电动振动台模型分析与模型辨识

电动振动台作为振动环境试验的主设备，开展电动振动台建模和模型辨识研究，将有助于深入了解电动振动台系统的内部结构和工作原理，准确掌握其特性与性能；并将有利于更好地设计振动环境试验，维护设备；也是开展振动控制技术研究和振动试验仿真研究所必须的。我们首先分析了电动振动台的电力学模型，然后在建立电动振动台数学模型的基础上，采用了时域和频域两种辨识方式，通过试验和算法设计，针对振动台空台面及带滑台和带简单试件的3种情形下开展了辨识工作，结果表明辨识效果良好。     

电动舵机非线性系统的辨识研究

本文针对所设计的三闭环电动舵机系统,为了提高舵机的控制精度,提出了采用非线性系统辨识的方法,并且利用辨识的参数对系统进行补偿。根据电动舵机的模型分别采用了前馈补偿的方法和反馈辨识的方法对系统的摩擦进行仿真建模研究,并且将建模数据加入到电动舵机中进行试验验证,系统的位置跟踪误差和速度跟踪误差均有大幅度减小。试验结果证明,本文所提出的辨识研究方法可以准确地实现摩擦模型的建立,并且从该模型出发进行补偿可以有效地提高电动舵机的控制精度。     

基于粒子群算法的球磨机情感智能自适应辨识算法

制粉工艺在矿物加工工程技术中极其重要,而球磨机正是其关键设备。针对球磨机系统时变性、非线性的特点,提出了采用大脑情感学习模型(Brain Emotional Learning, BEL)对球磨机系统实现正向模型和逆模型辨识,并利用粒子群算法(PSO)对整个参数空间进行高效并行搜索使参数最优化,并给出球磨机系统数学模型辨识算法。仿真结果表明,改进方法可使模型输出与球磨机系统输出或输入达到一致,具有模型辨识误差小、算法简单的特点。     

电动振动台的力学特性分析

本文用电声类比方法分析了三种电动振动台的力学特性,给出了计算电动振动台的输入阻抗,位移频率特性,推力频率特性和加速度频率特性的公式.对振动台动圈电感补偿方法进行了分析.最后讨论了与它配套用功率放大器和电动振动台的三种不同运用方式对振动台力学特性的影响.     

基于模糊辨识算法的蓄电池荷电状态测量方法与模块设计

针对蓄电池荷电状态在线监测中对准确度和测量速度的要求,本文提出采用模糊辨识算法对蓄电池进行系统辨识。并通过对蓄电池的荷电状态与内阻、端电压数据的分析,建立了蓄电池荷电状态的模糊规则模型,并以此进行蓄电池荷电状态的测量,得到均方误差为0.0052。测量结果表明基于模糊辨识算法的蓄电池荷电状态测量能够满足蓄电池在线监测的要求,且易于硬件实现。文章还使用DSP Builder设计了蓄电池荷电状态测量模块,其中内阻测量采用了特征分解谱估计的信号提取方法,荷电状态测量则实现了模糊辨识算法所得出的模糊规则模型的运用。     

基于遗传算法的四旋翼无人机系统参数辨识

建立准确地系统模型是实现四旋翼无人机的自动飞行控制的基础,为此提出了一种遗传算法,并将其应用于四旋翼无人机系统参数辨识当中。首先,根据四旋翼受力分析建立了小角度下的线性系统模型;然后,将遗传算法应用于线性模型未知参数的辨识中;最后,分别对比了滚转、俯仰和偏航方向的加速度值与实际测量值。实验结果表明在悬停状态或小角度飞行状态下,该辨识方法能够建立比较精确的系统模型。     

旋转机械电动振动台的PLC自动控制器设计

当前电动振动台自动控制器利用PID作为控制核心,其抗干扰能力较弱,启动时间过长,导致控制器的使用寿命较短。提出旋转机械电动振动台的PLC自动控制器设计。将PLC作为主控单元对PLC自动控制器进行设计,制定PLC自动控制器的总体结构,采用RS-485串行通讯口和EEPROM数据存储器对电源模块、LED显示模块、报警模块、通讯模块、信号采集模块及存储器模块等硬件设备进行细节改进;对控制器软件部分的自动控制功能主程序和中断、LED显示功能子程序进行重新编程,实现控制器自动控制效果的优化,完成旋转机械电动振动台PLC自动控制器的设计。实验结果表明,改进设计的控制器有效提高了旋转机械电动振动台的抗干扰能力,缩短了电动振动台的启动时间,延长了电动振动台的使用寿命。     

基于Weiner模型超混沌lü系统的自适应辨识

为了能实时而有效地辨识参数不确定的超混沌lü系统,以便于对该系统进行控制或跟踪,本文提出了一种基于Wiener模型自适应分段线性(PWL)滤波器的超混沌系统辨识方法.Wiener模型的线性部分采用了线性横向滤波器,非线性部分用分段线性滤波器近似表示.根据最小均方误差准则导出了滤波器参数更新算法,并进一步推导出算法的收敛性条件.计算机仿真证实了该自适应滤波器辨识超混沌系统的有效性.该方法不仅克服了自适应线性滤波器难以辨识出这类强非线性系统,而且比其他非线性自适应滤波器的计算复杂性低得多.     

基于高阶统计的水声信道盲辨识

本文给出了基于ARMA模型的水下通信系统模型,将一种基于三阶统计的算法应用到水声信道盲辨识领域,在不需要训练序列的条件下估计得到信道传输函数。与基于二阶统计特性方法相比,该算法具有较强的抗噪性,更适合信噪比低于12dB条件下水声信道的辨识。通过对水声信道盲辨识的计算机仿真,验证了该算法具有较高的辨识精度。     

基于鲁棒模糊聚类的混沌时间序列预测

采用一种基于鲁棒模糊聚类算法的模糊辨识方法,通过引入局部划分关联度因子,增强了系统辨识的抗干扰能力,提高了系统辨识的鲁棒性.首先用最近邻模糊聚类法划分初始输入空间,得到模糊规则数及初始聚类中心;然后用鲁棒模糊聚类算法求解并优化模糊隶属度和聚类中心,建立高精度的T-S模糊模型;最后利用最小二乘法辨识模型的初始结论参数,进一步利用带遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法优化结论参数.采用该方法对Mackey-Glass混沌时间序列进行建模和预测,仿真结果表明利用本方法可以进行准确建模和预测,验证了本方法的鲁棒性、有效性和实 关键词： 最近邻模糊聚类 鲁棒模糊聚类 混沌时间序列 最小二乘法     

Experimental measurement of the nonlinearities of electrodynamic microphones

This paper presents an experimental way of characterizing the nonlinearities of electrodynamic microphones used as acoustical sources. This functioning occurs for reciprocal calibration techniques. For this purpose, its electrical impedance is measured with a Wayne Kerr wedge which has an excellent precision. Moreover, it can be noted that the Thiele and Small model is used to characterize its electrical impedance. Furthermore, an experimental method based on Simplex algorithm allows us to construct polynomial laws which describe the dependence of the Thiele and Small parameters with the input voltage. The nonlinear variations obtained allow us to determine the nonlinear differential equation of the electrodynamic microphone. Then, this equation is solved numerically in order to confirm the accuracy of the polynomial laws obtained by the Simplex algorithm. The distortions are measured with a laser Doppler velocimeter and compared with the ones obtained by the numerical solving of the nonlinear differential equation. The experimental displacement spectrum is consistent with the theoretical one.     

Development of a hand-arm mechanical analogue for evaluating chipping hammer vibration emission values

This paper reports on the development and validation of a mechanical system designed to simulate the hand-arm dynamic response when coupled with a chipping hammer. The design is based on a two-degree-of-freedom lumped parameters model, in which the parameters are optimized such that the apparent mass of the mechanical analogue provides a close fit with the measured apparent mass of the hand-arm mechanical system. The apparent mass of the mechanical analogue has been validated on an electrodynamic shaker, than it was used to evaluate the vibration emission values of two different chipping hammers. Preliminary results show variations of <15 percent of the vibration emission values between human subjects and the hand-arm simulator for two different types of chipping hammers, while the variability in the results is found to be considerably reduced when using the mechanical analogue. The implementation of the mechanical analogue as part of a test set-up for the determination of the vibration emission values of chipping hammers is thus seen as an attractive alternative to the use of human subjects.     

An efficient method of measuring impedances of fluid machinery manifolds

Knowledge of the acoustical impedances is required to understand the fluid oscillations in the manifolds of positive displacement machinery. This paper presents an impedance measurement method which puts emphasis on the lower frequencies. The technique is based on providing a known volume velocity excitation to the manifold through an electrodynamic, shaker driven, oscillating piston. Harmonic, random and transient excitations have been utilized. Digital data acquisition and processing techniques are used to acquire piston displacement and acoustic pressure signals for input and transfer impedances. The proposed method is direct and efficient. It is applied to the measurement of the acoustical impedances of a two-cylinder refrigeration compressor discharge system. Various aspects of the measurement procedures are discussed along with the recommendations.     

光纤陀螺数字闭环控制系统模型实验研究

数字闭环光纤陀螺的动态性能受控制系统设计的影响.根据光纤陀螺数字闭环检测过程,建立了控制系统的数学模型.为在全频带内对模型进行验证,提出了基于Faraday效应的光纤陀螺频率响应测试方法,对该测试方法与角振动台测试方法的等效性进行了分析.设计了频率响应测试系统,测试范围大于50 kHz,波形失真小于0.1%.实测了采用一阶积分控制算法的数字闭环光纤陀螺频率响应.实验结果表明模型误差小于8%.     

On the interaction of the responses at the resonance frequencies of a nonlinear two degrees-of-freedom system

This paper describes the dynamic behaviour of a coupled system which includes a nonlinear hardening system driven harmonically by a shaker. The shaker is modelled as a linear single degree-of-freedom system and the nonlinear system under test is modelled as a hardening Duffing oscillator. The mass of the nonlinear system is much less than the moving mass of the shaker and thus the nonlinear system has little effect on the shaker dynamics. The nonlinearity is due to the geometric configuration consisting of a mass suspended on four springs, which incline as they are extended. Following experimental validation, the model is used to explore the dynamic behaviour of the system under a range of different conditions. Of particular interest is the situation when the linear natural frequency of the nonlinear system is less than the natural frequency of the shaker such that the frequency response curve of the nonlinear system bends to higher frequencies and thus interacts with the resonance frequency of the shaker. It is found that for some values of the system parameters a complicated frequency response curve for the nonlinear system can occur; closed detached curves can appear as a part of the overall amplitude-frequency response. These detached curves can lie outside or inside the main resonance curve, and a physical explanation for their occurrence is given.     

Simulation of electromagnetic fields and calculation of cutoff frequencies of waveguides with complex cross-sections

An algorithm and a program for the calculation of the natural frequencies and fields of irregular waveguides are presented. The algorithm permits calculation of the fields of waveguides with complex cross-sections (L-, H, and E-profiles) and waveguides partially filled with dielectrics having constant electromagnetic characteristics. The method involves replacement of the 2-D electrodynamic problem by a discrete mathematical model, which can be interpreted as a system of electrically coupled circuits. Analyzing the behavior of the currents in a discrete model by electrical engineering methods, we obtain an approximate solution of the reference electrodynamic problem. Numerical calculation results and errors are given.State Technical University, Novosibirsk. Translated from izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 969–981, September, 1995.     

基于PLC的环境模拟系统温度控制算法的研究与实现

针对环境模拟试验温度控制系统中被控对象存在的非线性、时滞等特点,本文采用区间限幅PID控制算法和模糊PID控制算法对传统控制方法进行了改进。首先为了解决模拟量三通粗调阀调节缓慢的缺点,建立了区间限幅PID控制算法的控制规则表,并将其在PLC中实现。其次提出用模糊PID控制算法来解决电加热器的非线性、大时滞性问题,并结合实际控制经验建立了模糊控制规则表,然后将模糊PID控制算法在PLC中进行实现。最后将限幅PID和模糊PID控制算法应用于某大型环境模拟试验控制系统,实验结果表明利用改进算法对温度控制具有良好的稳定性及精确度。