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1.
在燃煤电厂,飞灰含碳量是直接反映锅炉燃烧效率的重要指标,控制含碳量水平和低氮燃烧之间的平衡要求实现含碳量的在线(或快速)检测。将激光诱导击穿光谱技术应用于飞灰含碳量的快速测量,针对测量中248nm附近的C和Fe谱线干扰问题,提出了利用Fe谱线修正的方法以提取重叠峰中C谱线的积分强度,对比分析了Fe 248.33nm,Fe 254.60nm和Fe 272.36nm谱线分别作为Fe 247.98nm的修正谱线时提取的C修正积分强度对飞灰含碳量定标曲线和未知样品重复测量精确度的影响。研究结果表明,对C和Fe谱线干扰进行强度修正可以提高含碳量定标曲线的拟合度,并且可以显著改善低含碳量样品重复测量的精确度。但同时需要注意用于修正的Fe谱线的合理选取,防止在对低含碳量样品中C谱线强度的过度修正。从定标曲线和重复测量精确度总体评价而言,Fe 254.60nm谱线最适用于LIBS测量飞灰含碳量时的C和Fe谱线干扰的修正。  相似文献   

2.
飞灰含碳量是评价锅炉燃烧效率的重要指标之一,对其进行在线测量有助于实时进行燃烧优化调整,从而提高整个机组的经济性和安全性。利用螺杆式给粉机搭建飞灰颗粒流含碳量测量台架,将脉冲激光直接作用于飞灰颗粒流,形成等离子体,利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术测量飞灰颗粒流中的含碳量信息。重点研究了激光能量对飞灰颗粒流中未燃碳有效激发和测量的影响规律。研究结果显示,在40~130mJ能量的脉冲激光作用下,碳谱线强度随着激光能量的增大线性增强,而其信噪比则先增加后趋于稳定,无效光谱的剔除率则呈下降趋势。本实验条件下,激光能量在90~100mJ之间,可得到较强的等离子体发射信号和较优的光谱数据利用率。因而激光能量与颗粒流的激发状态、碳元素特征谱线强度等密切相关。合理的激光能量有利于保证飞灰颗粒流的有效稳定激发,并获得具有良好信噪比的等离子体光谱信号。  相似文献   

3.
飞灰含碳量与微波功率衰减关系特性的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了更精确地对锅炉飞灰含碳量进行在线监测,本文搭建了1.~4. GHz微波在线检测实验平台,研究了飞灰含碳质量与微波功率衰减的关系.实验发现:飞灰含碳质量与微波功率衰减关系有三种趋势;第一种是正比线性趋势,主要分布频段为1.~1. GHz和2.~2. GHz;第二种是波动趋势,主要分布在频段2.~4. GHz内;第三种是反比线性趋势,主要分布在频段1.~1. GHz内.文中从电导率损耗以及谐振吸收理论出发,对其形成机理做了详细的分析.  相似文献   

4.
通过分析煤粉炉飞灰中氧化物成分,利用矢量网络分析仪(VNA)测定不同氧化物含量下飞灰对微波的介电损耗。实验结果表明:30 MHz~3.2 GHz频段下,含碳量与介电损耗成正相关,且随含碳量的增加损耗程度越大,证实了微波法测碳的可行性;Fe_2O_3、MgO、Al_2O_3会影响正相关的权重,且Fe_2O_3影响最大;CaO影响甚微。  相似文献   

5.
通常热力发电厂将飞灰中未燃碳的含量作为评价锅炉燃烧效率的重要指标,通过测量飞灰中未燃碳的含量来评价煤粉燃烧的充分程度,进而实现优化燃烧、提高机组效率。基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)无接触、快速响应、高灵敏度、可以在线测量等特点,备用来测量飞灰中未燃碳的含量。由于烟气中CO2气体的存在,碳谱线强度会随CO2浓度的变化而改变。为了减少CO2气体对飞灰未燃碳测量结果的影响,提出并设计了具有二级旋风分离器的LIBS测量飞灰未燃碳含量实验系统,飞灰从给粉机流出后通过二级旋风分离器进入测量腔体,脉冲激光经过透镜作用于飞灰样品进而产生等离子体。LIBS系统采用双中心波长光谱仪,可测得飞灰中C,Si,Mg,Fe,Ca和Al等主要元素谱线,同时高分辨率通道可分辨出相邻C和Fe的元素谱线,可以在获得充分的飞灰光谱信息的同时保证了测量的精度。实验结果表明该系统可有效分离和收集飞灰颗粒,减少CO2气体对测量结果的干扰,为LIBS技术的工程应用提供了更准确的依据。  相似文献   

6.
飞灰含碳量的定量分析需要不同含碳量梯度的飞灰样品作为定标之用。通常做法是用煤粉按照快速灰化法的要求灼烧得到不同含碳量的灰样,用于定标分析。但是这与实际锅炉飞灰的成分存在一定差异,需要对光谱特性的差异进行研究来指导实际定标工作。因此,对比了快速灰化法制备的不同含碳量的煤灰样品与锅炉飞灰在特征谱线强度、等离子温度等等离子光谱特征方面的差异。实验证明快速灰化法制备的煤灰样品的Fe,Mg和Al谱线强度强于锅炉飞灰样品,飞灰等离子温度低于所制备的煤灰样品的等离子体温度,这可能是不同处理过程的物理化学特性差异造成的。用主成分分析法考察了导致光谱差异的主要原因,认为Fe,Mg,Al和Si等元素是导致二者在光谱特性差异的主要因素,这可能因为实验室内按照快速灰化法进行制样的飞灰相应矿物质组成不同所导致的。在用灼烧后的煤灰定标未燃碳时,应注意由于成灰过程不同所造成的Fe,Mg,Al和Si等元素含量和形态不同所带来的影响。  相似文献   

7.
一、前言 本文利用燃烧煤矸石的130(T/h)流化床锅炉的实验数据,分析扬析颗粒的燃尽,以探讨提高流化床锅炉效率的途径。由于飞灰在悬浮段内的停留时间很短,悬浮段的烟气温度又不高,飞灰在悬浮段的燃尽是有限的。一般情况下,飞灰含碳量接近于颗粒从流化床中扬析时的含碳量。  相似文献   

8.
电站锅炉燃烧的煤种来源不稳定,经常与设计煤种偏差较大,造成锅炉出力不足、燃烧效率下降以及结焦等问题出现,影响锅炉燃烧的经济性和安全性。针对锅炉燃烧煤种的不稳定性,提出了一种基于静电法在线测量入炉煤粉含碳量的方法,研究静电信号与煤粉含碳量之间的关系。对煤粉颗粒静电测量过程中的几个影响因素进行了试验分析,并采集了足够具有代表性的数据,在此基础上建立了锅炉一次风管中入炉煤粉含碳量的BP神经网络模型。结果表明,所建立的模型预测效果较好,能较好预测进入锅炉燃烧的煤种。  相似文献   

9.
王日品  吕彦奎  罗玲  朱为兴  荀涛 《强激光与粒子束》2018,30(7):073004-1-073004-5
针对磁绝缘线高功率微波振荡器(MILO)的静态保真空和重频运行,设计了一种真空度在线测量系统及其组件,优化了常规的测量方法,实现了真空度的实时监测和数据采集。基于30 GW高功率脉冲平台,以硬管化MILO微波源为负载,开展了加电运行条件下微波源内真空度的实时在线测量。实验结果表明:研制的真空在线测量组件具有较强的抗电磁干扰能力,能够准确获得高功率微波源运行过程中的本底真空度及脉冲放气特性。  相似文献   

10.
煤粉锅炉燃烧产物中汞,砷分布特征研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对某300 MW燃煤电厂锅炉进行煤、渣、飞灰取样后,测定煤和燃烧产物中汞和砷的含量,研究了电除尘四个电场飞灰中汞与砷的分布特点。结果表明飞灰中砷的浓度随着粒度的降低而升高。在底渣中含量较低。通过飞灰粒度与砷浓度的拟合,初步得出砷的富集并不是只由物理凝结造成的,也有外部表面反应(或孔扩散)控制的过程。汞在电除尘1,2,3电场中是预料中的随着粒度的减小浓度增加。但在四电场中汞的浓度又降低了。通过分析得出飞灰含碳量也是影响汞吸附量的重要因素。  相似文献   

11.
以光声效应的基本原理为理论基础,介绍了应用光场效应检测粉煤灰中碳含量的研究及仪器的结构设计。该仪器以计算机为操作平台,通过一数据采集卡将光声池中产生的光声信号采集进计算机,经计算机数据处理,给出所测样品的碳含量。检测实验数据说明,该方法是一种简便、低廉、精确的检测方法。  相似文献   

12.
激光能量对粉煤灰未燃碳测量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
搭建了基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术的成分分析应用研究台架,应用于粉煤灰未燃碳的检测,考察不同能量的脉冲激光烧蚀粉煤灰样品时的等离子体特性.使用多通道光纤光谱仪和CCD探测器对激光烧蚀形成的等离子体发射信号进行分光和探测.分析碳谱线强度、等离子体温度和电子密度随激光能量变化的趋势,掌握激光能量对粉煤灰未燃碳测量的影响规律.研究结果显示,随着激光能量的增大,碳谱线强度、等离子体温度和电子密度均先增大后减小,空气击穿明显增强.随后碳谱线强度的变化趋于平缓并开始下降.合适的激光能量可以增强等离子体发射信号,并避免强烈空气击穿的不利影响,有助于提高测量精度.  相似文献   

13.
This paper presents comparative experimental studies of the morphology and elemental composition of fly ash particles from coal- and biomass-fired boilers, deposited in each stage of 3-stage electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). It was shown that fly ash morphology, its physical properties, and the percentage of elements in the fly ash taken from each stage of ESP depend on the kind of fuel. The biomass fly ash contains many irregular large particles, which are pieces of unburned wood. Bulk density of biomass fly ash is on average lower than that of coal fly ash, and drastically decreases in the second and third stages of ESP. The resistivity, measured at electric field of 4 kV/cm, of fly ash from biomass-fired boilers is much lower than that from coal, and can be below 102 Ω m, whereas from coal, except the first stage, varies in the range from 107 to 1010 Ω m. The low resistivity of coal fly ash in the first stage of ESP results from high carbon content, and of biomass is probably an effect of additional high percentage of potassium, calcium and sodium sulfates. The percentage of Si, Al, Na, Fe, and Ti in fly ash from coal-fired boilers is much higher than from biomass, and in the opposite, the percentage of Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Mo, S, Cl, and P in biomass ash exceeds that in coal fly ash. Potential detrimental effects of biomass combustion products (salts, acids, tar) leaving the boiler on the construction elements of the electrostatic precipitator, including electrodes and HV insulators have been discussed in this paper. It was concluded that the long-term effects of biomass co-firing on the electrostatic precipitator performance, including the collection efficiency, have not been sufficiently studied in the literature and these issues require further detailed investigations.  相似文献   

14.
多功能旋流燃烧器的工业性试验研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
秦皇岛热电厂2#锅炉燃烧不稳定、燃烧效率低等问题主要是由于燃烧器的一次风管道结构不合理造成的。本文采用多功能旋流燃烧器的设计思想对旋流燃烧器进行了技术改造和工业性试验研究。结果表明,改造后的旋流燃烧器其着火点提前,并且仅改造6只主力燃烧器就可以使锅炉在50%负荷时达到不投油而稳定燃烧,排烟温度、飞灰含碳量和NOx排放量明显下降。  相似文献   

15.
A light scattering method has been devised to discriminates between coal and fly ash and measure particle size. Sizing was performed by the measurement of forward scattered intensity, and discrimination was displayed by the ratio of the intensities of crossed to parallel polarisations at a scattering angle of 160°. The technique has been applied to a study of coal combustion in a variable length drop tube furnace. It has been demonstrated that the development of the size distribution can be followed as a function of residence time. Further, it is indicated that there is a simple correlation between the polarisation ratio and the carbon content of the ash. This leads to the possibility of monitoring combustion efficiency in industrial furnaces.  相似文献   

16.
以小龙潭电厂燃煤飞灰及其不同粒径范围的分级灰为对象,采用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、离子色谱、Zeta电位、扫描电镜等实验方法研究了飞灰的物理化学特征.同时采用沉降实验、表面张力实验研究了三种不同润湿剂对飞灰的润湿性能.研究发现,溶液对飞灰的润湿能力不仅取决于其气液界面张力,还与飞灰的组成、表面电位以及形貌特征密切相关.亲水性物质含量的增加,颗粒表面电荷与润湿剂分子间的静电吸引,颗粒表面的棱角孔隙等均可以促进其润湿;温度越高飞灰润湿性能越好,且温度对飞灰润湿过程影响较大,温度较高(60℃)时润湿剂种类及浓度对飞灰润湿过程的影响不明显.  相似文献   

17.
A new solid-state composite was prepared by using fly ash as host matrix and carbon shoots of camphor as dispersoid, which are abundantly available and cheap. The composite was characterized by using different techniques. For conductivity and dielectric measurements, we used complex impedance spectroscopy. Maximum conductivity was obtained at 4% of carbon in fly ash. The dielectric measurements affirm conductivity pattern. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted which shows composite nature of sample. Total ionic transference number test reveals that conductivity is mainly due to ions.  相似文献   

18.
The partitioning of selenium in coal-fired flue gas and desulfurization wastewater is of great threat to the ecological environment and human health. However, the unclear understanding of interactions between selenium vapors and fly ash hinders the emission control of selenium from coal-fired power plants. To further illuminate the mechanism of selenium partitioning and transformation, this study carefully estimated selenium distribution characteristics in the coal combustion byproducts from several industrial power plants. The effective temperature range as well as the key ash components for selenium retention by fly ash was clarified by multiple-scale experiments and theoretical perspectives. The results showed that gaseous selenium tended to be captured by fly ash at a medium-to-low temperature range (i.e. below 650 °C). The limited residence time resulted in the incomplete capture of gaseous selenium by fly ash. Mullite, quartz, iron oxides, and anhydrite in fly ash were found to be the main trappers for gaseous selenium. Among these components, iron oxides showed excellent selenium adsorption performance at a wide temperature range of 150-700 °C, which was realized by the strong chemical adsorption. By contrast, as the dominant phases in fly ash for the physical adsorption of gaseous selenium, mullite and quartz mainly captured gaseous selenium below 300 °C. On the other hand, sulfur dioxides had priority over gaseous selenium to react with calcium-containing ash components by forming anhydrite in the high-temperature region. The formed anhydrite had a limited selenium adsorption capacity, which was confirmed to capture gaseous selenium through a combination of physical adsorption and weak chemical adsorption. For the in-depth control of selenium emitted into desulfurization system and atmosphere environment, these findings provided a comprehensive insight into the behavior of selenium partitioning and transformation into fly ash during coal combustion.  相似文献   

19.
A new optical method to determine the percentage of unburned carbon particles in fly ash from combustion of pulverized coal has been developed. The technique exploits the different properties of particles of ash and coal in the elastic scattering of polarized light.  相似文献   

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