基于多结构元素形态滤波与自适应阈值分割相结合的红外弱小目标检测

针对低信噪比灰度图像中弱小目标检测的难题,分析了红外弱小目标成像的特点,提出了基于多结构元素形态滤波与自适应阈值分割相结合的目标检测算法.利用目标运动的连续性、规律性和噪音产生的随机性,结合数学形态学结构元素的特点,研究了一种多结构元素形态滤波的管道滤波方法,通过流水线管道检测目标运动轨迹.实验结果表明,该算法应用于复...     

红外搜索系统中弱小目标检测算法研究

 复杂背景下低信噪比弱小目标的检测是红外搜索系统中的重点和难点,为解决红外搜索系统中杂波干扰多、目标信噪比低等问题,提出一种模板匹配滤波的目标检测方法。该算法在预测背景的同时,通过对图像背景灰度值进行动态的阈值处理,自适应地进行背景抑制。当背景包含较多复杂因素时,采用模板匹配滤波的目标检测方法,消除背景抑制后的残留杂波,实现弱小目标的提取。试验结果表明：当场景较复杂且图像信噪比较低时,使用该算法处理后可使图像信噪比达到4 dB以上,从而提高了弱小目标的检测概率。     

基于多特征融合的复杂背景下弱小多目标检测和跟踪算法

针对红外弱小多目标的检测和跟踪难题,提出一种基于多特征融合的复杂背景下弱小多目标检测和跟踪算法.融合红外弱小运动目标的灰度特征、梯度特征、运动特征等多个典型特性,进行复杂背景下弱小多目标的检测和跟踪.实验证明:该算法应用于复杂背景下低信噪比的红外弱小多目标图像序列能得到较理想的结果,算法检测概率高、检测速度快、具有较强鲁棒性.     

复杂背景下红外弱小目标检测算法研究

复杂背景下低信噪比弱小目标的检测是红外预警系统中的重点和难点。为解决红外图像中杂波干扰多、目标信噪比低等问题,提出一种非线性空间滤波的目标检测方法。该算法在传统线性空间滤波算法的基础上,通过对预测点周围4个象限的背景灰度值进行计算,并动态地调节阈值,以达到突出小目标的目的。试验结果表明:当背景包含较多复杂因素时,采用非线性空间滤波的检测方法可有效地抑制杂波,实现弱小目标的提取,与线性滤波算法结果相比较,虚警数降低了3/4,且易于工程实现。     

强杂波背景红外弱小目标检测算法

针对强杂波背景远距离红外弱小信号目标的特点,提出了一种基于自适应滤波的红外弱小信号检测方法。算法首先对图像进行消噪声处理,其次运用自适应滤波方式消除背景增强目标信号,最后进行基于点源目标(试验采集)成像信号特性的判决法则删除虚假目标,算法有效解决了光电探测设备高检测概率与低虚警率的矛盾。实验结果表明:该方法能够在单帧图像上有效提取出小区域信噪比为4的弱小信号目标,检测概率不低于0.75,虚警率不高于1次/100帧。     

基于相关滤波器的红外弱小目标检测算法EI北大核心CSCD

针对复杂背景下红外图像中低信噪比弱小目标实时检测问题,提出一种基于相关滤波器的红外弱小目标检测算法。该算法将红外目标检测转化为模式分类问题,在离线训练阶段,利用二维高斯模型构造红外小目标训练集,在此基础上训练得到对目标背景具有区分能力的相关滤波器,在线检测阶段,利用滤波器对图像分块进行滤波操作,目标和背景的滤波响应有着显著的差异,最后生成整幅图像的滤波响应置信图以此来判断图像中是否包含目标及其具体位置。在单帧单目标图像、序列图像多目标检测实验结果表明,与经典检测算法相比,所提方法不仅具有更高检测性能,有效降低了虚警概率,而且具有较好的实时性,适用于复杂背景条件下弱小目标的实时检测。     

基于双边滤波的弱小目标背景抑制

 为解决红外弱小目标检测技术中结构化背景抑制的难题,利用双边滤波集成了图像几何、光度和局部结构相似性等信息并以非迭代、局部操作的优点,提出了一种基于双边滤波的红外弱小目标背景抑制算法,并引入了局部梯度的统计特性来抑制背景细节、增强目标信息,从而达到更好抑制图像中的背景,突出目标图像,提高图像整体对比度、信噪比的目的。实验结果显示,与小波滤波算法比较,该算法对含有弱小目标的复杂背景从主观视觉和数值指标都具有良好抑制效果。     

复杂天空背景下的红外弱小目标检测算法研究

为了提高单帧红外图像的检测概率,稳定检测到图像序列中的弱小目标,基于改进的双边滤波与多项式拟合,提出了一种复杂天空背景下的红外弱小目标检测算法。在传统双边滤波算法的权值系数中引入背景相关度因子,有效降低了背景抑制时目标点的影响,提高了目标区域的信噪比以及单帧图像的检测率。为了进一步剔除虚假目标,基于融合目标运动特征,对目标点进行多帧确认。针对序列检测中目标闪烁造成的目标漏检,引入多项式拟合算法对下一帧目标位置进行预测,有效避免了目标轨迹截断的问题。实验结果表明,在信噪比小于2的情况下,该算法能够稳定检测到复杂天空背景下的弱小目标轨迹。     

基于相关滤波器的红外弱小目标检测算法

针对复杂背景下红外图像中低信噪比弱小目标实时检测问题,提出一种基于相关滤波器的红外弱小目标检测算法。该算法将红外目标检测转化为模式分类问题,在离线训练阶段,利用二维高斯模型构造红外小目标训练集,在此基础上训练得到对目标背景具有区分能力的相关滤波器,在线检测阶段,利用滤波器对图像分块进行滤波操作,目标和背景的滤波响应有着显著的差异,最后生成整幅图像的滤波响应置信图以此来判断图像中是否包含目标及其具体位置。在单帧单目标图像、序列图像多目标检测实验结果表明,与经典检测算法相比,所提方法不仅具有更高检测性能,有效降低了虚警概率,而且具有较好的实时性,适用于复杂背景条件下弱小目标的实时检测。     

一种基于背景预测及小波变换的红外弱小目标检测方法

提出了一种新的红外弱小目标检测方法,在对红外图像进行背景预测的基础上,对残差图像采用小波变换方法增加对弱小目标的检测率,有效地提高了检测算法对低信噪比红外图像中弱小目标的检测性能。通过实测的星图数据与传统方法进行了对比和分析,证明了该方法适用于非平稳背景中低信噪比目标的检测。     

Detection of infrared small target based on fusion of multi-filters北大核心CSCD

Aiming at solving accuracy problem of infrared small target detection in sky and ocean background scenarios of infrared image sequences, a novel infrared small target detection based on multi-filters algorithm fusion method is presented in this paper. Firstly infrared small target and imaging, time and space characteristics of the corresponding background noise are analyzed. Tophat algorithm with improved Robinson guard filter are then integrated to highlight target and suppress clutter background by using infrared small target imaging features. Adaptive threshold segmentation is used to extract candidate targets, while Unger smoothing filter and multi-objects association filter are used to eliminate random noise and false targets in the candidate targets. Multiple experiments of infrared small target image sequences are implemented, and experimental results show that proposed method can detect infrared small targets at 99% detection rate with high reliability and good real-time performance. © 2017, Editorial Board, Journal of Applied Optics. All right reserved.     

基于光流直方图的云背景下低帧频小目标探测方法

对低帧频、云层背景下,低信噪比的弱点目标探测率降低的问题.提出了光流直方图(OFH)的定义.并且给出了OFH的性质.分析了低帧频下红外图像探测弱点目标时探测率降低的原凶,提出了一种基于OFH背景补偿的红外点目标探测算法.利用OFH得到背景的运动欠量.进行运动背景补偿;然后利用目标与云层运动差异性,得到帧间比较结果,并对比较结果通过Robinson滤波器进一步滤除残留的边缘,达到降低虚警的目的.实验结果表明,该算法中以显著提高往复杂背景下红外点目标检测概率,并凡能够探测出信噪比为1的目标.     

An improved infrared dim and small target detection algorithm based on the contrast mechanism of human visual system

To achieve higher detection rate and lower false alarm rate in dim and small target detection, this paper proposed an improved algorithm based on the contrast mechanism of human visual system (HVS) for infrared small target detection in an image with complicated background. According to the contrast mechanism of HVS, Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter is exploited to deal with the input image, which can not only suppress the background noise and clutter but also enhances the target intensity significantly. As a result it increases the contrast ratio between target and background. To further eliminate residual clutter, we process the filtered image with morphological method in all directions. True target is finally obtained by applying local thresholding segmentation to the pre-processed image. Experimental results demonstrate its superior and reliable detection performance by high detection rate and low false alarm rate.     

层次卷积滤波红外弱小目标检测方法

针对单帧复杂背景红外图像点目标检测算法存在复杂背景下处理效果不理想、处理时间长的问题,提出了一种层次卷积滤波检测算法。主要分为两个部分：第一,根据红外小目标特性,设计一种层次卷积滤波的算子,对图像进行滤波处理,实现图像中小目标的增效和背景抑制的效果;第二,采用基于最大值的自适应阈值方法,对图像进行二值化操作,过滤背景杂波,最终提取到待检测的目标。在大量不同背景红外图像中进行实验,论文算法在背景抑制因子和信噪比增益的性能量化结果上优于现有5种典型红外弱小目标检测算法的性能结果,且平均处理时间仅为高斯拉普拉斯（Laplacian of Gaussian,LoG）滤波算法的30.42%。通过实验对比,表明该层次卷积滤波算法可以有效解决在不同复杂背景下的红外图像中对小目标检测的问题。     

A novel spatial–temporal detection method of dim infrared moving small target

Moving small target detection under complex background in infrared image sequence is one of the major challenges of modern military in Early Warning Systems (EWS) and the use of Long-Range Strike (LRS). However, because of the low SNR and undulating background, the infrared moving small target detection is a difficult problem in a long time. To solve this problem, a novel spatial–temporal detection method based on bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and time-domain difference is proposed in this paper. This method is downright self-data decomposition and do not rely on any transition kernel function, so it has a strong adaptive capacity. Firstly, we generalized the 1D EMD algorithm to the 2D case. In this process, the project has solved serial issues in 2D EMD, such as large amount of data operations, define and identify extrema in 2D case, and two-dimensional signal boundary corrosion. The EMD algorithm studied in this project can be well adapted to the automatic detection of small targets under low SNR and complex background. Secondly, considering the characteristics of moving target, we proposed an improved filtering method based on three-frame difference on basis of the original difference filtering in time-domain, which greatly improves the ability of anti-jamming algorithm. Finally, we proposed a new time–space fusion method based on a combined processing of 2D EMD and improved time-domain differential filtering. And, experimental results show that this method works well in infrared small moving target detection under low SNR and complex background.     

基于分块速度域改进迭代运动目标检测算法的红外弱小目标检测

提出一种基于分块速度域的迭代红外运动目标检测算法来解决传统算法计算量巨大这一难题.首先,采用二维最小均方差滤波器对红外序列图像进行滤波,获得包含弱小目标以及残差的红外序列图像.然后,通过在序列图像块的速度域上应用改进的迭代运动目标检测算法进行能量累积,从而将弱小目标的运动速度在速度域进行累积增强,达到检测弱小运动目标的目的.最后在解算出的速度值附近进行搜索,得到弱小目标运动的精确速度.利用此速度进行空域能量累积,得到叠加图像,在此图上进行目标检测.与传统方法相比较,几组实验结果显示,本文提出的方法大大缩短了检测的时间,而且本文方法的检测效果也较好.     

Prediction of the performance of an algorithm for the detection of small targets in infrared images

Detection of small targets in infrared (IR) images is important in IR image processing. For the prediction of performance of a detection algorithm, it is necessary to calculate the probability of detection and probability of false alarm. A method is developed to calculate the probabilities in this paper. The detection is divided into two parts: the first part, which is called pre-detection, is to find out candidates for targets in a single frame of an image; and the second part is to localize the target in multiple frames of the image. Under some assumptions, the pre-detection probability, the false detection probability of single frame, detection probability and false alarm probability are derived. The algorithm for the detection of small target in IR image, which is used for the derivation of the probabilities, is contrast threshold detection based on background prediction, and a pipeline filter is used for multiframe image processing. The results show the relationship of the probabilities to the contrast of target to background, SNR, and contrast threshold.     

Principal curvature for infrared small target detection

Small target detection in infrared image with complex background and low signal–noise ratio is an important and difficult task in the infrared target tracking system. In this paper, a principal curvature-based method is proposed. The principal curvatures of target pixels are negative and their absolute values are larger than that of background pixels and noise pixels in a Gaussian-blurred infrared image. The proposed filter takes a composite function of the curvatures for detection. An approximate model is also built for optimizing the parameters. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable for infrared small target detection in complex background. Compared with several popular methods, the proposed algorithm demonstrates significant improvement on detection performance in terms of the parameters of signal clutter ratio gain, background suppression factor and ROC.     

基于区域奇异性滤波的小目标检测

针对复杂背景下红外运动小目标的检测和跟踪存在的难点,提出了基于SUSAN检测思想的滤波方法。该方法是通过构建局部区域的奇异性函数来计算奇异度的,并借鉴Wiener滤波的思想,由最小绝对差确定出灰度差阈值。该滤波方法达到了抑制背景、提高信噪比的目的。     

基于改进遗传算法优化的形态学修正TOP-HAT滤波器设计方法

针对红外序列图像中运动弱小点目标的检测问题,设计了一种基于改进遗传算法优化的修正Top-Hat形态学滤波器算子。其中,优化的修正Top-Hat形态学滤波器可以很好地抑制背景和噪声的影响;改进遗传算法采用新的区间离散化编码和自适应的主次式交叉与变异算子,通过优化搜索全局空间得到的形态学滤波器参量具有较好的滤波性及时效性。并且针对不同信噪比的点目标检测建立了自适应门限。实测数据的处理结果表明:在虚警概率小于5%情况下,优化的修正Top-Hat形态学滤波器算子对信噪比约为2的复杂图像检测概率大于等于70%,与固定结构元素的Top-Hat形态学滤波器相比检测概率提高了近10%,与用经典遗传算法训练的传统Top-Hat形态学滤波器相比检测概率提高了4%。