利用超快强光场产生的高次谐波获得相干软X射线辐射

报道了在本实验室建立的４５ｆｓ－２ＴＷ级超短超强钛宝石激光装置上，以Ａｒ气为非线性工作介质进行的高次谐波实验的初步结果。研究了激光能量和气体密度对高次谐波的影响。目前得到的最高次谐波为２５次，相应波长为３１．４ｎｍ，深入的实验研究正在进行之中。     

飞秒激光脉冲在氮气中产生高次谐波的实验研究

报道了以氮气为介质产生高次谐波的实验结果。实验中主要研究了不同的气体密度、不同入射激光能量和不同偏振对高次谐波辐射强度及谐波级次的影响。并从理论上进行了定性分析。分析结果表明：要想得到较高次、较强的谐波辐射，必须反复进行实验，确定最佳的激光能量和气体密度，以减少由于自由电子密度的提高而导致的相位失配的影响。     

飞秒强激光与欠稠密等离子体相互作用中的二次谐波辐射

对超短超强激光脉冲 (45fs,6× 10 17W /cm2 )与光致电离氦气形成的欠稠密等离子体相互作用中的二次谐波辐射进行了实验研究。测量了多种打靶强度的飞秒激光脉冲与不同气体密度氦气相互作用的二次谐波光谱 ,得到在欠稠密等离子体中二次谐波辐射与打靶激光能量的关系 ,分析了产生二次谐波辐射产生的物理机制 ,在考虑了强短脉冲激光电离气体产生的等离子体径向电子密度梯度因素 ,基于非线性作用过程的理论预期曲线与实验结果较好地吻合     

气体放电中Ar^＋的辐射寿命测量

文章介绍了在一定温度、一定气体密度和一定放电流条件下，Ａｒ气放电时，Ａｒ＋某些能级辐射谱线宽度的测量。讨论了气体放电中各种因素对谱线宽度的影响。从测量的谱线宽度得出了相应Ａｒ＋激发态在特定条件下的辐射寿命。     

脉冲Nd：YAG激光烧蚀A1产生等离子体特征辐射的机理研究

采用时间与空间分辨光谱测量技术，研究了在Ａｒ气为缓冲气体下，用脉冲Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光烧蚀Ａ１产生等离子体遥发射光谱及其随气压的变化规律，对粒子的激发机理进行了讨论认为特征谱线是由复合辐射为主要机理，并用此结论在一定程序上解释了实验结果。     

强场高次谐波辐射过程中的相位匹配

从实验上定性地研究了强 辐射过程中位相匹配的作用与影响,主要通过改变气体密度、激光强度和光束的共焦参数来研究相位对高闪谐波辐射的影响。从改善高次谐波辐射过程中的相位匹配来考虑,气体攻激光强度都有一最佳值。利用大的共焦参数,可以明显改善相位匹配,提高谐波输出的转换效率。     

相对论圆偏振激光与固体靶作用产生高次谐波

超短超强激光与固体靶表面等离子体相互作用可以通过高次谐波的方式产生从极紫外到软X射线波段的相干辐射,获得飞秒甚至阿秒量级的超短脉冲,可用于观测原子或分子中的电子运动等超快动力学过程.本文实验研究了相对论圆偏振飞秒激光与固体靶相互作用的高次谐波产生过程,实验结果表明,在较大入射角下,圆偏振激光也可以有效地产生高次谐波辐射.通过预脉冲控制靶表面的预等离子体密度标长,发现高次谐波的产生效率随密度标长的增加而单调下降.进一步通过二维粒子模拟程序,分析了激光的偏振以及预等离子体密度标长对高次谐波产生的影响,很好地解释了实验观测结果.     

超热电子产生的靶后相干渡越辐射光谱实验研究

利用OMA光学多道分析仪测量了激光与薄膜靶相互作用中产生的辐射光谱，在靶后观察到红移的二次谐波发射. 这种二次谐波是v×B加热产生的、具有微脉冲结构的超热电子束在等离子体-真空边界产生的相干渡越辐射(CTR). 随着激光能量的增大，红移峰向长波方向移动，光谱同时发生展宽. 分析认为，等离子体临界面的迅速膨胀是导致二次谐波红移的主要原因. 随着预脉冲能量的增大，临界面膨胀速度增大，导致了发射峰更大的红移. 实验还测量了靶面法线方向的辐射光谱，观察到基频辐射的红移和展宽. CTR为诊断临界面的运动方向和速度提供了一种新的方法. 关键词： 相干渡越辐射 超热电子 超短超强激光 等离子体相互作用     

高次谐波辐射光子的能量-激光相位关系研究

原子在强激光电场中高次谐波辐射的理论与实验研究是当今科学前沿之一.利用量子力学理论和鞍点方法,细致地研究了高次谐波辐射光子的能量与激光相位的关系.对于时间宽度无限长激光,在一个激光周期内特定相位处产生的高阶辐射(X射线)有特定的能量.能量分布在7180°处成峰,有高斯形函数的对称形状.给出了这种分布的参数化公式.对于不同宽度的飞秒激光,能量分布的成峰位置、最大值和带宽等参数会发生变化.计算表明,三个振荡周期(半高宽)的飞秒激光,当载波-包络相位为175°和105°时,可以分别得到纯净的阿秒单脉冲和双脉 关键词： 超短脉冲激光 高次谐波产生 鞍点方法 能量相位关系     

激光脉冲能量对激光烧蚀保护气体电离的影响

用Ar气作保护气体 ,气压保持在一个标准大气压 ,用Nd :YAG脉冲激光烧蚀Al靶获得等离子体。利用时空分辨技术 ,采集了激光脉冲能量在 5 2 ,92 ,115和 14 5mJ情况下等离子体辐射的时空分辨谱。详细描述了 115mJ时等离子体的辐射特征 ,简要分析了其他脉冲能量下Ar的特征辐射规律。根据这些脉冲能量下Ar 特征谱线的分布规律 ,简要论述了Ar气体电离与激光脉冲能量的关系。讨论了环境气体电离机制 ,并对结果进行了简单解释。结果发现 ,在本实验采用的能量范围内 ,较高的脉冲能量更容易使环境气体电离 ,产生较强的Ar 离子辐射 ,且Ar 辐射持续时间较长。     

Role of many-electron dynamics in high harmonic generation

High harmonic generation (HHG) in many-electron atoms is studied theoretically. The breakdown of the frozen-core single active electron approximation is demonstrated, as it predicts roughly the same radiation amplitude in all noble gases. This is in contradiction with experiments, where heavier noble gases are known to emit much stronger HHG radiation than lighter ones. This experimental behavior of the noble gases can be qualitatively reproduced when many-electron dynamics, within a simple approximation, is taken into account.     

Simulation of above-threshold ionization experiments using the strong-field approximation

Recently performed above-threshold ionization (ATI) experiments with noble gases allow the determination of the complete energy and angular distribution of the emitted photoelectrons. In order to simulate such experiments, we have generalized our numerical code for the calculation of ATI spectra in order to achieve a realistic simulation of ATI of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. Our method is based on an improved version of the strong-field approximation and includes focal averaging. A semiclassical analysis of the dependence of the cutoff law on the photoelectron emission angle is presented. The effects of channel closings on the high-energy spectra are analyzed.     

Optimization of high-harmonic generation

The dependence of the high-harmonic conversion efficiency in noble gases on experimental parameters is analyzed. The results presented here supply a guideline for the optimization of HHG. The most striking finding of our analysis is the dependence of the harmonic yield on the laser pulse duration. It is generally accepted that the harmonic yield increases for shorter pulse durations. Calculations in neon show that this is only true for harmonics close to the cutoff. Away from the cutoff however, the harmonic yield increases approximately linearly with the pulse duration.     

High-order harmonic generation in nitrogen molecules with subpicosecond visible dye-laser pulses

An experimental study of high-order harmonic generation in nitrogen molecules (N₂) has been made using intense visible (616 nm) dye-laser pulses, where the harmonic radiation up to the 21st order is observed. The harmonic distribution represents a plateau that is preceded by an intensity minimum at the 7th order. The harmonic generation characteristics were atomic-like. It has been found that there are some similarities in the high-order harmonic generation characteristics for N₂ and Ar, including the highest-order harmonics, harmonic distributions, and the influence of the multiphoton ionization on the high-order harmonic generation. These similarities are reasonably attributed to the energetic correspondence of excited levels and ionization potentials. It is pointed out that the ac Stark shift of excited levels and ionization potentials plays an important role also in the high-order harmonic generation in N₂.     

Global optimization of high harmonic generation

We investigate the relevance of the absorption limit concept in the optimization of high harmonic generation. Thanks to the first direct observation of the coherence length of the process from high-contrast Maker fringes, we unravel experimental conditions for which the harmonic dipole response is enhanced when phase matching is realized within the absorption limit, leading to record conversion efficiencies in argon. Moreover, we show that harmonic generation in guided or freely propagating geometries are equivalent in the loose focusing regime. This analysis is generalized to other advanced phase-matching schemes, thereby predicting the possibility to boost the conversion efficiencies using light noble gases.     

正交偏振双色激光场作用下生成的孤立阿秒脉冲

我们理论研究了正交偏振双色激光场作用下的高次谐波发射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生.当y方向加一束中红外激光脉冲(12.5 fs/2000 nm),x方向加一束强度较弱的激光脉冲(12 fs/800 nm)时,我们得到从250 eV到350 eV的超连续谐波平台,在平台范围内叠加50 eV的谐波,可以得到一个脉宽约为97as的孤立阿秒脉冲. 通过时频分析,我们解释了高次谐波发射的物理机制.     

Detection of argon and krypton traces in noble gases by diode laser absorption spectrometry

Wavelength modulation, diode laser atomic absorption spectrometry is applied to measure traces of argon and krypton in other noble gases. Strong transitions from long-lived metastable levels highly populated in a low-pressure dc discharge are induced with a standard diode laser in the spectral range around 811 nm. The detection limits achieved are in the lower ppbv range, and the residual concentrations of Kr and Ar traces in the utilized high-purity noble gases are measured. Received: 2 October 2000 / Final version: 3 May 2001 / Published online: 7 June 2001     

Widely tunable extreme UV frequency comb generation

Extreme UV (XUV) frequency comb generation in the wavelength range of 51 to 85 nm is reported based on high-order harmonic generation of two consecutive IR frequency comb pulses that were amplified in an optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier. The versatility of the system is demonstrated by recording direct XUV frequency comb excitation signals in He, Ne, and Ar with visibilities of up to 61%.     

脉冲电晕放电中OH自由基的发射光谱研究

采用发射光谱法测量了在加湿的空气、氮气、氩气3种气体背景下脉冲电晕放电产生的OH自由基,通过对发射谱线的分析,研究了在3种背景条件下,脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率等因素对OH自由基产生过程的影响,着重研究了气体湿度对OH自由基产生过程的影响以及OH自由基在放电电场中的分布特性。实验表明OH自由基的生成量随脉冲峰值电压和脉冲频率的增大而增大,而湿度变化对其影响则与放电背景环境有关,不同背景气体下其变化规律也不相同。空气中放电时产生的OH自由基数量随湿度的增大而增大,氮气中OH自由基的生成量随湿度增大呈先增大后减小趋势,而氩气中OH自由基数量随湿度的增大呈先减少后增大趋势。OH自由基在放电电场中的分布呈从针电极中心向四周逐渐减少趋势。     

The control of the electron quantum paths for the generation of isolated attosecond pulse using a three-color laser scheme

We theoretically propose a three-color laser scheme to enhance the high-order harmonic intensity and generate an isolated attosecond pulse. By adding a 3 fs, 1600 nm laser pulse to a synthesized two-color laser field (5 fs, 800 nm and 10 fs, 1200 nm), the harmonic intensity is effectively enhanced and an isolated attosecond pulse with duration 41 as is generated. In this scheme, the short trajectory is suppressed, the selection of the long quantum path can be achieved. We also investigate emission time of harmonics in terms of the time-frequency analysis and the semi-classical three-step model to illustrate the physical mechanism of high-order harmonic generation.