双横向电光克尔效应

理论分析了克尔(Kerr)介质在两个横向电场作用下的电光调制特性.并由此确定了具有双横向电光克尔效应的光学材料种类.采用折射率椭球方法分析可知,各向同性克尔介质和一些晶体在横向外加电场作用下,其电光相位延迟与外加电场幅值的平方成正比,与电场方向无关;而其电光双折射主轴方位角与外加电场的方向角成正比,与电场幅值无关,称这种电光调制特性为双横向电光克尔效应.理论分析结果表明,排除兼有泡克耳斯(Pockels)效应和电致旋光效应的材料,立方晶系432,m3m点群和六角晶系6/mmm点群的晶体以及所有各向同性光学介质具有双横向电光克尔效应.目前已有克尔常数较大的陶瓷玻璃材料研制成功,将有力地促进双横向电光效应在光学各领域中的广泛应用.     

空间用调Q偏振耦合输出棱镜谐振腔特性分析

为了优化棱镜谐振腔在调Q状态下的运转特性,充分利用琼斯矩阵光学分析棱镜谐振腔的特性,在不同材料棱镜情况下,比较了可变输出耦合率、泡克耳斯盒的消光比以及输出耦合率的调节.得到泡克耳斯盒在四分之一波长电压下能够得到比半波长电压更高的消光比,从而更适合在调Q工作状态下工作.     

双参量偏振调制光纤传感器输出信号的分离与线性化

分析了用一个传感头实现双参量测量的偏振调制光纤传感器的工作原理，表明该传感器能同时输出两路信号，其中一路利用泡克耳斯效应测电压或利用光弹效应测压力，另一种利用旋光效应测温度。但其输出的两个测量参量之间存在交叉敏感现象，并且其输出呈明显的非线性。因此提出一种基于人工神经网络的双参量偏振调制光纤传感器输出信号分离与线性化方法。以传感器输出作为输入样本，测量参量的实际值作为输出样本，通过训练使神经网络建立传感器输出与其实际感受的测量值之间的复杂非线性关系。计算机仿真与实验结果表明，该方法不仅能在较宽的测量范围内有效地分离两个测量参量，而且能在神经网络的输出端得到理想的线性输出。     

偏振光学编码及解码研究

提出了用 Li Nb O3晶体制作的光耦合双泡克耳斯楔编码器的设计方法 ,分析了在远场空间的偏振编码原理 ,并对其用琼斯矩阵法作了解码分析     

偏振学编码及解码研究

提出了用LiNbO3晶体制作的光耦合双泡克耳斯楔编码器的设计方法，分析了在远场空间的偏振编码原理，并对其用琼斯矩阵法作了解码分析。     

电光调制器

电光调制器许多电光调制器取决于两个非纷院光学效应中的一个：即泡克耳效应和克尔效应。在这两种现象中，光学材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度成比例。如果材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度成正比，则称它为泡克耳效应；如果材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度的平方成比例，...     

280mm×280mm口径单脉冲过程电光开关

用于高功率惯性约束聚变(ICF)激光驱动器的大口径电光开关均采用等离子体电极泡克耳斯盒。与传统的等离子体电极电光开关原理不同,单脉冲过程驱动电光开关没有独立的大电流等离子体发生单元,而只是通过具有较高幅值的正负开关脉冲完成对大口径电光开关的驱动。介绍单脉冲过程驱动等离子体电极泡克耳斯盒电光开关的设计,并建立280 mm×280 mm口径电光开关实验平台,利用连续激光器测试了电光开关特性,实验测得该电光开关中心处开关效率为99.3%,开关上升时间为90 ns。     

迈克耳孙干涉仪应用功能的扩展

通过对迈克耳孙干涉仪的简易改装,实现了光速测量、透明固体和液体的折射率测量、金属丝弹性模量测量以及多普勒效应的演示,拓展了迈克耳孙干涉仪的应用功能.     

范德瓦耳斯体系中的量子层电子学

范德瓦耳斯体系中层间耦合的存在使电子波函数扩展分布在各层上,使得空间离散的层自由度成为量子力学自由度.层自由度与电子质心自由度的耦合塑造了动量空间中非平庸的层赝自旋结构,导致丰富的量子几何性质.这些性质为晶格失配的范德瓦耳斯体系所独有,引起各种新颖的输运和光学效应,线性和非线性响应,并为多种器件应用提供新思路,成为量子层电子学研究的前沿课题.本文简要评述了这一范德瓦耳斯材料体系中的新兴研究方向,并结合量子层电子学与非线性电子学、转角电子学、手征电子学等新领域的交叉,对未来一段时间的发展进行展望.     

电学方法调控磁化翻转和磁畴壁运动的研究进展

电学方法调控磁性材料及器件的磁性是当前自旋电子学研究的热点之一.本综述简要介绍利用电学方法调控磁化翻转和磁畴壁运动的研究进展.首先简述了自旋极化电流的产生、自旋流与局域磁矩之间的作用原理以及对应的Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski磁动力学方程;然后分别讨论了单层磁性材料、铁磁层/重金属、铁磁层/非磁金属/铁磁层等不同结构中的电流诱导磁化翻转或驱动畴壁运动;最后介绍了利用压电效应、磁电耦合效应和栅极电场效应三种电压方式对磁矩的调控.在此基础上,对电学方法调控磁化翻转和磁畴壁运动进行了总结和展望.     

Role of the Radiation‐Reaction Electric Field in the Optical Response of Two‐Dimensional Crystals

A classical theory of a radiating two‐dimensional crystal is proposed and an expression for the radiation‐reaction electric field is derived. This field plays an essential role in connecting the microscopic electromagnetic fields acting on each dipole of the crystal to the macroscopic one, via the boundary conditions for the system. The expression of the radiative‐reaction electric field coincides with the macroscopic electric field radiating from the crystal and, summed to the incident electric field, generates the total macroscopic electric field.     

Fast ion transport in solids induced by an electric field

A theoretical model is suggested to describe the abrupt transition, induced by an electric field, of a cation sublattice in the ionic crystal bulk, as a result of which the crystal passes into the superionic conductivity state. The concepts which underlie the model are that the Frenkel defect interactions play an essential part in crystal, and the electric field greatly influences the defect formation energy. Expressions for the free energy of disordering, for the interstitial population in the crystal as a function of the strength of the electric field applied and for the critical value of the electric field which induces phase transitions have been obtained in terms of the mean field approximation. The first experimental data on the discovery and analysis of the jump in the ionic conductivity induced by an electric field, described previously, are discussed.     

平板电极间胶体晶体在电场作用下的各向同性压缩

用直径 300 nm的聚苯乙烯微球配制不同浓度的胶体晶体溶液, 将其快速注入内表面镀有导电薄膜的玻璃样品池中, 形成 (111) 晶面平行于玻璃表面的面心立方单晶结构. 通过激光衍射Kossel线方法, 研究了不同体积分数的胶体晶体样品 及它们在均匀电场作用下晶体结构的变化. 实验发现, 随着电场强度的增加, 胶体晶体表现为各向同性的压缩. 胶体晶体在恒定电场下始终保持面心立方结构, 晶格常数随着电场强度的增加逐渐减小. 实验结果可用电场力、电流体力学作用力及颗粒间静电斥力共同解释: 电场力使带电微球克服静电斥力并沿电场反方向运动导致晶体压缩, 而由电场力作用引起的电流体力学液流产生的持续推力使垂直于电场平面上的胶体微球相互靠近. 本实验为天宫一号搭载科学实验的地基实验. 关键词： 胶体晶体 Kossel衍射 结构变化     

Dynamics of domain-wall motion in ferroelectric liquid crystals in an electric field

The director reorientation in smectic liquid crystals with ferroelectric properties has been considered in the case where the interaction of liquid-crystal molecules with the surface leads to a partial unwinding of the helical structure of the liquid crystal and the reorientation occurs as a result of the domain-wall motion. The dependences of the velocity of domain-wall motion on the electric field strength, electric field variation frequency, boundary conditions, spontaneous polarization, and viscosity of the liquid crystal have been determined. It has been demonstrated that an increase in the electric field variation frequency or the polar part of the anchoring energy and the spontaneous polarization of the liquid crystal at a constant field frequency results in an increase of the velocity of domain-wall motion. As a consequence, the time of the electro-optic response of the liquid crystal in weak electric fields (from 0.4 to 2.0 V/μm) decreases by a factor of more than three.     

Theoretical resistance of an ionic crystal to destruction by an electric field

We describe an electrostriction mechanism for destruction of an ionic crystal by an electric field. We present a simple theory that transforms into the well-known Rogowskii theory when there is no electrostatic breakdown. We show that electrostatic breakdown of the crystal lattice is due to separation of nearestneighbor ions with different charges to the point where the electric field exceeds the interionic attractive forces. The theoretical tensile strength of a crystal lattice undergoing electrostriction by an electric field is 15 MV/cm.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 47–50, March, 1989.     

Domain pattern in ferroelectric triglycine sulphate using pyroelectric effect

A method to study domain structure in ferroelectrics, using pyroelectric effect is described. Variation of pyroelectric signal from the surface of a triglycine sulphate crystal plate has been studied by scanning the surface of the crystal with a low wattage He-Ne laser beam. The integrated pyroelectric signal is due to two components, namely, (1) the primary component arising out of the change in spontaneous polarization with temperature and (2) the delayed component arising out of the possible polarization reversal. The component of an electric field along the ferroelectric axis due to thermal hemisphere within the crystal plate formed by the laser beam has been calculated and shown to exceed coercive field, making polarization reversal possible. The delayed pyroelectric signal is a measure of polarization reversal within the patch illuminated and its observed variation over the surface yields information of the domain structure.     

Magnetic levitation of YBa2Cu3Oy single crystals

By using an ordinary electric balance, we are able to measure the magnetic levitation forces acting on a superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O_y (YBCO) single crystal. It is found that when the external magnetic field is parallel to the c-axis of the single crystal, the hysteretic levitation curve is similar to that of a melt-processed YBCO superconducting sample. However, when the external magnetic field is perpendicular to the c-axis of the YBCO single crystal, the levitation forces are too small to be measured by our equipment. Also, we have introduced a simple model with the Bean's approximations to explain the levitation forces. The critical current density derived from this model by fitting with experimental data is quite close to the value obtained from magnetization measurements.     

Absorption measurements in InSe:Ho single crystal under an electric field

InSe:Ho single crystal was grown by Bridgman-Stockberger method. Electric field effects on the absorption measurements have been investigated as a function of temperature in InSe:Ho single crystal. The absorption edge shifted towards longer wavelengths and a decrease of intensity in absorption spectra occurred under an electric field of 7.5 kV/cm. Using absorption measurements, steepness parameter and Urbach energy were calculated under electric field. Applied electric field caused an increase in the Urbach energy. At 10 K and 320 K, the first exciton energies were calculated as 1.322 and 1.301 eV for zero voltage and 1.245 and 1.232 eV for applied electric field, respectively.     

激光驱动晶体发射高次谐波的特性研究

通过数值模拟激光驱动下电子在周期性势阱中的动力学行为, 研究了晶体在激光场中发射高次谐波的特性. 研究发现在一定的激光波长和光强驱动下, 晶体发射的谐波谱会呈现出双平台结构, 经分析后得知第一个平台主要来自于最低导带与价带间的电流(电子-空穴对复合), 第二个平台主要来源于较高导带与价带间的电流(电子-空穴对复合), 且两个平台的截止位置处的能量都与激光场的振幅呈线性关系. 在少周期激光驱动下, 晶体谐波第二平台的截止位置与激光的载波相位呈单调变化, 由此我们提出可以利用晶体谐波第二平台的截止位置来确定少周期激光的载波相位. 进一步研究发现, 在啁啾激光驱动下, 晶体发射谐波谱的第二平台有较大变化, 第二平台的发射效率会随啁啾参数而改变, 能够通过改变啁啾激光场来提高晶体谐波第二平台的发射效率.     

Unusual thickness-dependent thermal behavior and anticlinic coupling in chiral smectic free-standing liquid-crystal films

We observe, in free-standing films of a chiral smectic liquid crystal, a series of discrete transitions in the relative orientation of the tilt of the interior and surface layers. These transitions include a remarkable reentrant synclinic-anticlinic-synclinic ordering sequence of the film surfaces in the presence of an electric field upon cooling. The profiles of the associated heat-capacity anomalies are found to be strongly thickness dependent and exhibit a novel crossover behavior in reduced dimensions. We measure the anticlinic coupling between tilted surface layers in the smectic- A phase.