耦合结构有机微腔的光致发光特性

耦合光学微腔(Coupled optical microcavity,CMC)是一种特殊结构的微腔,在耦合微腔中,两个独立的微腔相邻耦合在一起.通常一个腔是无源的,另一个腔是有源的.首次研究了有机材料在耦合微腔中的自发发射特性.实验采用的有机发光材料为八羟基喹啉铝Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminium(Alq₃),器件的结构为Glass/DBR_A/Filler/DBR_B/Alq₃/DBR_C.底部腔是无源的,组成为DBR_A/Filler/DBR_B.顶部腔是有源的,由DBR_B/Alq₃/DBR_C构成.其中反射镜DBR_A、DBR_B、DBR_C以及填充层(Filler)均由光学介质材料构成.通过结构设计使两个腔的谐振波长均位于530nm.耦合微腔器件与单层Alq₃薄膜相比较,Alq₃薄膜的光致发光光谱是峰值位于511nm的宽谱带,而在耦合微腔器件中观察到的是具有两个腔模式,峰值波长分别位于518,553nm的增强并窄化的光谱.这是由于两个腔的光场耦合引起了腔模式分裂.结果表明耦合微腔能极大地改变有机材料的自发发射特性,可以用来提高器件的发光效率.     

Time-resolved and cw photoluminescence from strongly coupled organic microcavities

The optical properties of microcavities (MCs) are strongly dependent on both polarization of incident and emitted light and its angle of observation. Here we report the measurements of cw- and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) observed at negative detuning and at resonance for s- and p-polarization in the strong coupling regime of a planar MC containing J-aggregates of a cyanine dye. Following non-resonant excitation, the emission spectra consist of three types of features: direct J-aggregate exciton emission, polariton emission, and uncoupled monomer emission through the transmission maxima of the distributed Bragg reflector beyond the stop-band. We compare our experimental results with a transfer-matrix calculation of the transmission for s- and p-polarization and explain the different positions of the polariton branches, the stop-band width, and the high- and low energy transmission maxima of the MC. Time-resolved PL experiments show an increase in the decay lifetime of the exciton-like mode when it is positioned far from the cavity mode. Close to resonance, the lower polariton branch decays with the natural lifetime of the J-aggregates.     

微腔激光器速率方程分析

推出了至少有一维尺寸在发射波长量级的微腔激光器的光输出特性，首次得到了无辐射衰减速率不等于零时速率方程的角析解。结果表明，微腔激光器自发发射到腔模的较高的合效率使激发特性和传统的激光器有很大的不同。     

Approximate analytic expressions for calculation of spontaneous emission spectra for a quantum well embedded in a planar microcavity

The control of spontaneous emission is one of important characteristics of a planar microcavity. The integrals in the spherical coordinate for TE and TM modes spontaneous emission spectra of a quantum well (QW) embedded in a planar microcavity are derived with new variables dependent on wavelength and Taylor series including the two polarizations of the vacuum field. The approximate expressions of spontaneous emission in QW planar microcavities are obtained. The approximate results show that spontaneous emission spectra agree well with that in the numerical integral for planar semiconductor microcavities, in which Fermi-Dirac distribution functions of electrons and holes are considered. The main contribution to the spontaneous emission, radiated into all direction, has been found.     

Enhanced emission of single quantum dot formed by interface fluctuations in photonic-crystal microcavities

We fabricated photonic-crystal (PhC) microcavities tuned to GaAs quantum dots (QDs) formed by interface fluctuation for the first time and observed the spontaneous emission enhancement in a weak coupling regime. A QD is a very thin GaAs quantum well (QW), and its interface steps exhibit quantum dot-like behavior. The emission intensity from the PhC cavity was stronger than that from the area where no PhC pattern was fabricated and the overall shape of the photoluminescence (PL) agreed with the cavity mode calculated with the three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. The spontaneous emission enhancement factor was 10.     

Single-mode spontaneous emission from a single quantum dot in a three-dimensional microcavity

The spontaneous emission from an isolated semiconductor quantum dot state has been coupled with high efficiency to a single, polarization-degenerate cavity mode. The InAs quantum dot is epitaxially formed and embedded in a planar epitaxial microcavity, which is processed into a post of submicron diameter. The single quantum dot spontaneous emission lifetime is reduced from the noncavity value of 1.3 ns to 280 ps, resulting in a single-mode spontaneous emission coupling efficiency of 78%.     

基于飞秒激光直写的单向单模耦合微腔

对具有高Q值的回音壁模式微腔进行调制来获得单向单模输出,对研究腔光力学和开发高质量的微激光具有重要意义.本文对利用飞秒激光直写加工的耦合回音壁模式微腔的研究进行了简要回顾,具体介绍了微腔结构设计、加工过程、激射和耦合机制研究等.利用飞秒激光直写加工的强大三维图案化能力,灵活地设计实现了具有集成功能的单个微腔和具有不同空间组合位置的多个耦合微腔.基于耦合微腔的微激光具有低阂值,同时显示出良好的单模特性和单向性.结合理论模拟可以证实,微腔与微腔/光栅之间的耦合,一方面支持游标效应和集成滤波两种选模方式,另一方面能够破坏微腔的旋转对称性从而获得单向输出,从而实现了对微腔输出的有效调控.     

Spontaneous emission in micro- and nano-structures

Spontaneous emission of emitters governing the performance of optoelectronic devices is a fundamental phenomenon, and it has strong environment-dependent characteristics. In this article, we mainly review the experimental and theoretical progresses in the control of spontaneous emission by manipulating optical modes with photonic crystals, optical microcavities and metallic nanostructures. The spontaneous emission from emitters in photonic crystals can be modified by the local density of states, and by employing photonic crystals, the devices’ efficiency is enhanced, the angular radiation pattern can be engineered, and highly efficient optoelectronic devices are achieved through decreasing the radiative lifetime. In quantum optical devices, microcavities would alter the lifetime of an excited state through tuning the resonance in the frequency and positioning between the emitters and cavity field, and inducing the emitters to emit spontaneous photons in a desired direction. The emerging enhanced electromagnetic field near metallic nanostructures can help to control and manipulate the spontaneous emission of an emitter. The use of micro- and nano-structures to manipulate spontaneous emission will open unprecedented opportunities for realizing functional photonic devices.     

Spontaneous emission in micro- and nano-structures

Spontaneous emission of emitters governing the performance of optoelectronic devices is a fundamental phenomenon, and it has strong environment-dependent characteristics. In this article, we mainly review the experimental and theoretical progresses in the control of spontaneous emission by manipulating optical modes with photonic crystals, optical microcavities and metallic nanostructures. The spontaneous emission from emitters in photonic crystals can be modified by the local density of states, and by employing photonic crystals, the devices’ efficiency is enhanced, the angular radiation pattern can be engineered, and highly efficient optoelectronic devices are achieved through decreasing the radiative lifetime. In quantum optical devices, microcavities would alter the lifetime of an excited state through tuning the resonance in the frequency and positioning between the emitters and cavity field, and inducing the emitters to emit spontaneous photons in a desired direction. The emerging enhanced electromagnetic field near metallic nanostructures can help to control and manipulate the spontaneous emission of an emitter. The use of micro- and nano-structures to manipulate spontaneous emission will open unprecedented opportunities for realizing functional photonic devices.     

Collective effects in the dynamics of driven atoms in a high-Q resonator

We study the quantum dynamics of N coherently driven two-level atoms coupled to an optical resonator. In the strong coupling regime the cavity field generated by atomic scattering interferes destructively with the pump on the atoms. This suppresses atomic excitation and even for strong driving fields prevents atomic saturation, while the stationary intracavity field amplitude is almost independent of the atom number. The magnitude of the interference effect depends on the detuning between laser and cavity field and on the relative atomic positions and is strongest for a wavelength spaced lattice of atoms placed at the antinodes of the cavity mode. In this case three dimensional intensity minima are created in the vicinity of each atom. In this regime spontaneous emission is suppressed and the dominant loss channel is cavity decay. Even for a cavity linewidth larger than the atomic natural width, one regains strong interference through the cooperative action of a sufficiently large number of atoms. These results give a new key to understand recent experiments on collective cavity cooling and may allow to implement fast tailored atom-atom interactions as well as nonperturbative particle detection with very small energy transfer.Received: 18 May 2004, Published online: 19 October 2004PACS: 32.80.Pj Optical cooling of atoms; trapping - 42.50.Pq Cavity quantum electrodynamics; micromasers - 42.50.Fx Cooperative phenomena in quantum optical systems