LED组合光谱对水培生菜矿物质吸收的影响

在植物工厂全密闭环境中水培种植大速生生菜,以光谱比例可调节的LED灯板为植物生长光源,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱技术(ICP-AES),研究了红蓝LED组合光谱下生菜对K,P,Ca,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,B,Mo等11种营养元素的吸收特性。结果表明：(1)与叶绿素生理吸收波峰(峰值450和660 nm)对应的单一或组合光谱均可增强水培生菜根对Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo元素的吸收能力,且单一红光光谱的促进作用最为显著,四种元素含量分别为荧光灯全光谱下的7.8, 4.2, 5.3, 11.0倍;(2)根对K和B元素的吸收量在荧光灯全光谱下达到最大分别为10.309 mg·g-1和32.6 μg·g-1,而在红、蓝单一或组合光谱下吸收能力降低;(3)单一蓝色光谱下根对Ca和Mg元素的吸收受到抑制,分别比荧光灯对照降低35%,33%;(4)生菜在30%蓝光+70%红光的光谱条件下生物量最高,而在20%蓝光+80%红光条件下对Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, B七种元素的累积量达到最大值。试验结果为水培生菜光源光谱选择及营养液配方调节提供了理论依据。     

ICP-AES分析河套灌区盐碱地向日葵矿质元素吸收与积累

以HNO3+HClO4消解向日葵根、茎、叶、花盘等器官,采用ICP-AES测定河套灌区盐碱胁迫下向日葵植株对十种矿质元素的吸收和积累。结果表明:(1)Fe,Mn,Zn,Ca,Na在向日葵根部含量最高,K含量在茎中最高,B和Mg在叶中含量最高,花盘中P含量高于其他部位,Cu含量在向日葵各器官间无明显差异;(2)向日葵器官间矿质元素累积量差异表现为花盘中Ca,Mg,P,Cu,B,Zn累积量最高,根Na,Fe,Mn累积量最高,茎K累积量最高;(3)向日葵全株常量矿质元素累积量比值为K∶Ca∶Mg∶P∶Na=16.71∶5.23∶3.86∶1.23∶1.00,微量矿质元素积累量比值为Zn∶Fe∶B∶Mn∶Cu=56.28∶27.75∶1.93∶1.17∶1.00;(4)盐分胁迫对向日葵矿质元素吸收的影响因部位及元素种类各异,根部矿质元素含量对土壤盐分变化最为敏感,茎、叶次之,花盘元素含量变化动态较为复杂。     

不同光谱成分条件下叶用莴苣矿质元素吸收分析

以叶用莴苣为试验材料,应用ICP-AES等技术,研究了不同光谱成分及其组合条件下生菜对矿质元素的吸收特性。结果显示:(1)生菜常量、微量矿质元素含量比约为Ca:Mg:K:Na:P=5.5:2.5:2.3:1.5:1.0,Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B=25.9:5.9:2.8:1.1:1.0,且LED及荧光灯处理下的生菜各元素含量均高于自然光,差异显著;(2)生菜在红蓝组合LED光R/B=1:2.75处理下对K,P,Ca,Mg,B元素的吸收量及累积量均达最大,LED及荧光灯红光均可显著促进生菜对Fe和Cu元素的吸收;(3)矿质元素含量较高及干物质积累量较高的处理均为LED灯R/B=1:2.75和B/W=1:1。     

采前LED红蓝光连续光照对不同光质与氮形态水培生菜生长及营养元素吸收的影响

红光和蓝光是植物进行光合作用和光形态建成的主要有效光谱,且红蓝发光二极管(LED)成为植物工厂的主流光源。为实现LED连续光照在植物工厂中的应用,探明植物对红蓝光谱连续光照的响应特征及其与栽培氮形态和LED红蓝光质的关系十分必要。在环境可控的植物工厂内,采用水培方法和ICP-AES测试技术,研究了采收前LED红蓝光连续光照(CL)对不同光质与氮形态水培生菜生长及营养元素吸收的影响。在光照强度150μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)下,试验设置了3种红(R)蓝(B)光质:2R∶1B(Q_(2∶1)), 3R∶1B(Q_(3∶1))和4R∶1B(Q_(4∶1)),以及2种氮形态:80%硝态氮(N_(80%))和100%硝态氮(N_(100%))。结果表明, CL前, LED光质与营养液氮形态互作处理对水培生菜的地上干重具有显著影响,对地上鲜重及根鲜干重无显著影响,对N, C, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn的含量及积累量均无显著影响。CL后,光质与营养液氮形态互作处理对水培生菜的根鲜重与根干重有显著影响,对地上鲜干重的影响无显著差异,只对N, P的含量, N, P, Fe, Zn的积累量有显著影响。CL对水培生菜的生物量,矿质元素含量及积累量有显著影响,与CL前相比,地上鲜重,根鲜重,地上干重及根干重均显著增加;各营养元素含量均有不同程度的降低趋势,其中CL显著降低了N, P, Fe, Zn的含量,而对于C, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu的含量无显著影响。CL均显著提高了N, C, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn的积累量。综上所述, CL前, LED光质与氮形态对生菜地上干重具有显著影响,对各营养元素的含量及积累量均无显著影响。CL后, LED光质与氮形态对根鲜干重具有显著影响,对N, P的含量及N, P, Fe, Zn的积累量具有显著影响, N_(80%)Q_(4∶1)处理积累的量最高。与CL处理前相比,水培生菜的地上鲜重,根鲜重,地上干重及根干重均显著增加; CL显著降低了N, P, Fe, Zn的含量,显著提高了N, C, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn的积累量。因此,栽培光氮条件N_(80%)Q_(4∶1)和采前LED红蓝光连续光照结合可以提高水培生菜营养元素含量。     

冠菌素和茉莉酸甲酯处理对金银花矿质元素影响研究

应用ICP-AES技术,测定并分析冠菌素和茉莉酸甲酯处理对金银花矿质元素含量、累积量和比例的影响。结果表明:(1)冠菌素处理使金银花K,Mg,Na,Zn,B,Si含量分别不同程度提高,P,Ca,Fe,Mn含量分别不同程度降低;(2)茉莉酸甲酯处理后金银花K,Na,Zn,B,Si含量分别不同程度增加,P,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn含量分别不同程度降低;(3)冠菌素和茉莉酸甲酯处理后金银花K∶P和Na∶Zn升高,Ca∶Mg,Fe∶Mn,B∶Si降低。研究结果明确了冠菌素和茉莉酸甲酯处理对金银花矿质元素的影响,并为生长调节剂的合理使用提供科学依据。     

FAAS测定地梢瓜不同部位金属元素

采用HNO3-HClO4（4∶1）混酸消解地梢瓜的根、茎和叶,火焰原子吸收光谱法对消解液中的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe和Co9种金属元素进行了同时测定。获得了仪器测定的最佳工作条件、方法的准确性和精密度,结果显示：各元素平均加标回收率（n=6）为95.45%—102.26%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为0.18%—2.26%。地梢瓜不同部位各金属元素含量有一定差异,茎中Ca〉K〉Na〉Mg〉Fe〉Zn〉Co〉Mn〉Cu;叶中Ca〉K〉Na〉Mg〉Fe〉Co〉Zn〉Mn〉Cu;根中Ca〉K〉Fe〉Mg〉Na〉Zn〉Co〉Mn〉Cu。各部位均含有丰富的Ca、Mg、K、Na和Fe元素。测定方法快速、简单,准确度和精密度均较好,能达到分析要求。     

苦豆子不同生育时期矿质元素分析

应用ICP-AES等技术,研究了苦豆子常量、微量矿质元素含量、各部位吸收比例和不同时期的矿质元素需求量。结果显示:(1)成熟期苦豆子常量矿质元素比约为N∶K∶Ca∶Mg∶P∶Na=11.91∶8.27∶7.54∶1.02∶1.00,微量矿质元素比值约为Fe∶Zn∶B∶Cu∶Mn=28.91∶2.12∶1.40∶1.18∶1.00;(2)各器官矿质元素含量因生育时期存在差异,微量元素在营养期茎中总量最高占全株总量的45.6%,而在成熟期种子中最高占全株总量的36.7%。(3)苦豆子在营养期需肥最多,盛花期次之,盛荚期最少。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药川东獐牙菜中的八种微量元素

用火焰原子吸收光谱法对川东獐牙菜中K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn和Cu八种微量元素进行了分析测定.结果显示,用HNO3-HClO4(5∶1)混酸作消化液处理样品,精密度和回收率较好.在选定的实验条件下,川东獐牙菜各元素间相互不干扰,可在一份样品液中进行八种元素的分别测定.川东獐牙菜中含有较丰富的K,Ca和Na,以及Mg和Zn,其含量K＞Ca＞Mg＞Na＞Zn＞Fe＞Cu＞Mn.方法的检出限均小于0.097 μg·mL-1,RSD≤2.34%(n=8),加标回收率89.32%～106.65%.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳中15种金属元素含量

采用浓硝酸高氯酸(φ∶4∶1)常压微沸条件下消解锁阳样品,应用火焰原子吸收法测定了锁阳中的金属元素Na,K,Mg,Ca,Cu,Zn,Fe,Co,Ni,Mn,Pb,Cr,Cd,Au,Ag含量,研究了测定不同元素的仪器最佳工作条件、方法的准确性和精密度。结果表明,锁阳中Na,K,Mg,Ca,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Pb,Ni,Ag含量分别为135720,142600,3583,1683,2385,194,59,34,26,13,04μg·g-1,Co,Cr,Cd,Au未检出。方法的加标回收率为978%～1045%,相对标准偏差(n=9)为02%～50%。测定方法简单易行,方便快捷,结果令人满意。     

ICP-AES技术测定不同产地柴胡矿质元素

应用ICP-AES技术,测定了不同产地柴胡矿质元素含量。(1)柴胡中五种常量矿质元素中K含量和累积量最高,五种微量矿质元素中Fe含量和累积量最高。(2)北京上庄柴胡中Ca,Mg,P,Na,Cu含量高,分别可达6.40,3.84,3.45,4.97mg.g-1和25.20μg.g-1,而山西万荣柴胡K,Ca,Mg,P,Zn,Mn,B含量低,分别仅为12.43,4.57,1.92,1.79mg.g-1和50.04,32.21,12.95μg.g-1。(3)不同产地柴胡间P∶K,Zn∶Fe,Cu∶Mn差异大,Mg∶Ca差异小。不同产地间柴胡矿质元素含量、累积量和比例存在较大差异。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.