落体法流体高压液相黏度实验系统

基于落体法原理研制了一套高压液相黏度实验测试系统,可测量的温度范围为293～363K,压力范围为0.1～45MPa。该套系统主要包括黏度计本体、落体下落时间测量系统、温度控制与测量系统、压力控制与测量系统等几部分。采用十二烷、十四烷、十六烷等物质对所研制的实验系统进行了标定,获得了其仪器系数,并确定了系统的黏度测量范围在0.576～4.081 mPa·s之间。在此基础上,测量了癸酸甲酯的高压液相黏度,并与文献结果进行了对比,验证了装置的可靠性,其测量的不确定度在3%以内。     

用于ICF实验中超热电子测量的数据采集系统

 针对超热电子测量中传统的非标采集系统带来的可靠性和集成度低、兼容性差等。缺点，介绍了一套完整的基于波形的数据采集系统，它包括了基于工业标准的VXI总线硬件模块，和在NI公司的集成开发环境LabWindows/CVI下所开发的完整控制软件程序。该数据采集系统可以取代传统的积分谱仪，应用于在激光打靶实验中的超热电子温度测量，还结合实验室测试结果对在不同的触发条件下该系统的性能进行了定量分析。     

HC1 270/HC600a的PVTX实验研究

在256-366 K范围内测量了HC1270/HC600a物系9个组成、73组PVTx数据,温度、压力、比容和组成的测量精度分别在±30 mK、±1.4 kPa、+0.18%和±0.33%以内.引入了泡点TVx测量.对两相区实验数据进行了平衡组成推算.     

HFC-143a和HFC-236fa饱和蒸气压的实验研究

改进了Burnett法PVTx性质实验台,温度和压力测量的最大不确定度分别为±10 mK和±400 Pa。精确测量了50组HFC-143a的饱和蒸气压实验数据,提出了一个5项的HFC-143a饱和蒸气压方程,适用于161.34 K到临界温度。与文献数据比较表明,改进后的实验台精度令人满意。测量了77组HFC-236fa的饱和蒸气压实验数据,温度范围为253-396 K,压力范围为44-3064 kPa。根据本文实验结果,拟合得到了一个Wagner型饱和蒸气压方程,与文献数据进行了比较,计算得到了HFC-236fa的正常沸点和偏心因子值。     

自发布里渊散射法异丙醚音速的实验测量

本文研制了一套基于自发布里渊散射法的流体音速测量实验系统,分析得到该实验系统温度、压力测量的不确定度分别为0.02 K,10 kPa,音速测量的扩展不确定度为0.5%。测量了标准物质正戊烷310 K到470 K饱和液体和350 K到470 K饱和气体的音速,与文献值比较得到,该实验测量值的测量偏差为2.5%左右,验证了本实验系统的可靠性与稳定性。在温度为303.15 K~453.15 K,压力达5.5 MPa范围内,对燃料添加剂异丙醚的饱和液体和过冷液体的音速进行了测量,并依据实验数据给出了异丙醚音速的经验关联式,关联式的计算偏差为0.51%(饱和液体)和0.54%(过冷液体)。     

流体机械内部流场动态测试系统及其应用

本文结合单倾斜热线和五孔探针测量方法，使用周期多点采样及集平均技术，自行研制开发了一套适合于流体机械内部流场动态测量的数据自动采集和实时处理系统，并将它应用于流体机械叶轮出口三维流场的测量。文中给出了两个测量例，验证了本方法和测试系统的实用性和可靠性。     

低温热导率测试系统的建立和自动化

介绍我们自行研制和开发的计算机控制低温热导率自动化测试系统.低温热导率测量采用稳态纵向热流法,可使用的温度范围为4.2～300K.在该系统中我们处理了小样品低温热导率测量中一些技术问题;研制了直接数字控制(DDC)的PID温度控制器;解决了数据的计算机采集和即时处理以及实验过程控制自动化等关键技术,实现了整个测量过程的全自动化.     

高温高压流体在线毛细管黏度测量

提出了一种适用于高温高压条件下的在线毛细管黏度测量方法,设计并搭建了相应的实验系统。通过与高温高压循环系统连接,可实现压力（约30MPa）、温度（约773K）范围内的流体黏度在线测量。利用该实验系统,在线测量了压力分别为12、23、25、28MPa下,温度303．46－383．28K范围内纯水的动力黏度。较之NIST文...     

分布式光纤温度压力传感器设计

为了实现油田井下温度压力的全分布式测量,提出了一种基于光纤散射原理的分布式温度压力测量方法。该方法通过对普通光纤进行封装设计,制作成传感光纤。由于光纤传感器周围流体的温度和压力会对传感光纤内的散射光产生调制作用,通过光纤解调仪解调出光纤拉曼散射参数和布里渊散射频移就能够实现温度和压力的实时在线测量。实验结果表明:设计的分布式光纤温度压力传感器可以实现的温度测量分辨率为0.1 ℃,压力测量分辨率为0.07 MPa。基本满足油田井下温度压力测量的全分布式、实时在线、可靠性高、精度高、抗干扰能力强等要求。     

碳酸二甲酯与烷烃混合物的临界性质

本文基于低停留时间流动法建立了一套临界性质实验测量系统,该系统温度和压力的测量不确定度分别小于0.20 K和5.2 kPa。首次测量了碳酸二甲酯与正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、正壬烷和正癸烷五种烷烃的二元混合体系的临界性质,结果表明:各混合体系的临界温度随碳酸二甲酯混合比例的增加呈抛物线变化,临界压力随混合体系中临界压力较大物质混合比例的增加而增大。运用Redlich-Kister方程对以上混合体系临界性质进行了关联,临界温度和临界压力的平均绝对偏差分别小于0.04%和0.25%.     

碳氢化合物/HFC227ea二元系的PVTx实验研究

对定容式 ＰＶＴｘ实验装置的恒温、测温和测压系统进行了改进，温度和压力基本测量精度提高到±５ｍＫ和±０．４ ｋＰａ．对 ＨＣ１２７０／ＨＦＣ２２７ｅａ、ＨＣ２９０／ＨＦＣ２２７ｅａ和 ＨＣ１７０／ＨＦＣ２２７ｅａ二元物系进行了 ＰＶＴｘ实验研究．     

二元物系HFC125/HFC152a的热力学性质研究

1引言二元混合工质HFC125／HFC152a臭氧破坏势为零，具有替代CFCs的潜力，也是我们所建议的三元代用混合工质HFC32／HFC125／HFC152a的二元子物系【‘」之一。迄今尚未见到关于该物系的热力学性质研究报导，本文对其进行PVTX实验研究、状态方程与混合规则关联和热力学性质计算。2实验实验在定容式PVTx实验装置上进行，测量精度为laTD528inK、IAPD51·4PPa、卜对训三0．1％和卜叫刮刀1％，采用直接观察法测量泡露点的温度和压力附加认定误差分别不超过50inK和4kPa［‘］。HFC125为美国杜邦公司提供，经天津大学分析中心分析…     

A New Approach of Two-Dimensional the NMR Relaxation Measurement in Flowing Fluid

Driven-equilibrium fast saturation recovery (DEFSR), as a new method for two-dimensional (2-D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurement based on pulse sequence in flowing fluid, is proposed. The two-dimensional functional relationship between the ratio of transverse relaxation time to longitudinal relaxation time of fluid (T ₁/T ₂) and T ₁ distribution is obtained by means of DEFSR with only two one-dimensional measurements. The rapid measurement of relaxation characteristics for flowing fluid is achieved. A set of the down-hole NMR fluid analysis system is independently designed and developed for the fluid measurement. The accuracy and practicability of DEFSR are demonstrated.     

低场核磁共振流体分子结构在线探测技术

流体分子结构的探测是了解其物理、化学性质的基础.目前主要采用的实验室内分子结构探测技术包括光谱法和波谱法等,但这类测量方法具有测量效率低、需添加化学试剂、实验可重复性差等局限.基于低场核磁共振（NMR）技术进行流体组分的探测技术已十分成熟.该文提出进一步将该技术应用于烃类化合物流体分子结构的检测方法,并研发一种快速二维核磁共振驰豫测量脉冲序列和一套低场核磁共振流体在线检测系统.最终实现了一种快速、无损、清洁、有效的流体组分探测技术.     

Far-infra-red absorption of non-polar liquids

A new conformal solution theory using a single pure fluid as a reference substance for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of fluid mixtures is developed. The perturbation theory developed by Weeks, Chandler and Andersen (WCA) and by Verlet and Weis (VW) is used to calculate the reference properties. The mean density approximation and corresponding state principle are used to eliminate the higher order terms in the mixture system and to derive the pseudo-parameters for the reference system. The mixture properties are obtained from the reference properties and their corresponding hard sphere excess functions defined as the properties of the mixture less the value of the properties for the hard sphere mixture.

The excess functions of mixing for several liquid mixtures of Lennard-Jones fluids, obeying the Lorentz-Berthelet rule, are calculated by the new method (VW-HSE). Comparison with the results of other theories and Monte Carlo data shows definite improvement. Since only the properties of a pure reference fluid are directly calculated, the method can be applied to more complicated multicomponent systems without additional computational effort as required by other theories.     

Experimental investigation of the generation of large-amplitude internal solitary wave and its interaction with a submerged slender body

A principle of generating the nonlinear large-amplitude internal wave in a stratified fluid tank with large cross-section is proposed according to the‘jalousie’control mode.A new wave-maker based on the principle was manufactured and the experiments on the generation and evolution of internal solitary wave were conducted.Both the validity of the new device and applicability range of the KdV-type internal soliton theory were tested.Furthermore,a measurement technique of hydrodynamic load of internal waves was developed.By means of accurately measuring slight variations of internal wave forces exerted on a slender body in the tank,their interaction characteristics were determined.It is shown that through establishing the similarity between the model scale in the stratified fluid tank and the full scale in the numerical simulation the obtained measurement results of internal wave forces are confirmed to be correct.     

Fringe analysis by phase shifting technique for birefringent fluid studies

We have developed a new optical method to evaluate the tensio-optic behaviour of a fluid in a Couette cell. This method is based on the analysis of the phenomenon of light scattered from a laser beam passing through a sheared fluid. A phase shifting technique was added to increase the measurement accuracy and the range of possible applications. For example, with this modification the problem of low shear stresses can be analysed. This improvement enables measurements to be made even if there is less than one visible fringe. This method also allows the determination of local stresses within the fluid. For a classical Newtonian or shear thinning fluid, a linear correlation between fringe order and shear stresses is observed and the tensio-optic coefficient may then be calculated. A yield stress thixotropic fluid is also analysed to demonstrate the relevance of the developed method. This test shows two distinctive behaviours with two different tensio-optic coefficients relative to a solid state and a liquid state.     

多元混合工质及纯质的PVTx实验研究

多元混合工质及纯质的ＰＶＴｘ实验研究王怀信，高志明，马一太，刘靖，赵凤亭（天津大学热能研究所天津３０００７２）关键词代用工质，ＰＶＴｘ特性以ＨＣＦＣ２２、ＨＣＦＣ１２４及ＨＦＣ１５２ａ为组元的混合工质是ＣＦＣ１２有希望的灌注式替代物。其中ＨＣＦＣ１２...     

A new calorimeter for intense laser radiation

A new type of laser calorimeter has been developed which provides high measurement sensitivity and accuracy over several decades of input radiation intensity. The approach features a rapidly spinning liquid film as the calorimetric medium, and as such can accommodate a wide spectrum of incident laser radiation, through appropriate selection of the absorbing fluid. Because of the rapidly moving thin fluid technique utilized in the construction, the calorimeter exhibits fast response, even at high or low power levels. The design concept and method of fabrication make the device quite rugged and virtually burn-out proof.