静电实验中的一种怪现象

在做静电的"同性排斥、异性吸引"实验时,偶尔会出现一种反常的现象:用丝绸摩檫过的两根玻璃棒会相互吸引.这个现象与经典理论仿佛矛盾,若解释不清会影响教学效果.望能引起同行的注意.     

解读2011年高考全国理综卷I电学实验题

高考物理科的《考试说明》中明确指出,考生应具有理解能力、推理能力、分析综合能力、应用数学工具处理物理问题的能力与实验能力．其中对实验能力的要求是：能独立的完成所列的实验,能明确实验目的,能理解实验原理和方法,能控制实验条件,会使用仪器,会观察、分析实验现象,会记录、处理实验数据,并得出结论,对结论进行分析和评价;能发现问题、提出问题,并制定解决方案;能运用已学过的物理理论、实验方法和实验仪器去处理问题,包括简单的设计性实验．     

解读2011年高考全国理综卷Ⅰ电学实验题

高考物理科的《考试说明》中明确指出,考生应具有理解能力、推理能力、分析综合能力、应用数学工具处理物理问题的能力与实验能力.其中对实验能力的要求是:能独立的完成所列的实验,能明确实验目的,能理解实验原理和方法,能控制实验条件,会使用仪器,会观察、分析实验现象,会记录、处理实验数据,并得出结论,对结论进行分析和评价;能发现问题、提出问题,并制定解决方案;能运用已学过     

我国初中物理随堂实验

"边教边实验"现在也称"随堂实验",在我国50年代就已出现.1956年6月我国教育部颁发<中学物理教学大纲>(修订本)中就指出:"必须大力增加学生自己动手做实验的机会"、"初中学生必须以实验观察为基础,来探求各个现象的相互联系……"."大纲"还强调实验在物理教学中的作用和学生亲自做实验的重要性.这些已指明了中学物理教育改革的方向.     

吴健雄教授科学实验的启发

吴健雄教授是一位杰出的实验物理学家,做过许多精彩的物理实验。这里简单介绍她做过的六个物理实验,并且谈谈这些实验的启发。1第一个实验———β衰变电子能谱形状的实验[1]20世纪30年代,吴健雄开始了她的实验研究。早在30年代末到40年代中期,她就在实验上研究过伴随电子俘获的内韧致辐射,以及铀裂变中的放射性氙。1946年起她着手研究原子核β衰变,进行了一系列的实验。在原子核β衰变中,原子核内一个中子转变为一个质子,同时放射一个电子和一个反中微子。此外还有放射正电子的β衰变。Fermi的β衰变理论给出了β衰变电子能谱的形状。实验…     

万用表db档的分析与应用

在医用物理学实验中,一般都有"万用表的使用"的实验,教材中介绍了一些常规测量项目,如直、交流电压的测量,直流电流的测量,电阻的测量及晶体管管脚的判别等,但对万用表上的db档的使用却未提及过,有关产品说明书也没有介绍.同样,实验室中使用的真空管毫伏表也有类似的问题.然而在实验中经常会遇到一些学生质疑db档的使用方法,现对这一问题进行分析和讨论.     

对大学物理实验计算机辅助教学的几点体会

在大学物理实验中,微型计算机能被用来模拟实验过程、进行数据处理、实验控制和测量、实验辅导和有关数据资料查询。微机在大学物理实验各方面的广泛应用,使得大学物理实验与现代计算机科学紧密相连,为改革物理实验的传统教学模式,探索一种崭新的物理教学模式,开辟了广阔的研究领域。这是由于大学物理实验本身的需要,另一方面也是由于当今科学技术的发展对大学物理实验提出了新的更高的要求。随着科学技术的迅猛发展,学生作为未来的科技参与者,不仅要有扎实的理论基础,而且要有综合的实验能力,要会熟练地应用计算机。对科技人员这些素质的培养,必须贯穿在整个教学的全过程,在实验过程中,学生在计算机的辅助下,能把更多的精力用于全面、深入地理解物理原理和现象,掌握各类物理实验仪器设备的使用和数据处理方法,同时,应用微机的能力也不断提高。因此,大学物理实验,由于微机的引入,在     

基于VB的双棱镜仿真实验

引言 双棱镜实验是大学物理实验教学的难点之一,学生课前预习时很难理解书本上介绍的实验原理、繁琐的调节步骤和实验现象;到实验室预习又会受到实验场地和设备的限制,在规定的时间内要达到实验教学要求存在一定的困难.针对这种状况,我们开发了双棱镜计算机仿真实验系统.     

对广口瓶"吞""吐"鸡蛋实验的改进

人民教育出版社初中物理第一册(2001年3月版)第162页图11-4提供了一个广口瓶"吞"鸡蛋的趣味演示实验.该实验要求把浸过酒精的棉花或纸条点燃后置入瓶中,可观察到放在瓶口的剥了壳的熟鸡蛋会被慢慢的被"吞"进瓶中.     

几则巧用气球做的实验

在现代生活中有各种材料和造型的气球,如果注意加以利用或改造,能以较低的实验成本,帮助学生理解不少物理中的"大道理".     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Fano-type features in magnetoabsorption in semiconductors

It is shown that bulk semiconductors exhibit strongly asymmetric Fano-type resonance profiles in magnetoabsorption processes involving the formation of hot electron-hole pairs (EHPs) and accompanied by the scattering of the EHPs by defects. This result is valid for transitions to electronic states with large Landau quantum numbers, when the Coulomb interaction plays a small role. The physical reason for such a sharp change in the magnetoabsorption coefficient as compared with the expected result for the ordinary density of states in a quantizing magnetic field is that the electronic excitations are quasi-one-dimensional. The form of the resonance absorption is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 8, 619–622 (25 April 1996)     

Universal scaling in BCS superconductivity in three dimensions in non-s waves

The solutions of a renormalized BCS equation are studied in three space dimensions in s, p and d waves for finite-range separable potentials in the weak to medium coupling region. In the weak-coupling limit, the present BCS model yields a small coherence length and a large critical temperature, , appropriate for some high- materials. The BCS gap, , and specific heat as a function of zero-temperature condensation energy are found to exhibit potential-independent universal scalings. The entropy, specific heat, spin susceptibility and penetration depth as a function of temperature exhibit universal scaling below in p and d waves. Received: 18 July 1997 / Revised: 8 September 1997 / Accepted: 29 September 1997     

Supergravity in theory in 11 dimensions

We present the action and transformation laws of supergravity in 11 dimensions which is expected to be closely related to the O(8) theory in 4 dimensions after dimensional reduction.     

Uncertainty in prediction and in inference

The concepts of uncertainty in prediction and inference are introduced and illustrated using the diffraction of light as an example. The close relationship between the concepts of uncertainty in inference and resolving power is noted. A general quantitative measure of uncertainty in inference can be obtained by means of the so-called statistical distance between probability distributions. When applied to quantum mechanics, this distance leads to a measure of the distinguishability of quantum states, which essentially is the absolute value of the matrix element between the states. The importance of this result to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle is noted. The second part of the paper provides a derivation of the statistical distance on the basis of the so-called method of support.     

Scale-free phenomenon in industries in China

In this paper, we investigate the data of industries in China and find that the frequency distributions of fixed assets and fixed-assets’ investment of industries obey power laws. We show that these power-law modes can be explained by the rules of the Simon Model, rather than the existing investment theories such as the classical investment theory or acceleration principle. Moreover, the mechanism of the investment distribution may be similar to the forest-fire model of self-organizing criticality. By introducing the complex system methods, this research changes the traditional opinion of the investment and gains some meaningful understanding in the dynamics of industries and the economic cycle.     

High spin states in106in

High spin states have been investigated by the reaction⁹⁰Zr(¹⁹F, 3nγ), using an Anticompton spectrometer device, for the nucleus¹⁰⁶In, for which no in-beamγ-spectroscopic information was available up to now. A level scheme has been constructed up to anI =(13,14) state.