高频电磁干扰对传输线耦合全波建模方法

对于场线耦合问题,经典传输线理论不适用于求解高频电磁干扰辐照下传输线负载上的电压和电流响应。针对这一问题,首先介绍了一种基于天线理论和模拟行为建模（ABM）的时域全波建模方法。该方法利用Harrington矩量法将电流积分方程离散并推导得到宏模型时域表达式,然后利用ABM频域功能实现频变参数的傅里叶逆变换和时域卷积计算。利用电路求解器,该建模方法可直接求解任意结构传输线耦合的负载处瞬态响应;与传统全波算法相比,模型一旦建立便可应用于任意入射场和线性/非线性负载的情况,无需重复耗时地求解电流积分方程。该方法可简化全波算法求解过程,提高仿真计算效率,尤其便于在入射场和负载存在不确定参数时进行高效重复抽样计算以获得统计特性。然后以高频电磁干扰耦合有损大地上的双导体传输线为例,通过与数值电磁代码和传统传输线理论方法的求解结果对比,验证了所提宏模型的有效性以及传输线理论在解决场线耦合问题时的局限性。结果表明,基于全波方法构建的宏模型可在时域内高效准确地求解高频电磁干扰辐照下任意形状传输线负载上的瞬态响应。     

架空及埋地多导体线缆对HEMP辐照的瞬态响应

针对瞬态电磁场辐照多导体电缆问题,首先介绍了一种用于计算架空及埋地线缆瞬态响应的高效时域宏模型。该模型基于传输线理论,利用广义特征线法和SPICE求解器中集成的模拟行为建模库,在时域内实现建模过程中涉及的频率相关参数和卷积计算。该方法适用性广泛,可同时用于架空及埋地线缆的场线耦合建模仿真;与现有时域有限差分法相比,不需要对时间和空间进行离散,以及对频率相关参数进行矢量匹配或数值逆傅里叶变换,因此可简化建模步骤,提高建模及仿真计算的效率;该宏模型计算效率不受线缆长度限制,适用于研究多导体长距离线缆。其次,在时域和频域分别研究了高空电磁脉冲(HEMP)的环境及特点。最后,利用算例验证了所提宏模型计算架空及埋地线缆响应的有效性,并利用该方法分别研究了架空地线对三相输电线路瞬态响应的影响以及埋地电力电缆金属护套在端接线性及非线性保护器件时对HEMP的瞬态响应。结果表明,宏模型法可在时域内高效地计算入射场耦合架空输电线及埋地电力电缆的瞬态响应,特别是对于带有非线性器件的长多导体线缆。     

复杂结构冲击声合成及实验验证

以复杂结构受击振动响应的时域计算为目的, 讨论了结构阻尼的计算方法, 给出一种用于冲击声合成的综合数值方法, 并进行了实验验证. 首先, 考虑到阻尼是影响瞬态振动时变特性的重要因素, 详细讨论了两种模态阻尼的计算方法; 其次, 对阻尼板的受击振动和声辐射进行了时域仿真, 并与时域有限差分法的计算结果进行对比, 显示出两种声音合成方法的计算结果具有高度的一致性; 最后, 针对有限长圆柱壳的受击振动, 将合成声与实验录音进行了对比研究. 结果表明, 合成声与实际录音的时域包络、频谱结构以及衰减趋势基本一致, 证明了采用数值方法进行冲击声合成的有效性. 关键词： 声音合成 模态阻尼 冲击声 数值方法     

抛物量子线中束缚磁极化子的性质

研究抛物量子线中束缚磁极化子的性质,采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法导出了强、弱耦合两种情况下的基态能量、振动频率和光学声子平均数.结果表明,无论是强耦合还是弱耦合情况,抛物量子线中束缚磁极化子的振动频率λ、基态能量E₀和光学声子平均数N都随约束强度ω₀的增大而迅速增大.     

一种计算多导体传输线电磁脉冲响应的时域方法

基于波形松弛技术, 提出一种计算外界电磁脉冲激励下理想大地上无损多导体传输线瞬态响应的时域迭代方法。首先利用波形松弛技术对复频域内多导体传输线的电报方程进行解耦, 其中相邻导线的耦合作用等效为线上的分布源, 从而使电报方程转换为一系列关于独立导线的解耦方程组; 然后将复频域内传输线的解耦方程转换到时域, 根据时域方程建立相应的等效电路; 最后利用电路仿真软件PSCAD计算电磁脉冲激励下多导体传输线的瞬态响应。本文时域方法的计算结果与时域有限差分(FDTD) 法计算的结果进行对比, 证实了该时域方法的有效性和准确性, 这为工程和科研人员快速评估、分析电磁脉冲激励下多导体传输线的瞬态响应问题提供了一种可靠方法。     

多尺度无监督彩色图像分割

非采样Contourlet变换是一种新的多尺度多分辨率分析工具,本文提出了一种基于非采样Contourlet变换的彩色图像无监督分割算法.首先利用非采样Contourlet变换的平移不变性在其变换域应用梯度向量法提取图像多尺度边缘;然后在Contourlet变换域的低频子带和高频子带中分别提取局部低频能量纹理特征与高频...     

Wu-King 加载偶极天线的FDTD分析

 用时域有限差分法分析了高斯脉冲激励的Wu-King加载偶极天线的特性。给出了天线周围空间瞬态场的变化情况及天线上的电流波形，这种形象化的结果为加载脉冲辐射天线的设计和改进提供了直观的物理依据。通过时域远近场变换，得到了天线脉冲辐射远场。计算并给出了描述脉冲辐射器性能的时域参数：保真度和能量方向图。     

抛物量子线中束缚极化子激发态的性质

本文研究库仑场对抛物量子线中强耦合束缚极化子激发态性质的影响。采用Huybrechts线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法计算了抛物量子线中强耦合束缚极化子的第一内部激发态能量、激发能量和振动频率。数值计算表明：强耦合束缚极化子的第一内部激发态能量和激发能量都随约束强度的增加而增大;但第一激发态能量随库仑束缚势的增加而减少,而激发能量随库仑束缚势的增加而增大;振动频率 随约束强度和库仑束缚势增加而增大。     

多尺度无监督彩色图像分割

非采样Contourlet变换是一种新的多尺度多分辨率分析工具.本文提出了一种基于非采样Contourlet变换的彩色图像无监督分割算法.首先利用非采样Contourlet变换的平移不变性在其变换域应用梯度向量法提取图像多尺度边缘|然后在Contourlet变换域的低频子带和高频子带中分别提取局部低频能量纹理特征与高频多尺度Zernike矩纹理特征,并将二种纹理特征融合.最后在边缘图像中映射种子像素点,利用纹理和颜色特征欧氏距离,对彩色图像采用区域生长和区域合并的方法进行分割.实验结果证明:该算法将图像空间域的颜色特征与非采样Contourlet变换域的多尺度边缘和纹理特征恰当结合在一起实现彩色图像无监督自动分割,与传统算法相比有更高的准确性和鲁棒性.     

抛物量子线中束缚极化子激发态的性质

本文研究库仑场对抛物量子线中强耦合束缚极化子激发态性质的影响。采用Huybrechts线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法计算了抛物量子线中强耦合束缚极化子的第一内部激发态能量、激发能量和振动频率。数值计算表明：强耦合束缚极化子的第一内部激发态能量和激发能量都随约束强度的增加而增大;但第一激发态能量随库仑束缚势的增加而减少,而激发能量随库仑束缚势的增加而增大;振动频率 随约束强度和库仑束缚势增加而增大。     

Multi-frequency excitation of stiffened triangular plates for large amplitude oscillations

Free and forced vibrations of triangular plate are investigated. Diverse types of stiffeners were attached onto the plate to suppress the undesirable large-amplitude oscillations. The governing equation of motion for a triangular plate, based on the von Kármán theory, is developed and the nonlinear ordinary differential equation of the system using Galerkin approach is obtained. Closed-form expressions for the free undamped and large-amplitude vibration of an orthotropic triangular elastic plate are presented using the two well-known analytical methods, namely, the energy balance method and the variational approach. The frequency responses in the closed-form are presented and their sensitivities with respect to the initial amplitudes are studied. An error analysis is performed and the vibration behavior, as well as the accuracy of the solution methods, is evaluated. Different types of the stiffened triangular plates are considered in order to cover a wide range of practical applications. Numerical simulations are carried out and the validity of the solution procedure is explored. It is demonstrated that the two methods of energy balance and variational approach have been quite straightforward and reliable techniques to solve those nonlinear differential equations. Subsequently, due to the importance of multiple resonant responses in engineering design, multi-frequency excitations are considered. It is assumed that three periodic forces are applied to the plate in three specific positions. The multiple time scaling method is utilized to obtain approximate solutions for the frequency resonance cases. Influences of different parameters, namely, the position of applied forces, geometry and the number of stiffeners on the frequency response of the triangular plates are examined.     

Active control of geometrically nonlinear transient vibration of composite plates with piezoelectric actuators

In this paper, the incremental finite element equations for geometric non-linear analysis of piezoelectric smart structures are developed using a total Lagrange approach by using virtual velocity incremental variational principles. A four-node first order shear plate element model with reduced and selective integration is also developed. Geometrically non-linear transient vibration response and control of plates with piezoelectric patches subjected to pulse loads are investigated. Active damping is introduced on the plates by coupling a self-sensing and negative velocity feedback algorithm in a closed control loop. The numerical results show that piezoelectric actuators can introduce significant damping and suppress transient vibration effectively. The effects of the number and locations of the piezoelectric actuators on the control system are also discussed.     

Large amplitude flexural vibration of stiffened plates

The large amplitude free flexural vibration of thin, elastic orthotropic stiffened plates is studied. The boundary conditions considered are either simply supported on all edges or clamped on all edges and the in-plane edge conditions are either immovable or movable. The governing dynamic equations are derived in terms of non-dimensional parameters describing the stiffening achieved, and the solutions are obtained on the basis of an assumed one-term vibration mode shape for various stiffener combinations. In all cases, the non-linearity is found to be of the hardening type (i.e., the period of non-linear vibration decreases with increasing amplitude). Some interesting conclusions are drawn as to the effect of the stiffening parameters on the non-linear behaviour. A simple method of predicting the postbuckling and static large deflection behaviour from the results obtained in this analysis is included.     

The flexural vibration of welded rectangular plates

A theoretical and experimental study of the effect of weld runs on the flexural vibrational characteristics of the common structural element, the rectangular plate, is described. A finite difference technique is utilized for the determination of the in-plane residual stress pattern due to the weld(s) and the Rayleigh-Ritz method, with beam characteristic functions, is used for the out-of-plane vibration analysis. The theoretical approach presented is applicable to rectangular plates of any practical aspect ratio, having any combination of out-of-plane boundary conditions for which beam functions may reasonably be used and subject to one or more weld runs parallel to any edge. Theoretical and experimental results for a number of specific plates are presented, demonstrating the effects of welding on the plate vibration and the capability and accuracy of the analytical approach in predicting these effects. Included is a study of the effect of using the full residual stress pattern as derived from the finite difference analysis, the effect of neglecting certain stress components and the effect of using simplified stress patterns developed primarily for the stress and buckling analysis of long plates.     

Free vibration of continuous polar orthotropic annular and circular plates

The free vibration of a polar orthotropic annular plate supported on concentric circles is analyzed by the Ritz method with use of Lagrange multipliers. A trial function for the deflection of the plate is expressed in terms of simple power series, and a frequency equation for the plate is derived by the condition for minimizing the total potential energy with the constraint equations included. In the numerical examples it is also shown that the method can directly yield quite accurate frequency values for a solid circular plate. Natural frequencies of annular and circular plates are calculated for wide ranges of the support location and orthotropic parameters.     

Design and analysis of a scaled model of a high-rise, high-speed elevator

A novel scaled model is developed to simulate the linear lateral dynamics of a hoist cable with variable length in a high-rise, high-speed elevator. The dimensionless groups used to formulate the scaling laws are derived through dimensional analysis. The model parameters are selected based on the scaling laws and are subject to the material, size, and hardware constraints. It is demonstrated that while it is impossible to obtain a fully scaled model unless the model is extremely tall, a reasonably sized model can be designed and the scaling laws that are not satisfied can be rendered to have a minimal effect on the scaling between the model and prototype. In conjunction with the model design, an analysis of model tension in a closed band loop is developed. A new movement profile that ensures a continuous jerk function during the entire period of motion is derived. The dynamic response of the prototype cable and that of the model band under consideration are compared numerically. Practical considerations that occur in the design of the model are addressed. The methodology can be used to investigate the vibration of a very long cable in other applications.     

The determination of electrical parameters of quartz crystal resonators with the consideration of dissipation

Recently, as the dissipation of quartz crystal through material viscosity is being considered in vibrations of piezoelectric plates, we have the opportunity to obtain electrical parameters from vibration solutions of a crystal plate representing an ideal resonator. Since the solutions are readily available with complex elastic constants from Mindlin plate equations for thickness-shear vibrations, the calculation of resistance and other parameters related to both mechanical deformation and electrical potential is straightforward. We start with the first-order Mindlin plate equations of a piezoelectric plate for the thickness-shear vibration analysis of a simple resonator model. The electrical parameters are derived with emphasis on the resistance that is related to the imaginary part of complex elastic constants, or the viscosity. All the electrical parameters are frequency dependent, enabling the study of the frequency behavior of crystal resonators with a direct formulation. Through the full consideration of complications like partial electrodes and supporting structures, we should be able obtain electrical parameters for practical applications in resonator design.     

Statistical energy analysis of inhomogeneous systems with slowly varying properties

This paper is concerned with the analysis of high frequency vibrations of inhomogeneous systems with slowly varying properties subjected to harmonic excitation. A formula for the spatial scaling of the vibrational energy density of such systems is derived and is used to predict the mean and the variance of their vibrational energy response. The derivations are based on the assumption that waves propagate with negligible partial reflections in the systems, which holds when the relative variation of the properties of the systems is small over a wavelength of vibration. To validate the theoretical findings, numerical simulations of two plate systems are performed: a plate with a linearly varying thickness and a plate with a thickness bump.     

Calculation of multi-layer plate damper under one-axial load

A multi-layer damper with waved plates under one-axial load is considered. A method of theoretical calculation of its energy dissipation coefficient is proposed. An experimental research of own frequencies and vibration transfer ratios for different parameters of damper structure, harmonic vibration load and random load is performed. Results of this research are approximated by functions; it is possible to use these functions for the calculation of the damper too.     

Vibration and damping analysis of multilayered rectangular plates with constrained viscoelastic layers

Governing equations of motion for vibrations of a general multilayered plate consisting of an arbitrary number of alternate stiff and soft layers of orthotropic materials are derived by using variational principles. Extension, bending and in-plane shear deformations in stiff layers and only transverse shear deformations in soft layers are considered as in conventional sandwich structural analysis. In addition to transverse inertia, longitudinal translatory and rotary inertias are included, as such analysis gives higher order modes of vibration and leads to accurate results for relatively thick plates. Vibration and damping analysis of rectangular simply supported plates consisting of alternate elastic and viscoelastic layers is carried out by taking a series solution and applying the correspondence principle of linear viscoelasticity. The damping effectiveness, in term of the system loss factor, for all families of modes for three-, five- and seven-layered plates is evaluated and its variations with geometrical and material property parameters are investigated.