RbH(X1∑+,v=O～2)能级与H2碰撞振动能量转移

利用积分时间分辨荧光光谱方法,研究了RbH(X1∑+,v=0～2)与H2间的振动碰撞能量转移.在Rb-H2混合样品池中,泵浦激光双光子激发Rb原子至6D态,Rb(6D)与H2反应生成RbH(x1∑+)分子,探测激光延迟泵浦激光20 ns,通过激光感应荧光光谱(LIF)的测量,确定了X1∑+(v=0～2,J)原生态的转动...     

热氢原子碰撞导致的CO2(v3)的高振动激发

用时间分辨-傅里叶变换红外发射光谱研究了热的氢原子与C02分子间高效率的平动—振动(T—V)能传递．热的氢原子由ArF激光光解H2S得到，这种氢原子的平动能为223kJ／mo1。实验中观察到了从2130cm^-1到2400cm^-1的红外发射谱带，它归属于高振动激发的CO2分子的非对称伸缩振动(v3)．对这一发射谱带的光谱拟合显示CO2的非对称伸缩振动被激发到了较高的振动态，振动量子数达到了v=7。并且有5580cm^-1的能量经传能过程由氢原子到达了CO2的v3模。实验条件下氢原子与C02的T—V传能效率为0.30。实验结果与Schatz等人的用3D半经典计算预测的碰撞截面符合的很好．     

高分辨交叉分子束实验研究F+HD→DF+H在碰撞能为8.19～ 18.98 kJ/mol的反应

运用高分辨的H原子里德堡标记飞行时间谱方法, 研究了F+HD→DF+H反应在碰撞能为8.19～18.98 kJ/mol的动力学过程. 获取了产物振转态分辨的微分截面. 在低碰撞能,DF产物主要为后向散射;随着碰撞能的增加侧向散射产物增强. 除了后向和侧向散射产物,还首次观察到了该反应中的DF(v′=4)前向散射产物. 随着碰撞能的增加,DF(v′=4)前向散射产物逐渐增强. 分析了总能量在产物振动、转动和平动中的分配随碰撞能以及散射角的变化;获得了DF产物的振动分支比随碰撞能的变化关系. 同时也对DF(v     

热氢原子碰撞导致的CO_2(ν_3)的高振动激发(英文)

用时间分辨 傅里叶变换红外发射光谱研究了热的氢原子与CO2 分子间高效率的平动 振动 (T V)能传递 .热的氢原子由ArF激光光解H2 S得到 ,这种氢原子的平动能为 2 2 3kJ/mol .实验中观察到了从 2 130cm-1到2 4 0 0cm-1的红外发射谱带 ,它归属于高振动激发的CO2 分子的非对称伸缩振动 (ν3 ) .对这一发射谱带的光谱拟合显示CO2 的非对称伸缩振动被激发到了较高的振动态 ,振动量子数达到了v =7.并且有 5 5 80cm-1的能量经传能过程由氢原子到达了CO2 的ν3 模 .实验条件下氢原子与CO2 的T V传能效率为 0 .30 .实验结果与Schatz等人的用 3D半经典计算预测的碰撞截面符合的很好 .     

高振动激发K_2与CO_2间弱碰撞和强碰撞的分支比

受激发射泵浦激发K2到X1Σ+g(v″=40,53)振动态.K2(v″)与CO2碰撞,瞬时泛频激光诱导荧光(LIF)测得CO2(0000,J)的初生态布居,其半对数描绘给出了双指数分布.在池温为600 K时,对于v″=40和53,低转动温度T,分别为581±70 K与621±76 K,而高转动温度分别为1395±167 K与1556±187K.T1和T2分别对应于弱碰撞和强碰撞.转动分布对K2(v″)的能量是敏感的,但弱,强碰撞分支比基本相同.利用瞬时泛频LIF强度的相对变化,得到CO2J态的出现和倒空速率系数.确定了CO2平均角动量改变ΔJ和平均反冲速度改变Δvrel间的关系.对于相同角动量的改变,K2(v″)能量增加25%,反冲速度增加约47%.对于K2(v″=40,53)-CO2碰撞,得到了能量转移概率分布函数P(ΔE).     

碰撞反应Ca+C2H5Br和Ca+nC3H7Br产物CaBr的内能态分布

采用准经典轨线方法研究了碰撞反应Ca+C2H5Br和Ca+nC3H7Br产物CaBr的内能态分布,计算了产物分子CaBr的平均振动、转动和平动能量以及总可资用能量.结果表明,当碰撞能为7.54kJ/mol时,产物的能量主要为振动能量;随着碰撞能增加,产物的平动能和转动能增加,而振动能略微减小,最可几振动态向较低振动能级移动;反应物分子内能态分布对产物分子的内能态分布影响很小;反应基团越大,产物的振动能占总可资用能量的比例就越高.碰撞反应Ca+C2H5Br和Ca+nC3H7Br均存在两条竞争的反应路径迁移相碰和直接反应路径.前者产生高振动激发态产物CaBr,后者引起C-Br键断裂.当碰撞能增加时,两种反应均倾向于后者.     

RbH(X1∑+,v=O～2)能级与H2碰撞振动能量转移

利用积分时间分辨荧光光谱方法,研究了RbH(X1Σ+,v=0～2)与H2间的振动碰撞能量转移。在Rb-H2混合样品池中,泵浦激光双光子激发Rb原子至6D态,Rb(6D)与H2反应生成RbH(X1Σ+)分子,探测激光延迟泵浦激光20ns,通过激光感应荧光光谱(LIF)的测量,确定了X1Σ+(v=0～2,J)原生态的转动布居分布。增加检测激光与泵浦激光的延迟时间,测量了0～10μs延迟时间内各振动态时间分辨LIF强度,v=0,1能级荧光信号先增加后缓慢减弱,这是因为RbH在瞬间形成后通过碰撞转移和扩散而减少所致。通过速率方程分析,并利用振动能级上布居数变化与积分时间分辨荧光强度的关系,得到v=1→v=0和v=2→v=1的碰撞转移速率系数分别为(2.8±0.6)×10-11cm3·s-1和(3.4±0.8)×10-11cm3·s-1。而v=0,1,2的扩散率分别为(4.9±1.1)×105,(1.0±0.3)×105,(0.6±0.2)×105s-1。实验表明,v=2能级上布居数衰减率最大。     

高位振动态RbH(X1∑+,v″≧15)与CO2碰撞转移中的能量相关性

研究了高位振动态RbH(X1∑+,v″=15～21)与CO2碰撞转移过程.脉冲激光激发RbH至高位态,利用激光感应荧光光谱(LIF)得到RbH(X1∑+,v″)与CO2的猝灭速率系数kv″(CO2),kv″=21(CO2)=2.7kv″=15(CO2).利用激光泛频光谱技术,测量了CO2(0000,J)高转动态分布,得到了转动温度,从而获得了平均转动能＜Erot＞和转动能的变化＜△Erot＞,发现＜△Erot＞v″=21≈2.9＜△Erot＞v″=15.对于v″=16,证实了振动—振动能量转移的4-1近共振过程.在一次碰撞条件下,通过速率方程分析,得到RH(v″)-CO2振转速率系数.对于v″=15,J=32-48,速率系数在1.25-0.33×10-13 cm3 s-1.之间;对于v″=21,速率系数在2.47-1.53×10-13 cm3 s-1之间,其能量相关性是明显的.     

激光诱导荧光法研究CH_2Cl_2分子的振动能量转移

本文中用激光诱导荧光法首次研究了有机分子CH_2Cl_2分子的振动能量转移。实验测得了CH_2Cl_2分子的υ_3和υ_3/υ_9振动模的激活和消激活速率常数,以及稀有气体分子对CH_2Cl_2分子的υ_3/υ_9振动模消激活的影响。用SSH理论计算了CH_2Cl_2-稀有气体碰撞,CH_2Cl_2分子υ_3/υ_9的V-T能量转移相对几率,分析讨论了CH_2Cl_2分子的振动能量转移的通道。     

低碰撞能下H+HF(v=3,j=0)反应的量子动力学研究

报道了H原子和振动激发的HF(v=3,j=0)分子在低碰撞能下的量子反应动力学研究.计算结果表明:在低碰撞能下,散射主要以非反应过程为主;振动激发有利于反应的进行;在小于10-4eV碰撞能下,非反应非弹性散射截面和反应截面的比值约为3.在反应截面上发现了Feshbach共振现象,证实是由反应通道上紧邻反应势垒的H…HF(v=3,j=1～3)的范德瓦尔斯聚合体存在的准束缚态所形成.     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

国外超导材料技术研究政策和方向

超导材料技术是21世纪具有战略意义的高新技术,极具发展潜力和市场前景。世界各发达国家纷纷制定研发计划,给予高度重视和大力支持,加快超导材料技术的基础研究和产业化发展。主要从美国、日本、欧洲国家、韩国等国家的相关研发计划、政策以及主要科研机构的研发概况出发,阐明目前国外超导材料技术的研究政策和方向。