稀土掺杂锰氧化物庞磁电阻效应

过去十多年来，具有庞磁电阻效应的稀土掺杂锰氧化物成为了凝聚态物理研究的重要领域。锰氧化物的载流子自旋极化率高，且在居里温度附近表现出很大的磁电阻效应，因此在自旋电子学中有潜在的应用前景。另一方面，锰氧化物是典型的强关联电子体系，它对目前有关强关联体系的认识提出了很大挑战。本文综述了锰氧化物的各种性质及其物理原因。全文首先概述了锰氧化物的庞磁电阻效应及其晶格和电子结构，简单介绍了其他一些庞磁电阻材料；随后综述了锰氧化物的电荷／轨道有序相及其输运性质；在第四部分简单介绍了锰氧化物中庞磁电阻效应的机制；最后讨论了锰氧化物的一些可能的应用，如低场磁电阻效应、磁隧道结、磁p-n结以及全钙钛矿的场效应管和自旋极化电子注入装置等。     

稀土锰氧化物的低场磁电阻效应

具有庞磁电阻效应的掺杂稀土锰氧化物因为其高的自旋极化率和自旋极化输运行为而表现出显著的低场磁电阻效应。这一效应在氧化物自旋电子学中有着深远的潜在应用前景。本文综述了国内外近年来在锰氧化物低场磁电阻增强这一研究领域的进展和存在的一些问题。全文分三个部分，首先概述了基于自旋极化散射和自旋极化隧穿两种输运机制的磁电阻理论；然后重点介绍掺杂稀土锰氧化物低场磁电阻增强的主要研究进展，这些进展背后的基本物理图象是通过人为引入自旋无序介质形成自旋极化散射和自旋极化隧穿，从而增强其低场磁电阻；第三部分讨论了基于掺杂稀土锰氧化物的磁性隧道结制备和输运性质。本文最后提出了锰氧化物低场磁电阻增强研究应该关注的一些物理问题。     

磁电子学讲座 第二讲 掺杂稀土锰氧化物的巨磁电阻效应

介绍了掺杂稀土锰氧化物的巨磁电阻效应研究概况和最新进展．在综合目前实验和理论研究结果的基础上，对在掺杂稀土锰氧化物材料中引起巨磁电阻效应的物理机制进行了探讨．对这一材料的应用前景和需要做的工作进行了讨论     

掺杂稀土锰氧化物的巨磁电阻效应

介绍了掺杂稀土锰氧化物的巨磁电阻效应研究概况和最新进展，在综合目前实验和理论研究结果的基础上，对在掺杂稀土锰氧化物材料中引起巨磁电阻效应的物理机制进行了探讨，对这一材料的应用前景和需要做的工作进行了讨论。     

稀土掺杂锰氧化物庞磁电阻效应

过去十多年来,具有庞磁电阻效应的稀土掺杂锰氧化物成为了凝聚态物理研究的重要领域。锰氧化物的载流子自旋极化率高,且在居里温度附近表现出很大的磁电阻效应,因此在自旋电子学中有潜在的应用前景。另一方面,锰氧化物是典型的强关联电子体系,它对目前有关强关联体系的认识提出了很大挑战。本文综述了锰氧化物的各种性质及其物理原因。全文首先概述了锰氧化物的庞磁电阻效应及其晶格和电子结构,简单介绍了其他一些庞磁电阻材料;随后综述了锰氧化物的电荷/轨道有序相及其输运性质;在第四部分简单介绍了锰氧化物中庞磁电阻效应的机制;最后讨论了锰氧化物的一些可能的应用,如低场磁电阻效应、磁隧道结、磁p＿n结以及全钙钛矿的场效应管和自旋极化电子注入装置等。     

利用碳纳米管中的自旋和轨道自由度

电子自旋在信息处理中可以被作为二元变量使用，分别表示为自旋↑和↓，一个成功的例子是：计算机硬盘的读出头．这一器件的工作原理是基于巨磁电阻效应，即磁电阻大小的自旋取向依赖性．巨磁电阻现象的发现者AlbertFert和PeterGriinberg获得了2007年度诺贝尔物理奖．对于自旋态的操控和探测构成了自旋电子学的基础．在自旋电子学器件中，     

自旋阀与多层膜巨磁电阻的特性测量及比较

介绍磁性多层膜中自旋极化输运和巨磁电阻效应,简述自旋阀巨磁电阻与多层膜巨磁电阻在材料组成结构和工作原理方面的区别,利用和改造现有的高校物理实验室中的实验仪器并设计简易的实验电路测量这两种类型的巨磁电阻的磁敏特性,并根据实验测量的结果将这两种传感器在其灵敏度和测量范围上进行比较和研究.     

第五讲 自旋极化输运及隧道巨磁电阻效应

简要回顾了利用量子隧道效应测定铁磁金属传导电子自旋极化率的研究历史，综述了自旋极化电子隧穿产应导致的“铁磁金属／非磁绝缘体／铁磁金属”三层平面型隧道结中的巨磁电阻效应以及“铁磁金属／非磁绝缘体”颗粒膜系统中的隧穿类型巨磁电阻效应的研究进展。     

磁电子学讲座 第五讲 自旋极化输运及隧道巨磁电阻效应

简要回顾了利用量子隧道效应测定铁磁金属传导电子自旋极化率的研究历史．综述了自旋极化电子隧穿效应导致的“铁磁金属／非磁绝缘体／铁磁金属”三层平面型隧道结（简称ＦＭ／Ｉ／ＦＭ隧道结）中的巨磁电阻效应以及“铁磁金属／非磁绝缘体”颗粒膜系统中的隧穿类型巨磁电阻效应的研究进展．     

巨磁电阻效应及应用设计性物理实验的研究

测量巨磁电阻阻值与磁感应强度的关系,研究巨磁电阻效应特性,介绍巨磁电阻效应的物理原理、实验方法及应用,该近代物理学的研究成果,可作为大学物理实验教学内容.     

多晶钙钛矿锰氧化物中的巨磁电阻与磁场关系

本论文研究了多晶锰氧化物磁电阻和磁场的关系,在低温和低场下,磁性纳米团簇的磁矩转动和晶粒边界的自旋二级隧穿对磁电阻起主要作用因高于Tc时,由弱化强度随温度关系的实验结果指出顺磁态中已出现铁磁团簇,因此它类似于磁性颗粒膜中的巨磁电阻（CMR）机制;在顺磁－铁磁相变区,既有颗粒贡献又有界面的隧道贡献,这一理论模型与多晶La0.825Sr0.175MnO3中的实验结果很好地吻合。     

Giant magnetoresistance effect in a magnetic barrier nanostructure

The giant magnetoresistance (MR) effect is theoretically studied in a magnetically modulated two-dimensional electron gas. We find that the significant transmission difference for electron tunneling through parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations results in a considerable MR effect. We also find that the MR ratio strongly depends on the magnetic strength and the distance between the left edges of two ferromagnetic strips as well as the temperature.     

Congenital lymphangiectatic elephantiasis.

A case of a child with a rare giant congenital cavernous lymphangioma giving rise to elephantiasis of the left lower extremity is presented. Plain radiographs revealed underlying bone lesions and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging accurately defined extension of the process into the pelvis and retroperitoneum.     

Magnetoresistive properties of cold-pressed CrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> powder,prepared by hydrothermal synthesis

The resistive, magnetoresistive and magnetic properties of cold-pressed CrO₂, powder prepared by hydrothermal synthesis from chromic anhydride have been studied. The powder particles (with a mean diameter of about 120 nm) were nearly spherical. The particles stabilized with a β-CrOOH surface layer. The powder compact (with a Curie temperature of about 385 K) revealed nonmetallic temperature behavior of the resistance (with an R(T) dependence close to exponential at T < 20 K). A giant negative magnetoresistance (MR) (∼20% at T ≈ 5K) is found. MR decreased rapidly with an increase in temperature (to 0.3% at T > 200 K). Such MR behavior is shown to be typical of a system of magnetic grains with magnetic (spin-dependent) tunneling.     

Effects of layering and working pressure on magnetic and magnetotransport properties of as sputtered multilayered granular Co/Cu films

Heterogeneous films of CoCu having high giant magnetoresistance (MR) were prepared in the form of multilayered granular specimens by a two-target RF sputtering. MR performances of 11% at 293 K were obtained in as deposited granular films. The magnetic and magnetotransport properties could be changed to a large extent, by varying the thickness of the deposited Co (Cu) layer as well as the Ar pressure. The effect of Co concentration, in the range 5–30%, and the influence of thermal treatments were also analysed.     

A formal theory of the conductivity and application to the giant magnetoresistance

The transport in a system with inhomogeneous elastic scattering is described in terms of a probabilityconserved Boltzmann equation. We demonstrate that the spatially varied current density depends only on the voltage drop between the ends of the sample. This fact enables us to develop a formal and general theory for the conductivity without determining the actual electric field inside the sample. The theory is first applied to multilayer systems and shown to recover the previous theory. By including the spin-dependent interface scattering and bulk scattering, we employ our theory to account for the giant magnetoresistance (MR) in magnetic granular systems with both spherical and cylindrical granules. The results obtained reproduce the experimental dependence of the MR on annealing temperature.     

铁磁多层膜中的力致磁电阻效应

通过研究外应力场下铁磁多层膜系统中的自旋结构,讨论了系统磁电阻对外应力的依赖关系.结果表明,外应力能够诱发磁电阻效应,且其磁电阻紧密依赖于外应力的大小和方向.一般地对铁磁性层间耦合,其磁电阻与外应力之间的关系紧密地依赖于两铁磁层的磁致伸缩系数以及磁晶各向异性之差异.具体地,大小一定的外应力由磁易轴向磁难轴旋转的过程中,磁电阻先缓慢增大后急剧减小,在磁难轴附近变化较敏锐,并出现峰值.外应力方向一定时,磁电阻随应力的增大先敏锐增强后缓慢减小,且应力方向偏离磁易轴越远,变化趋势越显著.特别地,当外应力完全垂直于磁易轴时,应力大小的变化会引起磁电阻翻倍.而外应力场介于8πM/5≤H_λ≤18πM/5时,磁电阻会随应力的旋转单调上升,并在磁难轴附近急剧增强,产生GMR效应;对反铁磁性层间耦合,其GMR效应对应力大小和方向的响应近似地相反于铁磁性层间耦合情形. 关键词： 铁磁/非磁/铁磁三层膜 自旋结构 磁电阻 应力场     

Temperature dependence of giant magneto-resistance in PtMn- and Fe2O3-based specular spin valves

Temperature dependence of the giant magneto-resistance (MR) was measured for spin valves with and without nano-oxide layer (NOL). In spin valves with NOL, the MR ratio increased more remarkably on lowering the temperature than in those without NOL. The temperature dependence of MR ratio and that of the resistivity were explained by using two-current model. The MR ratio enhanced with NOL is attributed to the increase of the mean free path of up-spin electrons.     

GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE OF MAGNETIC SUPERLATTICES: QUANTUM SIZE EFFECT

In this paper the quantum size effect in giant magnetoresistance of magnetic superlattices is studied. The electrons are considered to be confined in a set of quantum wells, which are different for the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordering in magnetic superlattices. The oscillation of giant magnetoresistance with increasing thickness of the nonmagnetic spacer layer is explained. It is shown that the influence of quantum size effects on the giant magnetoresistance of magnetic superlattices is considerable.     

Experimental study and CFD simulation of rotational eccentric cylinder in a magnetorheological fluid

In this study, a magnetorheological (MR) fluid is prepared using carbonyl iron filings and low viscosity lubricating oil. The effects of magnetic field and weight percentage of particles on the viscosity of the MR fluid have been measured using a rotational viscometer. The yield stress under an applied magnetic field was also obtained experimentally. In the absence of an applied magnetic field, the MR fluid behaves as a Newtonian fluid. When the magnetic field is applied, the MR fluid behaves like Bingham plastics with a magnetic field dependent yield stress. Afterward, the results compared with those of CFD simulation of two eccentric cylinders in the MR fluid. Results show that the influences of MR effects, caused by the applied magnetic field, on the model characteristics are significant and not negligible. The viscosity is enhanced by increasing of the magnetic field, eccentricity ratio and weight percentage of suspensions. The MR effects and increasing of weight percentage and eccentricity ratio also provide an enhancement in the yield stresses and required total torque for rotation of inner cylinder. Also the simulation results indicate a good representation of the experiment by the model.