纳米磁性药物靶向动力学模拟

基于Navier-Stokes方程与Maxwell-Ampere理论建立了肿瘤细动脉中血液的非定常脉动模型,在磁场和流场耦合状态下研究引入纳米磁性药物后磁场对血液流场的影响.把离散模型和单相模型耦合,用有限元方法对纳米磁性药物在细动脉中的传输进行动力学模拟.模拟结果表明,磁场对纳米尺度磁性粒子的俘获形式明显不同于对微米尺度粒子,纳米磁性粒子运动轨迹与血液流线基本重合.由于磁性纳米粒子的存在,磁场影响了血液的流场分布,在磁体附近形成涡流区并长期滞留,以此方式实现对磁性药物的俘获.     

磁场对磁性液体粘度的影响

采用落体法对磁场作用下的异丁醇和正戊醇液体的粘滞系数进行测量,得到异丁醇和正戊醇液体的粘滞系数与磁感应强度之间的数值关系。结果表明:当磁感应强度增大到6.78mT时,异丁醇液体的粘滞系数变小;磁场对正戊醇液体的粘滞系数的影响非常小,其粘滞系数随磁感应强度的变化不明显。     

带轴向引导磁场自由电子激光的控制参数

给出了带轴向引导磁场且由螺旋周期磁场抽运之自由电子激光的进化方程。发现系统的运动行为决定于某控制参数，该参数包括了束流强度、泵浦场强度、轴向场强及初始状态的综合效应。讨论了系统的集体不稳定性。给出了临界值W_T=2 2^1/2(对N≥3)，以及W＞＜W_T时的辐射场表达式。 关键词：     

低引导磁场下环形强流电子束产生实验研究

针对基于SOS脉冲功率源S-5N的输出特点,利用PIC数值模拟软件,为S-5N设计了能够工作在低引导磁场条件下的无箔二极管系统,并在S-5N脉冲功率源上进行了低引导磁场环形强流电子束产生的实验研究。在引导磁场为0.5 T条件下,无箔二极管电流输出波形近似为梯形波,脉冲上升沿约9 ns,平顶部分约26 ns,二极管电压420 kV,电流2.7 kA,束斑平均半径约16 mm,具有良好的均匀性。     

磁场诱导制备Bi-Mn合金的结构和低温磁性研究

系统研究了在外加诱导磁场下制备的Bi-Mn 6%合金的结构和低温磁特性.结果表明,在外加诱导磁场下制备的Bi-Mn 6%合金呈现典型的双相结构和各向异性特征,MnBi相c轴沿外加诱导磁场方向定向排列.发现MnBi相的矫顽力随温度的升高而增大,而饱和磁化强度则随温度的升高而减小.MnBi相的自旋重定向温度TSR随测量磁场的增大逐渐向低温区移动,在高的外加测量磁场下这种自旋重定向特征消失,发现了TSR随外加诱导制备磁场的增大而逐渐向高温区移动.对磁场诱导制备织构化MnBi相和该类材料磁各向异性能的物理机制进行了分析和讨论.     

引导磁场对相对论返波管微波功率的影响

对引导磁场大小对相对论返波管(RBWO)微波功率的影响进行了理论和实验研究。首先利用KARAT软件对RBWO进行了全电磁PIC数值模拟,发现当磁场降低时,TE模与TM01模的竞争导致微波功率降低,同时模拟中观察到“电子回旋共振吸收”现象,它是由于电子束与慢波结构中TM01模的基波相互作用的结果;然后进行了实验研究,实验结果与数值模拟基本相符。     

引导磁场对相对论返波管微波功率的影响

 对引导磁场大小对相对论返波管(RBWO)微波功率的影响进行了理论和实验研究。首先利用KARAT软件对RBWO进行了全电磁PIC数值模拟,发现当磁场降低时,TE模与TM₀₁模的竞争导致微波功率降低,同时模拟中观察到“电子回旋共振吸收”现象,它是由于电子束与慢波结构中TM₀₁模的基波相互作用的结果;然后进行了实验研究,实验结果与数值模拟基本相符。     

磁性液体表观密度随磁场变化测量仪的研制

利用自制的磁性液体研制出测量固、液两相胶体溶液磁性液体表现密度的测量装置并给出了测量方法和测量原理．该装置既能测量磁性液体中不同液层的表观密度，也能测量磁性液体中某点的表观密度随磁场变化的规律．     

涂覆聚甲基丙酸甲酯的磁性膜外磁场作用下的往复滑动摩擦行为研究

磁性材料被广泛应用于磁记录和磁润滑等领域,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯因其良好的介电性,能够用作磁性材料的表面涂层.本文对外磁场作用下,外加载荷和磁场强度对往复滑动的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/磁性薄膜双膜系摩擦性能的影响开展了研究.实验结果表明:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/磁性双膜体系的摩擦性能随载荷和磁场强度改变而变化;但在干摩擦和硅油润滑两种模式下,磁场对其摩擦学性能的影响规律不同.理论分析了磁场作用下磁场诱发的磁性力与摩擦副物理性质变化对摩擦力和摩擦系数的影响,与实验结果符合良好.研究结果为磁性薄膜的界面介质设计与控制提供了依据.     

磁多极场场参数的理论计算与分析

根据磁多极场的对称性，首先导出了磁多极场磁场分量的泰勒级数展开式，定义了磁多极场的场参数，然后根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律，导出了马鞍型磁多极场线圈的场参数理论计算公式.对各个场参数数量级的大小进行了分析，找出了场参数的递推规律，给出了场参数高阶导数的计算方法，从而能够准确计算整个空间的磁场值.还从简单单根导线计算结果过渡到多根导线或具有某种连续分布的情况. 这对于磁二极场、磁四极场、磁六极场等的应用提供了可靠的理论依据. 关键词： 磁多极场 场参数 马鞍型线圈     

Application of high gradient magnetic separation principles to magnetic drug targeting

A hypothetical magnetic drug targeting system, utilizing high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) principles, was studied theoretically using FEMLAB simulations. This new approach uses a ferromagnetic wire placed at a bifurcation point inside a blood vessel and an externally applied magnetic field, to magnetically guide magnetic drug carrier particles (MDCP) through the circulatory system and then to magnetically retain them at a target site. Wire collection (CE) and diversion (DE) efficiencies were defined and used to evaluate the system performance. CE and DE both increase as the strength of the applied magnetic field (0.3–2.0 T), the amount of ferromagnetic material (iron) in the MDCP (20–100%) and the size of the MDCP (1–10 μm radius) increase, and as the average inlet velocity (0.1–0.8 m s⁻¹), the size of the wire (50–250 μm radius) and the ratio (4–10) of the parent vessel radius (0.25–1.25 mm radius) to wire radius decrease. The effect of the applied magnetic field direction (0° and 90°) on CE and DE was minimal. Under these plausible conditions, CEs as high as 70% were obtained, with DEs reaching only 30%; however, when the MDCPs were allowed to agglomerate (4–10 μm radius), CEs and DEs of 100% were indeed achieved. These results reveal that this new magnetic drug targeting approach for magnetically collecting MDCPs at a target site, even in arteries with very high velocities, is feasible and very promising; this new approach for magnetically guiding MDCPs through the circulatory system is also feasible but more limited. Overall, this study shows that magnetic drug targeting, based on HGMS principles, has considerable promise as an effective drug targeting tool with many potential applications.     

复合磁场引导的小型化二极管初步设计

设计了一种非浸没式小型化轴向无箔二极管,其阴极发射区位于螺线管中心孔以外,采用螺线管、永磁体和软磁体构成的复合引导磁场系统。采用CST优化设计二极管结构,使其满足800 kV电压下绝缘要求; 优化设计磁场系统结构及物理参数,使其满足引导强流相对论电子束高效率传输的要求。采用粒子模拟(PIC)软件仿真电子束产生及传输过程,验证其高传输效率。设计的阳极筒直径比原结构缩小约40%,在产生同样均匀区轴向磁场强度情况下,引导磁场重量和功耗比原结构降低约40%,仿真结果显示主引导磁场0.85 T下,8 kA电流能够实现100%传输效率。     

Change in the absorption spectra of blood exposed to a low-frequency magnetic field

We have used the absorption spectra of whole blood in the UV-visible and IR regions of the spectrum to study changes in the structure of the molecular components of blood when exposed to a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field used to treat ischemic heart disease. We show that pronounced changes in the spectra when the blood is directly exposed in vivo to a magnetic field may be due to breaking of the bond between the heme group and the protein of the hemoglobin, as a consequence of changes in the intermolecular interactions in the polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin and also the spin states of the paramagnetic heme components. Exposure to a magnetic field results in changes in the conformations of the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin and the rate of dissociation of oxyhemoglobin. The structural changes in the hemoglobin molecule are considered as one of the possible primary mechanisms of action on blood in vivo for a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 199–204, March–April, 2007.     

Inclusion of magnetic dipole-dipole and hydrodynamic interactions in implant-assisted magnetic drug targeting

Mathematical modelling of the implant-assisted magnetic drug targeting system of Avilés, Ebner and Ritter is performed. In order to model the agglomeration of particles known to occur in this system, the magnetic dipole-dipole and hydrodynamic interactions are included. Such interactions were calculated previously by Mikkelsen et al. under low magnetic fields (~0.05 T) in microfluidic systems. Here, a higher magnetic field (0.7 T) is considered and the effect of interactions on two nanoparticles with a seed implant is calculated. The calculations were performed with the open-source software OpenFOAM. Different initial positions are considered and the system performance is assessed in terms of capture cross section. Inclusion of both interactions was seen to alter the capture cross section of the system by up to 7% in absolute terms.     

圆电流空间磁场分布

在柱坐标系中,直接从磁感应强度的计算公式毕奥一萨伐尔定律出发,在更为普遍的情况下得到了圆电流空间磁场的一般分布,并绘制出磁场的空间分布图,讨论了圆电流平面上、中心轴线以及远区的磁场．     

激光驱动的冲击波自生磁场以及外加磁场的冲击波放大研究

冲击波是天体物理观测中常见的现象, 其对粒子的加速被认为是高能宇宙射线的来源. 宇宙中冲击波周围往往存在很强的磁场, 但人们对于此类强磁场的产生放大过程的理解并不充分. 本文利用二维粒子模拟程序研究了激光与磁化或者非磁化等离子体相互作用产生的冲击波现象, 给出了冲击波波前处磁场的产生放大特性. 研究发现, 作用过程中的自生磁场可以储存能量, 从而进一步加速电子; 当存在外加磁场时, 由冲击波加速的电子和离子的能量都比同条件下非磁化等离子体的能量高; 而且外加磁场藉由冲击波放大倍数则与其值有极大关系. 与天文观测中推断的磁场与背景磁场相比放大千倍这一研究结果的比较可以看出, 天体冲击波周围磁场放大主要是由局域内生磁场导致的.     

铁基非晶的低频脉冲磁场处理效应

对非晶合金Fe₇₈ Si₉ B₁₃进行了低频脉冲磁场处理，用穆斯堡尔谱学、透射电 镜等方法观察处理试样的微观结构变化.研究发现，当脉冲频率20—25Hz,磁场16—32kA/m,作用时间≤2min，合金发生了纳米晶化，纳米相岐睩e(Si)晶粒尺寸为10nm. 而且，在低频脉冲磁场处理过程中，非晶试样的温升≤20℃. 关键词： 非晶态合金 脉冲磁场处理 纳米晶化     

Microscopic calculation of the magnetic field of neutron stars

Based on the Dirac equation describing an electron moving in a uniform and cylindrically symmetric magnetic field which may be the result of the self-consistent mean field of the electrons themselves in a neutron star, we have obtained the eigen solutions and the orbital magnetic moments of electrons in which each eigen orbital can be calculated. From the eigen energy spectrum we find that the lowest energy level is the highly degenerate orbitals with the quantum numbers pZ=0, n=0, and m≥0. At the ground state, the electrons fill the lowest eigen states to form many Landau magnetic cells and each cell is a circular disk with the radius λfree and the thickness λe, where λfree is the electron mean free path determined by Coulomb cross section and electron density and λe is the electron Compton wavelength. The magnetic moment of each cell and the number of cells in the neutron star are calculated, from which the total magnetic moment and magnetic field of the neutron star can be calculated. The results are compared with the observational data and the agreement is reasonable.     

In vitro study of magnetic nanoparticles as the implant for implant assisted magnetic drug targeting

Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) seeds were studied in vitro for use as an implant in implant assisted-magnetic drug targeting (IA-MDT). The magnetite seeds were captured in a porous polymer, mimicking capillary tissue, with an external magnetic field (70 mT) and then used subsequently to capture magnetic drug carrier particles (MDCPs) (0.87 μm diameter) with the same magnetic field. The effects of the MNP seed diameter (10, 50 and 100 nm), MNP seed concentration (0.25-2.0 mg/mL), and fluid velocity (0.03-0.15 cm/s) on the capture efficiency (CE) of both the MNP seeds and the MDCPs were studied. The CE of the 10 nm MNP seeds was never more than 30%, while those of the 50 and 100 nm MNP seeds was always greater than 80% and in many cases exceeded 90%. Only the MNP seed concentration affected its CE. The 10 nm MNP seeds did not increase the MDCP CE over that obtained in the absence of the MNP seeds, while the 50 and 100 nm MNP seeds increased significantly, typically by more than a factor of two. The 50 and 100 nm MNP seeds also exhibited similar abilities to capture the MDCPs, with the MDCP CE always increasing with decreasing fluid velocity and generally increasing with increasing MNP seed concentration. The MNP seed size, magnetic properties, and capacity to self-agglomerate and form clusters were key properties that make them a viable implant in IA-MDT.