光子晶体线缺陷波导中的折射率相位移调制增强效应

在传统的基于全内反射原理的低折射率比介质波导所构建的相位移调制型光学器件中,调制区域的长度通常在毫米到厘米量级.由于器件横向尺寸保持在微米量级,因此狭长结构成为了传统光波导器件的典型特征,这限制了光学器件集成度的提高,严重制约了集成光路的进一步发展.光子晶体的出现为高密集成光路的发展提供了一条新的途径.本文使用平面波展...     

基于光子晶体马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的太赫兹开关及强度调制器

通过对二维正方晶格光子晶体线缺陷模色散曲线慢光特性的研究, 利用外电场对液晶分子取向的调控作用, 在填充液晶的正方晶格波导的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪结构中实现了开关和强度调制等功能. 利用平面波展开法计算了光子晶体波导的线缺陷模, 分析了液晶折射率的变化对缺陷模的影响. 计算表明, 液晶折射率仅改变了0.1, 线缺陷模有效折射率改变达0.168, 该特性可以更为有效地实现对相位的控制, 进而实现高消光比开关和强度调制功能, 这种高效的相位调节器件在集成光系统中将有很好的应用前景.     

二维硅基平板光子晶体器件

硅材料在红外通讯波段具有低损耗和高折射率的特性,使得其成为集成光学领域中应用最广的材料之一.主要介绍了本课题组在二维硅基平板光子晶体中实现微纳尺度上光调控的研究进展,讨论了利用光子晶体的缺陷态实现各种集成光学器件,包括光子晶体波导、微腔和利用光子晶体波导和微腔形成的滤波器.还介绍了光子晶体中特殊的光折射现象,包括红外波...     

二维正方晶格光子晶体三光波导方向耦合器

光子晶体是以介电常数呈周期性排布且在光波长量级构建的人工微结构,利用其具有光子禁带这一特性可实现对光子的控制。引入线缺陷可形成光子晶体波导。以1.55μm的TE偏振光作为光源,用时域有限差分法计算并分析了二维正方晶格光子晶体三光波导方向耦合器在不同波导间距下的耦合长度及耦合效率分别与介质柱折射率和介质柱半径的变化关系。研究结果为1.55μm耦合器的结构设计及制备提供一定的理论指导。     

纳米集成光路中的光源、光波导和光增强

使用近场光学显微术(scanning near-field optical microscopy, SNOM)研究了ZnO亚微米线端面出射性质,不同空间形貌Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体荧光器件光波导特性,二维光子晶体、准晶光子晶体对LED的出射增强作用以及表面等离激元(surface plasmon polariton, SPP)与半导体纳米荧光器件的相互作用,对纳米集成光路中的光源、光波导、光增强三个重要问题做了实验和理论上的分析.研究发现半导体微纳米线端面出射光束的质量与样品的直径有密切关系.通过合理地设计其直径和 关键词： 纳米集成光路 扫描近场光学显微术 光波导 光增强     

温度对液晶填充光子晶体光纤传输特性的影响

利用液晶的折射率是温度和波长函数的特性,在光子晶体光纤(PCF)芯区的空气柱中填充向列相液晶,通过改变温度来改变液晶的折射率,构成了一种温度凋制光子晶体光纤.用阶跃有效折射率模型研究了温度对这种光子晶体光纤在不同光波长时传输特性的影响,并进行了数值计算.结果表明液晶填充使光子晶体光纤的色散减小,由于折射率对温度和波长变化敏感,改变温度可以使光纤在长波长区域出现单模传输,在短波长时不会出现单模传输,即使包层相对孔径很小也不会出现无截止单模传输.温度升高使光纤的色散值增大,零色散波长向短波长方向移动.这些特性对温度调制光子晶体光纤器件的设计和应用具有一定的参考意义.     

耦合腔光子晶体慢光波导结构

在单线缺陷结构中引入两个附加的相邻介质柱,构成一种新型的光子晶体耦合腔波导结构.通过平面波展开法对波导结构的的慢光特性进行了仿真分析,研究了平移线缺陷上下两侧介质柱,以及改变腔体的长度对器件色散特性和群速度的影响.结果表明:与平移缺陷上下两侧介质柱相比,通过改变腔体的长度,不仅可将光群速度低到0.03c(c为真空下的光速),而且器件的有效波长范围接近20nm.利用时域有限差分法得到波导结构的传输场分布图,研究波长的选取对入射激励光在光子晶体耦合腔波导中传输场的影响,发现结构参量优化后的光子晶体耦合腔波导仍然具有良好的传输特性.     

光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关

以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行平行的单模线缺陷波导,以一行耦合介质柱为间距,通过调节部分耦合介质柱的折射率,构筑了光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关结构。利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合介质柱的折射率不同时的耦合长度,确定了合适的光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关的结构参数。利用时域有限差分法研究了该光开关中耦合介质柱的折射率变化及异质结构介质柱的位置分布对光信号输出路径的影响。结果表明,通过改变该结构中耦合介质柱的折射率可以改变光的输出路径,可实现光的开关行为。并且异质结构介质柱位置的随机分布对该光开关的影响不大,有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器以及光开关等光子器件的研究。     

光子晶体耦合波导实现光开关效应的研究

提出了一种基于光子晶体耦合波导实现光开关效应的方法:将线缺陷引入二维光子晶体以形成两平行的邻近波导,两邻近波导及其中间的两排介质柱构成了光开关模型耦合区;利用平面波展开法计算了不同介质填充率情况下的色散特性.结果发现:减小介质填充率可以实现波导耦合长度的减小;分段调整中间介质柱的填充率和选择不同的耦合搭配长度,定向耦合...     

二维三角格光子晶体等效非线性折射率系数研究

考虑光子晶体中场局域效应,在等效介质理论的基础上利用场平均法得到二维三角格光子晶体的等效折射率.该折射率与平面波展开法得到的结果非常吻合.考虑慢光效应对非线性效应的增强,引入慢光增强因子得到该光子晶体的等效非线性折射率系数.该光子晶体的等效非线性折射率系数表现出强烈的色散效应,即随归一化频率的增加而逐渐减小,达到最小值后迅速递增,体现了场局域效应和慢光效应对光子晶体中非线性效应的共同作用.本文研究对利用人工微结构调控光学非线性效应具有一定参考价值.     

Novel optical modulator using silicon photonic crystals

We propose a novel compact and integrated optical modulator, which consists of p–i–n silicon photonic crystals with triangular lattice and a line defect waveguide. The device operation is based on a dynamic shift of the photonic band gap (PBG), which induced change in the silicon refractive index by the free carrier injection. We have numerically analyzed and investigated its light modulation performance by using plane wave expansion (PWE) method and finite-difference time-domain method. With small size, rapid response time and high extinct ratio, the designed optical modulator can be used in photonic integrated circuits.     

光子晶体波导定向耦合型1×3光分束器

将五光子晶体单模波导平行、邻近放置构成定向耦合器,依据自映像原理,数值分析了输入光场对称入射时,该系统中光的传播行为.基于此结构,设计了1×3光分束器,其器件长度可短至14.26μm.仅仅通过对称地改变耦合区中两个介质柱的有效折射率,使光场在横向发生重新分布,便可实现输出能量的均分或自由分配.通过非对称地改变耦合区中的一个介质柱,可实现3个输出端的输出能量的自由分配.该光分束器具有微小尺寸和各输出端输出能量的比例可自由调制的特点,在未来集成光回路中具有广泛的应用价值.     

基于耦合介质纳米线的深亚波长局域波导

提出了一种基于耦合介质纳米线的深亚波长局域波导,通过两根紧邻的高折射率介质纳米线的耦合,该波导可以将光场有效束缚在纳米线之间的低折射率纳米缝隙中. 计算模拟的结果表明,该波导的有效模场面积达到Λ²₀/200,比单根纳米线波导小一个数量级,这种深亚波长的模场束缚能力可以与表面等离激元混合波导相比拟. 计算模拟的结果还表明,纳米线可能带有的低折射率氧化膜、低折射率衬底的存在、以及纳米线间尺寸存在的一定差异对于该波导结构的实际应用都不会产生很大 关键词： 介质波导 亚波长局域 表面等离激元波导 纳米线     

Asymmetric plasmonic-dielectric coupler with short coupling length, high extinction ratio, and low insertion loss

Asymmetric directional coupling between a hybrid plasmonic waveguide with subwavelength field confinement and a conventional dielectric waveguide is investigated. The proposed hybrid coupler features short coupling length, high coupling efficiency, high extinction ratio, and low insertion loss; it can also be integrated into a silicon-based platform. This coupler can be potentially adopted for signal routing between plasmonic waveguides and dielectric waveguides in photonic integrated circuits. Furthermore, it can be exploited to efficiently excite hybrid plasmonic modes with conventional dielectric modes.     

Characterization of a photonic strain sensor in silicon-on-insulator technology

Recently there has been growing interest in sensing by means of optical microring resonators in photonic integrated circuits that are fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Taillaert et al. [Proc. SPIE 6619, 661914 (2007)] proposed the use of a silicon-waveguide-based ring resonator as a strain gauge. However, the strong lateral confinement of the light in SOI waveguides and its corresponding modal dispersion where not taken into account. We present a theoretical understanding, as well as experimental results, of strain applied on waveguide-based microresonators, and find that the following effects play important roles: elongation of the racetrack length, modal dispersion of the waveguide, and the strain-induced change in effective refractive index.     

Subpicosecond pulse compression in nonlinear photonic crystal waveguides based on the formation of high-order optical solitons

We investigate by numerical simulation the compression of subpicosecond pulses in two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal (PC) waveguides. The compression originates from the generation of high-order optical solitons through the interplay of the huge group-velocity dispersion and the enhanced self-phase modulation in nonlinear PC waveguides.Both the formation of Bragg grating solitons and gap solitons can lead to efficient pulse compression. The compression factors under different excitation power densities and the optimum length for subpicosecond pulse compression have been determined. As a compressor, the total length of the nonlinear PC waveguide is only ten micrometres and therefore can be easily incorporated into PC integrated circuits.     

Multimodal and birefringence effects in magnetic photonic crystals

Photon trapping in magnetic photonic crystals leads to an enhanced Faraday rotation by increasing the optical path-length of the transmitted beam. The integration of these structures into on-chip photonic circuits, while advantageous from the point of view of component connectivity in multifunctional systems, faces several challenges. Photonic waveguide structures in magnetic films may support more than one mode depending on the waveguide thickness and refractive index. Differences in effective refractive indices between TE and TM modes engender phase disparities, thus hindering the Faraday response of the material. The effects of birefringence and multimodality on the performance of waveguide magnetic photonic crystals in magnetic garnets are addressed in paper. In particular, Faraday rotation enhancement in magnetophotonic crystals in the presence of waveguide birefringence and modal multiplicity on the photonic bandgap spectral response are discussed. Multiple stopbands and significant polarization rotation are observed in multimode Bi-substituted iron garnet film waveguides with single-defect photonic crystal structures. The photonic crystals for this study are patterned on ridge waveguide films by focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling.     

一种实现光子晶体波导定向耦合型多路光均分的新方法

将多光子晶体单模波导平行、邻近放置构成定向耦合器. 依据自映像原理,数值分析了输入光场对称入射时,该系统中光的传播行为. 基于此结构,以三、四通道为例,设计了超微多路光分束器,并仅通过对称地改变耦合区中两个介质柱的有效折射率,使光场在横向发生重新分布,实现了输出能量的均分或自由分配. 和已报道结果相比,此调制方法更为简单易行而且效率更高,并可以推广到具有更多输出通道的光分束器中,在未来的集成光回路中具有广泛的应用价值. 关键词： 光子晶体波导 定向耦合器 分束器 能量均分     

All-dielectric bowtie waveguide with deep subwavelength mode confinement

Plasmonic waveguides and conventional dielectric waveguides have favorable characteristics in photonic integrated circuits. Typically, plasmonic waveguides can provide subwavelength mode confinement, as shown by their small mode area, whereas conventional dielectric waveguides guide light with low loss, as shown by their long propagation length. However, the simultaneous achievement of subwavelength mode confinement and low-loss propagation remains limited. In this paper, we propose a novel design of an alldielectric bowtie waveguide, which simultaneously exhibits both subwavelength mode confinement and theoretically lossless propagation. Contrary to traditional dielectric waveguides, where the guidance of light is based on total internal reflection, the principle of the all-dielectric bowtie waveguide is based on the combined use of the conservation of the normal component of the electric displacement and the tangential component of the electric field, such that it can achieve a mode area comparable to its plasmonic counterparts. The mode distribution in the all-dielectric bowtie waveguide can be precisely controlled by manipulating the geometric design. Our work shows that it is possible to achieve extreme light confinement by using dielectric instead of lossy metals.     

Near-field measurement of amplitude and phase in silicon waveguides with liquid cladding

Heterodyne near-field scanning optical microscopy (H-NSOM) has proven useful as a tool for characterization of both amplitude and phase of on-chip photonic devices in air, but it has previously been unable to characterize devices with a dielectric overcladding, which is commonly used in practice for such devices. Here we demonstrate H-NSOM of a silicon waveguide with a liquid cladding emulating the solid dielectric. This technique allows characterization of practical devices with realistic refractive index profiles. Fourier analysis is used to estimate the effective refractive index of the mode from the measured data, showing an index shift of 0.08 from air to water cladding, which is seen to correspond well to simulations.