流动注射化学发光测定间苯三酚

基于在甲醛存在条件下 ,高锰酸钾在酸性介质中氧化间苯三酚而直接产生化学发光 ,结合流动注射技术建立了测定间苯三酚的化学发光分析方法 ,该法测定间苯三酚的线性范围为 5 0× 10 -9～ 5 0× 10 -5mol·L-1,检出限为 3 0× 10 -9mol·L-1,相对标准偏差为 2 5 % (1 0× 10 -6mol·L-1间苯三酚 ,n =11)。该法应用于测定在几种实际水样中加入的间苯三酚 ,回收率令人满意。     

流动注射-化学发光法定量测定同一水域中的腐殖酸

采用流动注射-化学发光(FI-CL)这一灵敏的检测方法,通过条件实验与参数优化,优选了测定环境中痕量多羟基酚类化合物的发光体系,通过考察天然水体中的腐殖酸对化学发光-多羟基酚测定体系的影响,为来自于水及土壤中的实际样品中腐殖酸的检测提供了参考,建立了同一区域水体中腐殖酸的化学发光定量测定方法。所得线性回归方程y=70·36x 540·1,相关系数r=0·9954,线性范围为3～15mg·L-1,检测限为0·749mg·L-1,HA浓度为6mg·L-1时的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1·08%。     

流动注射化学发光法测定环丙沙星

环丙沙星(CPLX)在酸性介质中与Tb3 形成配合物,通过能量转移反应对Ce(Ⅳ)-SO23-化学发光体系有很强的增敏作用。据此,采用流动注射技术,建立了流动注射稀土敏化化学发光法测定CPLX的新方法。在9·0×10-9~1·0×10-6mol·L-1范围内CPLX浓度与化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限为2·2×10-11mol·L-1,对5·0×10-8mol·L-1CPLX平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为3·0%。利用该法测定了胶囊和生物体液中CPLX的含量,方法简单快速,重现性好,结果令人满意。     

测定双嘧达莫的化学发光新方法

提出了双嘧达莫与高锰酸钾和罗丹明B的化学发光新体系 ,并发现表面活性剂吐温 80可显著增强该体系的化学发光 ,据此建立了流动注射化学发光测定双嘧达莫的新方法。该方法选择性好 ,灵敏度高 ,线性范围宽 ,双嘧达莫在 5 0× 10 -8～ 5 0× 10 -5g·mL-1范围内与发光信号呈线性关系 ,检出限 1 7× 10 -8g·mL-1,RSD为 1 1% (n =11,cs=1 0× 10 -6g·mL-1双嘧达莫浓度 )。     

化学发光法测定左氧氟沙星

利用左氧氟沙星对碱性luminol H2 O2 化学发光体系具有强的增敏作用 ,建立了一种测定左氧氟沙星的新方法。方法的线性范围为 5 5 3× 10 - 1 1 ～ 2 2 1× 10 - 8mol·L- 1 ,检测限 (3σ)为 1 38× 10 - 1 1 mol·L- 1 ,RSD为2 5 6 % (n=9)。该法用于胶囊的测定 ,结果满意。     

化学发光法测定巯嘌呤的含量

在流动注射系统中,利用巯嘌呤在碱性Luminol-K3Fe(CN)6化学发光体系中发光信号强的特点,建立了一种测定巯嘌呤的新方法。在优化条件下,方法的线性范围是1.02×10-7~1.02×10-9mol.L-1,回归方程是Y=36.315c 140.72(Y是相对发光强度,c是巯嘌呤浓度与10-8mol.L-1的乘积),相关系数是0.998 2,检出限(S/N=3)是6.33×10-10mol.L-1,RSD为3.54%(ci=2.0×10-9mol.L-1,n=12)。该法用于合成样品的测定,简便、灵敏、快速,结果令人满意。文章简要地探讨了巯嘌呤在碱性Luminol-K3Fe(CN)6化学发光体系中的化学发光机理:在反应过程中,产生大量的过氧自由基和羟基自由基,自由基与鲁米诺反应,形成激发态的鲁米诺分子,鲁米诺分子由激发态回到基态产生化学发光现象。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星的铽增敏化学发光法测定

甲磺酸帕珠沙星(PM)与TB3+容易结合形成配合物Tb3+-PM,该配合物通过能量转移反应对KM-nO4-Na2SO3这一弱化学发光体系有很强的增敏作用.据此,结合流动注射技术建立了稀土敏化化学发光测定PM的新方法.在最佳试验条件下,PM的浓度与增强的化学发光强度在0.10～12 mg·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限是0.04 mg·L-1,对1.0 mg·L-1的PM进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差RSD为1.9%.用于测定注射液和体液中PM的含量,方法简单、快速、灵敏、重现性好,分析结果令人满意.实验对该化学发光体系(KMnO4-NaSO3-Tb3+-PM)的发光机理进行了探讨.     

流动注射化学发光法测定L-乳酸铝

发现L-乳酸铝对纳米金-酸性高锰酸钾体系化学发光的增强作用,其增强化学发光强度的能力与高锰酸钾及溶液的介质硫酸浓度、金浓度以及蠕动泵的转速、流动注射化学反应体系的流路设计等因素有关,在此基础上首次建立了测定L-乳酸铝的增强化学发光分析法。测定L-乳酸铝的线性范围为7.0×10-5～1.0×10-2g.mL-1,检出限为1.04×10-6g.mL-1(S/N=3),对8.0×10-4g.mL-1的L-乳酸铝标准溶液进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.48%。该法直接用于L-乳酸铝制备合成反应液以及分离纯化废液中L-乳酸铝的测定,其回收率为95.8%～100.4%,本法与GB/T6987.8-2001法进行了对照,结果令人满意。探讨了该化学发光增强作用是由于L-乳酸铝注入体系后,加速了纳米金与酸性高锰酸钾的反应所致。     

阿莫西林的荷移光谱测定方法研究

在丙酮介质中阿莫西林与 7,7,8,8-四氰基对二次甲基苯醌 (TCNQ)荷移反应 ,形成 1∶ 1络合物 ,在74 4nm和 84 5 nm处有较强光吸收 ,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为 1.2× 10 4L· mol-1· cm-1和 1.8× 10 4L·mol-1· cm-1,阿莫西林的浓度在 10— 15 0 mg· L-1范围内符合比耳定律。在乙醇介质中 ,阿莫西林与对苯醌 (p- BQ)反应 ,形成 1∶ 1络合物 ,最大吸收波长为 4 80 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.92× 10 3 L· mol-1·cm-1。阿莫西林的浓度在 2 0— 2 0 0 mg·L-1范围内符合比耳定律。两种方法相对标准偏差分别为 1.2 %和1.5 % (n=8) ,用于测定阿莫西林制剂的含量 ,结果与标准方法一致。     

流动注射化学发光快速测定空气中甲醛

基于甲醛对Luminol-H2O2化学发光体系的增敏作用,建立了快速、简便、灵敏度高的流动注射-化学发光测定甲醛的新方法.测定甲醛的线性范围:0.1×10-12-10.0×10-12mol·L-1;检出限:0.03×10-12mol·L-1(3σ),RSD小于3%(n=5).本法成功的测定了空气和血清中甲醛的含量,采用标准加入法,回收率为94.28%-113.20%.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.