自聚焦激光束光束质量评价的功率谱密度方法

在高功率激光系统中，介质的非线性折射率引起的小尺度自聚焦效应将会带来对光束相位和强度分布的影响，增加光学元件遭受成丝破坏的风险。产生光束小尺度纹波调制的机制分为两类：振幅和位相调制。振幅调制引起的光束自聚焦是造成介质损伤的主要因素。根据小信号的Bespalov-Talanov理论，只有特定空间频率(或称为模式)的调制具有最快的增长速度，其增长幅度可以用B积分参数来描述。目前，有关光束的自聚焦成丝已经引起了激光器研制人员的重视。     

自聚焦激光束光束质量评价的功率谱密度方法

把功率谱密度分析的方法引入到激光束光束质量的评价中，分析了自聚焦激光束的近场分布，研究了强激光非线性自聚焦的一般规律，给出了在一定强度调制下的光束经过钕玻璃介质发生自聚焦成丝效应的B积分阈值条件，实验和理论模拟结果基本一致.     

平顶光束经表面有缺陷的厚非线性介质后的光强分布

基于非线性薛定谔方程和分步傅里叶算法, 研究了高功率平顶高斯光束经过厚非线性介质后在自由空间传输的光强演变过程, 详细分析了介质表面缺陷对光强演化规律的影响.研究结果表明, 平顶阶数越大, 光束的自聚焦效果越差, 最大光强点越靠近介质后表面.入射光束的初始场强越强, 介质的厚度和非线性系数越大, 光束的自聚焦越强, 且极值点越靠近介质后表面.介质表面的缺陷使得光束在靠近介质后表面有较大的光强. 并且相位调制型缺陷比振幅调制型缺陷对光强的影响更大. 关键词： 平顶光束 自聚焦 缺陷 光强分布     

高斯光束通过非线性折射和吸收介质的光强分布

以衍射理论为基础,推导并模拟了高斯光束通过非线性折射和吸收效应介质后的远场光强分布。结果表明:入射高斯光束引起的介质折射率变化和光束波前曲率影响介质出射面光束的径向调制相位,安装在焦点前的有自聚焦效应的介质和安装在焦点后的有自散焦效应的介质具有闪耀光栅的能力,使远场出现中心为暗斑外侧为亮环的衍射图样。非线性折射效应为主的介质,其非线性吸收效应的变化同时改变远场衍射图样的数目和光强值,但对于非线性吸收效应为主的介质,衍射图样的数目随吸收效应的变化不明显,吸收效应只影响光强值。     

高斯光束通过非线性介质层的限幅效应

本文用数值分析的方法研究了两维高斯光束通过一定厚度的非线性折射介质后在线性空间传播的状态,分析了光束的近场和远场横向强度分布及通过一定孔径光阑的功率.结果表明,在考虑到光束经过非线性介质时,相位与横向分布都会发生变化后,仅在非线性折射效应作用下,在远场就存在限幅效应.在一定的强度范围之内,近场也存在限幅利用的可能性.     

熔石英介质中强紫外激光自聚焦效应研究

 针对脉冲宽度约1 ns、波长为351 nm的三倍频紫外激光，定量分析了熔石英介质中的自聚焦长度、峰值光强与强紫外激光光束质量及环境条件等因素的关系，研究了产生紫外光非线性自聚焦效应的阈值条件。研究结果表明：在强紫外激光光束质量一定的前提下，可将B积分值定义为自聚焦的阈值条件;入射强紫外激光光束质量越差，在熔石英介质中产生自聚焦的阈值条件越低;即使对于空间分布均匀的理想光束，当空气中存在灰尘时，经过一段距离的传输后，在熔石英介质中将导致强紫外激光自聚焦效应的产生，且灰尘尺寸较大时的自聚焦效应较明显,自聚焦的阈值条件也相对较低。     

环形斑光束在非线性克尔介质中的自聚焦效应

通过数值求解非线性Schrödinger方程,详细讨论了环形斑光束在非线性克尔介质中的传输特性.当入射光超过一定的功率时,光束产生多级自聚焦现象,自聚焦焦点出现在离轴的环上;自聚焦阈值与环形光束的半径有关;传输过程中光斑存在横向分裂现象,并且分裂与聚焦交替进行;当两个半径不同的同轴环状光束同时在非线性介质中传输时产生耦合效应,耦合效应使其自聚焦增强.     

高功率激光驱动器中小尺度自聚焦和噪声模型

 建立了一套线性的近似分析方法，研究高功率激光驱动器中强激光传输的小尺度自聚焦效应和相位噪声对光束传输和光束质量的影响，给出了系统噪声强度、B积分值与光束近场调制对比度之间的定量关系。研究表明,为保证输出光束质量，即近场调制对比度小于给定值，系统内的噪声强度必须符合一定的谱分布。     

克尔介质中超连续谱的产生与自聚焦的抑制

 从（3+1）维非线性薛定谔方程出发，理论上分析了超短脉冲频谱展宽与自聚焦的影响因素。分析得出：通过改变泵浦光的功率和光束口径，可以实现光谱的极大展宽并避免自聚焦成丝。数值模拟了小口径强泵浦光束在BK7玻璃中的传输过程并进行了实验验证。模拟结果显示在超连续谱产生的同时小尺度调制被完全抑制。实验结果表明：降低泵浦光功率，使光束不会因为全光束自聚焦而发生塌陷，同时还能控制除自聚焦外的其它非线性效应，进而改善近场光束质量。由于自相位调制是超短超强脉冲产生超连续谱的重要机制之一，需要维持传输过程中的泵浦光功率，由此最佳的入射光功率应选在全光束自聚焦功率阈值附近。     

强光束局部小尺度调制致多路成丝现象研究

基于非线性Schrdinger方程模拟了Kerr介质中强光束局部小尺度调制致光束多路成丝现象，发现在一定的B积分范围内，光束局部小尺度调制基本上只从该局部本底场中吸收能量获得增长，从而将该局部光束分裂成细丝.当光束不同部分的小尺度调制相隔较远时，各 细丝的演化基本上不相关. 关键词： 自聚焦 多路成丝 非线性Schrdinger方程     

BRIEFING: beam reconstruction by iteration of an electromagnetic field with an induced nonlinearity gauge

Measurement of the local intensity and phase distributions in the small focal waist of a laser beam with the use of a thin nonlinear-optical layer is discussed. We suggested and tested in a computer experiment the beam reconstruction by iteration of an electromagnetic field with an induced nonlinear gauge (BRIEFING) algorithm, which allows one to extract the absolute intensity (in watts per square centimeter) and phase distributions from two intensity patterns in the far-field zone: with and without nonlinearity.     

Nonlinear beam shaper for femtosecond laser pulses, from Gaussian to flat-top profile

We present a straightforward method to transform a spatially Gaussian femtosecond laser beam into a flat-top shaped beam. The proposed technique takes advantage of a nonlinear phase induced in positive Kerr medium followed by a simple optical system. The variation of the refractive index with the laser intensity creates a phase plate which induces changes in the beam profile after propagation; flat-top and doughnut profiles are observed. The shaping conditions are computed numerically and confirmed experimentally. The method does not introduce energy losses. The device is very simple, self-regulated, flexible and does not need a manufactured phase plate or precise alignment. This method can be useful for light-matter interaction and laser machining.     

Analysis of the dynamics of high intensity Gaussian laser beams in nonlinear de-focusing Kerr media

An approximate analytical approach is presented for analyzing the evolution of the radial intensity profile of initially Gaussian laser beams propagating in nonlinear de-focusing Kerr media. Explicit and accurate solutions are obtained describing the first stage of the evolution of high intensity beams in which the beam profile evolves into an almost flat-topped distribution, subsequently leading to the well known phenomena of wave breaking and concomitant intensity ring formation.     

聚吡咯甲烯/聚乙烯醇薄膜对高斯光束的衍射行为

制备了一种新型有机聚合物（聚吡咯甲烯）与聚乙烯醇的非线性光学复合薄膜,在该样品的激光纵向扫描实验中发现,随着样品相对于高斯光束束腰位置的不同,产生了两种不同结构的同心衍射环,理论分析表明,该现象可以用光克尔效应和热光非线性效应共同作用下的附加相位孔对入射光束的衍射行为解释,从菲涅耳－基尔霍夫衍射积分公式出发,建立了非线性光学介质对高斯光束的衍射模型,通过数值积分,得到了与实验现象符合的计算结果。     

Absorption-induced optical bistability and dissipative solitons in a BEC interferometer

A model of the absorption-induced nonlinear response of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate driven by a weak resonant laser beam is presented. The model takes into account the slow BEC decay due to spontaneous emission and magnetic-trap loss by binary collisions, as well as compensation of the decay by injection of ground-state atoms into the trap. It is shown that the nonlinear response is much stronger than in other nonlinear optical media. For a BEC interferometer driven by a monochromatic beam, the threshold intensity for hysteretic switching is found, and dissipative spatial solitons are demonstrated.     

All-optical logic gates with bacteriorhodopsin

All-optical logic gates with bacteriorhodopsin (bR) protein molecules have been demonstrated based on all-optical switching of a cw probe laser beam by multiple pulsed pump laser beams due to nonlinear intensity-induced excited-state absorption. A cw probe laser beam at 640 nm corresponding to the peak absorption of O-state in the bR photocycle is switched by a pulsed pump laser beam at 570 nm corresponding to the maximum initial B state absorption, at relatively low powers. The switching characteristics have been used to design all-optical NOT and the universal NOR and NAND logic gates and the effect of various parameters such as variation in pump pulse width, pump intensity, lifetime of O state and absorption cross-section of the B state at probe wavelength on the switching characteristics has been analyzed.