利用双线性分解对浓度残差进行修正,对含有各类PAHs的水溶液与实际水样进行浓度残差验证,分析了不同参数下PAHs的预测误差。实验结果表明,溶剂菲有2个明显的荧光峰值,激发与发射波长分别为285/245和315/345 nm;芴与荧蒽均存在6个明显的荧光特征峰值,分别为265/255,325/345,335/325,365/355,385/395和405/415 nm,且与其他PAHs的荧光峰值相距较远; 溶液苊在发射波长300~485 nm的范围内存在连续波峰,且对应激发波长在255~360 nm范围内;N-PLS方法对不同水质环境下的PAHs预测误差较小,其中菲与芴均方根误差均小于0.4 μg·L-1,相对误差小于6%,苊与荧蒽均方根误差均小于1.0 μg·L-1,相对误差均小于9%。对4种不同的PAHs在河流中的扩散趋势进行了仿真分析,确定出了其扩散程度,其中芴与菲扩散速率约为51 mg·L-1,苊与荧蒽扩散速率为21 mg·L-1,且扩散速率在一定范围内呈线性增长趋势,PAHs与其浓度之间符合朗伯比尔定律的线性关系; 通过不同迭代次数下N-PLS方法的均方根误差分析,得到了均方根误差精度最高时的迭代次数;对比了不同主因子数时N-PLS方法对PAHs预测的适应度与相关系数,结果表明当主因子数为3时,适应度可达96.5%,此时N-PLS预测模型效果最佳。相比其他检测方法,本文方法检测精度较高,回收率较好,具有较强的鲁棒性。  相似文献   

9.
采用FS920荧光光谱仪分析了苯并[k]荧蒽(BkF)、苯并[b]荧蒽(BbF)和两者混合物的荧光特性.结果表明BkF的两个荧光峰分别位于306 nm/405 nm和306 nm/430 nm,BbF的两个荧光峰分别位于306 nm/410nm和306 nm/435 nm.BkF和BbF不同浓度配比及其相互间的荧光干扰,使得混合物荧光特性差异较大,荧光强度和浓度间关系变得复杂.为准确测定混合物中BkF和BbF的浓度,采用递阶算法优化的径向基神经网络对其进行检测,结果表明BkF和BbF的平均回收率分别为98.45%和97.71%.该方法能够实现多环芳烃类污染物共存成分的识别和浓度预测.  相似文献   

10.
为了明确油包裹体中芳烃组分与显微荧光光谱的关系,基于石油的荧光性,利用单个包裹体组分无损分析荧光光谱方法,对松辽盆地齐家地区高台子储层油包裹体荧光光谱进行了定量化描述,首先获取了储层油包裹体荧光颜色种类,然后获得了单个油包裹体荧光光谱图,并对比标准芳烃在365 nm单色光激发下的荧光光谱主峰波长特征值,最终划分了油气充注幕次及不同幕次油包裹体芳烃组分类型。结果表明:储层见发黄色、黄绿色、蓝绿色3种荧光的油包裹体,代表了不同成熟度油气充注。油包裹体中芳烃组分主要有并四苯、十环烯、苯并菲,其次含有胆蒽,并含有少量的并五苯和红荧烯;其中,第1幕油包裹体芳烃组分是:并五苯、并四苯、红荧烯、十环烯;第2幕油包裹体芳烃组分主要有并四苯、十环烯、苯并菲,以及少量的红荧烯;第3幕油包裹体芳烃组分主要有并四苯、十环烯、苯并菲,其次是胆蒽。从芳烃组分类型来看,第1幕与第2、第3幕油包裹体相比较,大分子量芳烃含量多,表现出低等成熟度;第2、第3幕油包裹体小分子芳烃类型多,表现出中等成熟度。储层油包裹体总体表现出小分子量芳烃少,大分子量芳烃多,说明原油被包裹体捕获前经历过生物降解和水洗作用,捕获后经历过热侵变作用,储层包裹体中原油主要以低成熟-中等成熟度原油为主。最后拟定了油包裹体荧光光谱特征与芳烃组分关系,为原油芳烃组分类型及成熟度研究提供了依据。  相似文献   

11.
The interaction of acenaphthene, anthracene, and phenanthrene with cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) was studied. The CPB acts as a quencher provoking inhibition of fluorescence intensity emitted by these hydrocarbons. The existing differences in the fluorescence inhibition for these PAHs allow us to develop a selective synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of acenaphthene in a CPB micellar medium, with a detection limit of 9.2 and 10.4 ng ml-1 for Δλ = 10 and 40 nm, respectively. The method was applied to the selective determination of acenaphthene in mixtures of typical three-ring hydrocarbons, including anthracene, phenanthrene, and fluorene.  相似文献   

12.
A simple and rapid method has been developed to detect the nucleic acid–based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a probe by the amplified resonance light scattering signals of DNA hybridization. Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including naphthalene, pyrene, fluoranthene, anthracene, and phenanthrene, particularly naphthalene, with double-stranded DNA and single-stranded DNA in aqueous solution were investigated. Through amplified resonance light scattering signals, the complementary and mismatched sequences of DNA can be both detected and identified easily. Mechanism investigations by multiple spectra have shown that groove binding occurs between PAHs and double-stranded DNA.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Spectroscopy Letters to view the supplemental file.  相似文献   


13.
High density excitation effects on fluorescence were studied for the crystals of fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[g, h, i]perylene, pyrene and pyrene-d10 and also for the crystal of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB)-hexamethylbenzene (HMB) complex. Relative fluorescence intensity in the shorter wavelength region decreased with increasing excitation density (for chrysene, fluoranthene, and benzo[g, h, i]perylene), and the vibrational structure became diffuse at high density excitation (for fluoranthene and chrysene). The rate constants of the bimolecular quenching and exciton migration were obtained by analysis of the fluorescence decay curves at high density excitation for chrysene, pyrene, pyrene-d10, and TCNB-HMB. The exciton hopping rates at 295 K were 2.4 × 1010 s?1 in chrysene and 7.9 × 108s?1 in TCNB-HMB. The differences in the rate between chrysene and fluoranthene (2.2 × 109s?1) and between TCNB-HMB and TCNB-durene (4.2 × 109s?1) are discussed in terms of the coupling intensity between two neighboring oscillators accompanying the transition between ground and the lowest excited singlet state. The difference in the rate and activation energy of exciton migration between pyrene and pyrene-d10 corresponded to a quasilocalized exciton model.  相似文献   

14.
传统荧光光谱技术已被用于土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的检测,但由于土壤体系的复杂性、PAHs污染物的多样化和微量化,传统的荧光光谱技术无法有效提取土壤中PAHs的特征信息。为了解决上述问题,提出并建立一种基于二维相关荧光谱土壤中多环芳烃的检测方法。以土壤中典型的多环芳烃蒽和菲为研究对象,配置38个蒽菲混合标准土壤样品(蒽和菲的浓度范围均为0.000 5~0.01 g·g-1),在激发波长265~340 nm,发射波长350~500 nm范围内采集了所有样品的三维荧光谱。以激发波长为外扰,对外扰变化的动态一维荧光谱进行相关计算,得到每一样品的同步二维相关荧光谱。研究了浓度均为0.005 g·g-1蒽菲混合土壤样品的三维荧光谱和同步二维相关荧光谱特性,在同步谱主对角线398,419,444和484 nm处存在自相关峰,其中,398和484 nm荧光峰来自土壤中的菲,419和444 nm荧光峰来自土壤中的蒽;在主对角线外侧,蒽和菲两组荧光峰之间存在负的交叉峰,进一步验证了其来源不同;同时,在(408,434) nm和(434,467) nm处出现交叉峰,其中408和434 nm荧光峰来自土壤中的菲,467 nm荧光峰来自土壤中的蒽。指出与三维荧光谱表征的信息相比,二维相关荧光谱不仅能提取更多的特征信息(408和467 nm的特征峰在三维荧光谱中未被表征),而且还能提供荧光峰之间的相互关系,对其来源进行有效解析。在上述研究二维相关荧光谱特性的基础上,基于同步相关谱矩阵(38×151×151)建立了定量分析土壤中蒽和菲污染物浓度的多维偏最小二乘(N-PLS)模型,对蒽的校正和预测相关系数分别为0.986和0.985,校正均方根误差(RMSEC)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为4.33×10-4和5.55×10-4 g·g-1;对菲的校正和预测相关系数分别为0.981和0.984,RMSEC和RMSEP分别为5.20×10-4和4.80×10-4 g·g-1。为了比较,基于三维荧光光谱矩阵(38×16×151)建立了定量了分析土壤中蒽和菲的N-PLS模型,对蒽的校正和预测相关系数分别为0.981和0.972,RMSEC和RMSEP分别为5.09×10-4和6.74×10-4 g·g-1;对菲的校正和预测相关系数分别为0.957和0.956,RMSEC和RMSEP分别为7.36×10-4和7.77×10-4 g·g-1。指出,对于土壤中的蒽和菲检测,基于二维相关荧光谱的N-PLS模型的相关系数r,RMSEC和RMSEP都要优于基于三维荧光谱的N-PLS模型。研究结果表明:所提出和建立的方法-二维相关荧光谱直接检测土壤中PAHs污染物不仅可行,而且能提供更好的分析结果。该研究为激光诱导荧光结合相关谱技术现场直接检测土壤中多环芳烃污染物提供了理论和实验基础,具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

15.
合成了海胆状金银复合纳米材料,并与球形金纳米材料混合作为表面增强拉曼活性基底实现了对水中高环多环芳烃的痕量检测。对海胆状材料进行表征,粒径大小约为300~400 nm,表面有40~100nm明显的刺状凸起。与球形金溶胶混合后并优化pH值及混合比例等参数,产生了优于球形金溶胶2~3倍的增强效果。利用此增强基底检测了危害严重的高环多环芳烃污染物——芘(四环)、苯并蒽(四环)、苯并芘(五环),得到的光谱数据反映出混合SERS基底有良好的重复性和稳定性,对测得光谱进行特征峰归属分析,固体拉曼光谱与水溶液SERS光谱有确定的对应关系,并且在低浓度范围多环芳烃特征峰峰强与其水溶液浓度有良好的线性关系。经计算,芘(四环)、苯并蒽(四环)、苯并芘(五环)的检测限分别为0.44,2.92和1.64 nmol·L~(-1)。该研究的创新点为合成了海胆金纳米颗粒,与球形金溶胶混合后制成新型高效SERS检测基底;选用自制高效SERS基底,实现了高环PAHs痕量检测。结果表明,利用该方法制备的活性基底,可实现对水中高环多环芳烃的痕量检测,为检测水中高环多环芳烃提供了实验室依据。  相似文献   

16.
The processes of nondissociative resonant attachment and autodetachment of electrons in a number of poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules have been investigated by mass spectrometry. Long-lived negative molecular ions of phenanthrene and triphenylene have not been observed. Such ions have been detected for anthracene, pyrene, and benzo[e]pyrene capturing thermal electrons. Negative molecular ions of tetracene and pentacene have also been observed up to 2.5–3 eV. The lifetimes of these ions with respect to the auto-detachment of an electron have been measured throughout the energy range where they are observed. This lifetime for tetracene and pentacene is more than 10 ms, which is two or three orders of magnitude larger than that for remaining compounds. Correlation between the lifetime of ions and the electron affinity of the molecules has been revealed.  相似文献   

17.
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a vast class of organic compounds. Many PAHs show carcinogenic effects, which in general are strongly dependent on their molecular structure. Hence, some, even structurally strongly related, PAHs may show a large difference in carcinogenicity. Low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy of PAHs embedded in a polycrystalline n-alkane matrix (or Shpol'skii matrix) is a powerful technique to identify trace amounts of PAHs in complex samples. The fluorescence spectra show vibrational resolution, so that even very similar isomers can be discerned. Since the Shpol'skii effect is matrix-induced, both the fluorescence emission and excitation spectra display narrow lines, so that a maximum of information can be obtained via the application of fluorescence excitation–emission matrices. To demonstrate the possibilities of high-resolution excitation–emission matrices (HREEMs), a marine sediment sample has been investigated, containing, among others, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[k]fluoranthene, PAHs with very similar spectral features, but the former being a notorious carcinogenic compound. The two PAHs could be clearly distinguished in the HREEM. Subsequently, a comprehensive set of data was obtained with a multitude of combinations of excitation and emission wavelengths, which allows for the screening of many PAHs, including all priority pollutants, in one analysis step. A simpler and also highly informative screening method, which can be applied over a wide wavelength region, is that of synchronous scanning: the fluorescence signal is obtained by scanning the excitation and emission monochromators simultaneously. When a fixed wavenumber difference is maintained during the scan, the screening can be done based on structural characteristics of the molecules of interest. High-resolution constant-energy fluorescence (CESF) spectroscopy also has been applied to acquire vibrationally resolved spectra for PAHs in the marine sediment sample. When a relatively small energy difference (<800 cm–1) is applied between excitation and emission wavelength, simple CESF spectra are obtained, which allow for rapid and specific screening of PAHs. Larger energy differences lead to more complex spectra, with spectral features showing up due to various combinations of vibronic excitation and vibronic emission of the same molecule.  相似文献   

18.
In a birefringent host crystal, the spontaneous emission rate of zero-phonon line of a single-impurity molecule depends on the angles between the transition dipole moment and the principal axes of the dielectric (permittivity) tensor and also on the main dielectric constants of a host crystal. In this paper, the spontaneous emission rate of the electric quadrupole transition of a single-impurity molecule is calculated for uniaxial host crystals with the ordinary reflective indices no=1.5, 2, 3 and a variable extraordinary reflective index, and for seven biaxial host crystals (anthracene, chrysene, diphenyl, fluorine, naphthalene, phenanthrene, terphenyl). For the above-mentioned biaxial crystals, differences in the values of spontaneous emission rate of the quadrupole transition in the same host crystal are up to 11%.  相似文献   

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