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1.
本文实验研究了润滑油的存在对纳米制冷剂相变过程中纳米颗粒迁移量的影响以及对不同浓度的纳米制冷剂相变过程中纳米颗粒迁移率的影响.结果表明:润滑油存在时,纳米颗粒的迁移量和迁移率都低于相同情况下无油时纳米颗粒的迁移量和迁移率.同时理论分析了纳米颗粒的迁移过程,并建立了能够预测含油纳米制冷剂相变过程中纳米颗粒迁移量的计算模型.模型计算值与实验值吻合良好.  相似文献   

2.
为了评估纳米颗粒对沸腾传热的影响效果和采用纳米制冷剂的制冷系统长期运行稳定性,提出了含油纳米制冷剂沸腾中纳米颗粒相间迁移特性预测模型,通过模拟气泡的脱离和上升过程、纳米颗粒的运动、纳米颗粒与气泡的黏附、气液交界面上纳米颗粒的脱离,最终得到纳米颗粒的迁移量.该模型能够反映热流密度和加热容器几何结构等因素对纳米颗粒迁移特性...  相似文献   

3.
为通过表面活性剂抑制纳米制冷剂中的颗粒团聚,需要了解不同种类和浓度的表面活性剂对纳米制冷剂颗粒团聚的影响。本文采用动态光散射技术测量纳米制冷剂中的颗粒尺度,来定量分析纳米制冷剂的颗粒团聚特性;实验所用纳米制冷剂为TiO_2-R141b;表面活性剂种类包括SDBS(阳离子型)、CTAB(阴离子型)和NP-10(非离子型)。实验结果表明,SDBS、CTAB和NP-10均可降低纳米制冷剂的颗粒尺度,即抑制纳米制冷剂中的颗粒团聚。对SBDS、CTAB和NP-10,当其浓度分别为400 mg·L~(-1)、200 mg·L~(-1)和300mg·L~(-1)时纳米制冷剂的颗粒尺度最小,最小值分别是未加表面活性剂时的58.4%、56.9%和38.0%。  相似文献   

4.
含油纳米制冷剂沸腾中纳米颗粒相间迁移机制,是评估纳米制冷剂沸腾传热效果和制冷系统中纳米颗粒循环能力的基础。本文基于颗粒捕集理论和气浮理论,提出了各因素对纳米颗粒相间迁移的影响机制;即纳米颗粒迁移率随其密度或粒径的减小而增大,制冷剂动力学黏度越小、密度越大,其完全蒸发时纳米颗粒迁移率越大,纳米颗粒迁移率随润滑油浓度的增大而减小,随热流密度的增大而减小,随初始液位高度的增加而增大。同时通过实验验证了理论分析。  相似文献   

5.
纳米颗粒加入低温保护剂中改善低温保护剂结晶性是一个新兴的研究方向,但是由于低温保护剂中化学键的作用和小颗粒效应的影响,纳米颗粒的分散性能往往受到抑制。文中以吸光值为指标,研究了不同纳米颗粒在低温保护剂中的分散和沉降性能。结果发现:尽管不同的纳米粒子的分散效果不同,使用超声波分散纳米颗粒时,5分钟左右为最佳分散时间。纳米粒子受pH值、颗粒种类、低温保护剂中含水量的影响,分散效果不同。  相似文献   

6.
本文建立了纳米颗粒/制冷剂工质换热性能实验台,对实验系统进行了检验,并首次进行了纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质水平管内的单相对流换热实验研究,纳米颗粒的浓度为0.01、0.025和0.05 g/L,并与纯质HFC134a的结果相比较.结果发现:TiO2/HFC134a工质的单相对流换热系数降低,且随着纳米颗粒浓度的增大,降低程度增大.分析原因纳米颗粒在换热表面的沉积是造成这一结果的关键因素.  相似文献   

7.
王新亮  狄勤丰  张任良  顾春元  丁伟朋  龚玮 《物理学报》2012,61(14):146801-146801
提出了纳米颗粒水基分散液的力学-化学双重减阻机制,并通过对比岩心切片吸附纳米颗粒前后以及冲刷前后的表面微结构、润湿性的变化,进行了实验验证. 研究结果表明,经纳米颗粒水基分散液处理之后的岩心切片表面表现为强亲水性, 并且存在一层致密的纳米颗粒吸附层;冲刷之后岩心切片表面的纳米颗粒吸附层依然存在, 但其表面已逐渐转变为强/超疏水性,反映了纳米颗粒吸附层表面的表面活性剂被逐渐清洗干净. 注水初期,主要表现为表面活性剂的化学减阻作用.随着注水过程的进行, 主要体现为以疏水表面的滑移效应为主的力学减阻机制.岩心驱替实验结果表明, 纳米颗粒水基分散液驱替后的岩心的水相渗透率平均提高幅度达84.3%, 减阻效果显著,证实了纳米颗粒水基分散液的力学-化学双重减阻机制.  相似文献   

8.
基于团聚理论的纳米制冷剂导热系数预测方法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
纳米流体中纳米颗粒以团聚体的形式存在.为预测纳米流体的导热系数,模拟了流体中纳米颗粒团聚体的三维空间结构并用热阻网络法计算了团聚体的导热系数.在得到团聚体的导热系数与考虑液体分子吸附层后团聚体的体积分数后,预测纳米流体的导热系数.用实验数据验证了该预测方法并运用该方法预测了铜-R22纳米制冷剂的导热系数.  相似文献   

9.
为了研究纳米粒子对制冷剂水合物热力学生成条件的影响,建立了新型纳米流体中制冷剂水合物相平衡热力学模型,理论研究了HFC134a(R134a)气体水合物的热力学生成条件,并用实验验证了模拟结果.结果表明:新型纳米流体中制冷剂水合物热力学相平衡模型能够较好地反映纳米流体中制冷剂气体水合物相平衡特征,相同温度下相平衡最大相对误差为7.3%,平均相对误差为5.3%.  相似文献   

10.
张智奇  钱胜  王瑞金  朱泽飞 《物理学报》2019,68(5):54401-054401
纳米流体中悬浮的纳米颗粒可以增强其导热性能已经得到广泛认可,然而纳米流体颗粒增强传热的机理目前尚不清楚.研究表明,纳米颗粒的聚集是纳米流体导热系数增大的重要机制,而且纳米颗粒聚集的形态对纳米流体的导热系数有重要影响,但是目前的导热系数模型大多是建立在Maxwell有效介质理论的"静态"和"均匀分散"假设基础上.本文用平衡分子动力学模拟Cu-Ar纳米流体,采用Green-Kubo公式计算导热系数,采用Schmidt-Ott关系式计算不同聚集形态下的分形维数.对比导热系数与分形维数可以发现:在相同体积分数下,较低的分形维数会有更高的导热系数,分析了分形维数与导热系数的定量关系.此外,通过径向分布函数可以看出纳米颗粒紧密聚集与松散聚集的差异,基液分子在纳米颗粒附近的纳米薄层中处于动态平衡状态.研究结果有助于理解纳米颗粒聚集形态对导热系数的影响机理.  相似文献   

11.
The magnetocaloric properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were investigated to evaluate the potential of these materials as magnetic refrigerants. Nanosized cobalt ferrites were synthesized by the method of sol–gel combustion. The nanoparticles were found to be spherical with an average crystallite size of 14 nm. The magnetic entropy change (ΔS m) calculated indirectly from magnetization isotherms in the temperature region 170–320 K was found to be negative, signifying an inverse magnetocaloric effect in the nanoparticles. The magnitudes of the ΔS m values were found to be larger when compared to the reported values in the literature for the corresponding ferrite materials in the nanoregime.  相似文献   

12.
An amorphous acrylic acid (AA) polymer coating was generated on TiO2 nanoparticles through pulse radio frequency (RF) plasma polymerization. The AA plasma synthesis mechanism was studied by its optical emission spectrum. The chemical structures of AA–plasma‐polymer were carefully investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dispersion behaviors of AA‐coated and uncoated TiO2 nanoparticles in glycol solution were characterized by ultraviolet absorbency and particle size distribution measurements. The results showed that the aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles in glycol solution was effectively lowered and the dispersion was improved a lot after AA–plasma‐polymer coating. The pulse plasma coating parameters played an important role in the dispersion enhancement of TiO2 nanoparticles. By properly regulating the pulse discharge parameters, the system could gain the highest radical–monomer reactions rate, the most compatible functional groups on the nanoparticles, and the best dispersion in the background media.  相似文献   

13.
In this study, the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles was modified through plasma polymerization, which is a dry coating method at room temperature. The surface morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The dispersion behavior of TiO2 nanoparticles in water and ethyl glycol was investigated by laser size distribution and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum. TiO2 nanoparticles were coated with a thin film through plasma polymerization, which prevents the agglomeration and improves the dispersion behavior of TiO2 nanoparticles.  相似文献   

14.
制冷空调系统替代工质的发展现状及方向   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张超  王坤 《低温与超导》2005,33(4):69-72
本文主要针对CFC11、CFC12以及HCFC22介绍了目前替代工质的发展现状,阐述了混合工质以及氨、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物等自然工质作为替代工质的特点以及其发展现状,总结了制冷空调系统替代工质的发展方向。  相似文献   

15.
In the preparation of nanocomposites, there is competition between the dispersion of nanoparticles and the formation of agglomerates. In this study, radical copolymerization of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate initiated by 2,2‐azobis (isobutyro) nitrile (AIBN) was performed, in the presence of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles modified in a new approach; a good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the unsaturated polyester (UP) matrix was obtained. The TiO2 nanoparticles were exposed to 3‐(methacryloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane as the coupling agent. The presence of coupling agent‐grafted TiO2 nanoparticles in the copolymerization process resulted in the formation of a polymeric layer on the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles (doubly modified‐TiO2). The grafting of coupling agent molecules and consequently copolymer macromolecular chains onto the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. It found that the formation of an acrylate layer on the surface of nanoparticles was successful. Then, unsaturated polyester (UP)/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared. The morphology was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties and ultraviolet visible (UV/VIS) spectroscopy of various samples, including the doubly modified‐TiO2 nanoparticles, with different nanoparticle inclusions and the unmodified‐TiO2 nanoparticles, were also investigated. The results showed the doubly modified‐TiO2 nanoparticles, compared to those of unmodified‐TiO2, had better nanoparticle dispersion causing improvement in the mechanical properties and UV shielding.  相似文献   

16.
Mercapto-terminated linear polymers, which were prepared by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) technique, were used to modify metal nanoparticle surfaces. Au and Ag nanoparticles which are approximately 3–6 nm were used. This modification resulted in easy dispersion of the nanoparticles in polymer resins by simple mixing. The quality of the dispersion was confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.  相似文献   

17.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were modified with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to improve the dispersion stability of the nanoparticles in a dielectric medium and to reduce the density mismatch between TiO2 and a dielectric medium for a microcapsule‐type electrophoretic display application. Nanoparticles were coated with PMMA by in situ dispersion polymerization. The PMMA‐coated TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform‐infrared spectrometrey (FT‐IR), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Density of PMMA‐coated TiO2 nanoparticles was found to be dependent on the thickness of the PMMA coating on the nanoparticles. An increase of thermal stability of the PMMA layer and the contents of PMMA on the surface of the nanoparticles were measured via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).  相似文献   

18.
阐述了目前HCFCs替代的形势、替代制冷剂和替代技术路线。从各个方面介绍了几种有潜力的单一替代制冷剂R32、R161、R1234yf和R1234ze等。并对将来替代制冷剂的发展进行分析,认为混合制冷剂是大势所趋。  相似文献   

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