偶偶核超形变带唯象分析

利用宏观模型对¹⁹²Hg,¹⁹⁴Hg三条超形变带进行唯象分析,提出了从现有实验数据精确决定超形变带自旋的方法.     

巨偶极共振相互作用玻色子模型的连续变量表示解

本文应用动力学群表示的生成坐标方法(DGR-GCM)推导并讨论了IBM(s,p,d)的连续变量表示;分析了^148,150Nd和^152,154Sm的静态势能,得到各核的形变参量β₀;求解相应的等效哈密顿量的本征方程,得到了能量本征值和本征函数,并得到了形变核的巨偶极共振劈裂以及纵向的与横向的电偶极强度之比(S₊/S_－)小于2的结论,这与从IBM(s,p,d)的代数分析结果相一致.     

DHF方法对A～100区偶偶核形状的系统研究

采用修正的表面δ相互作用(MSDI),对^102—114Ru、^102—116Pd和^104—116Cd等22个偶偶核作了形变HF计算.得到了长椭球、扁椭球等基态或激发态的解.结果表明,在质量数为102—116间的原子核存在形状过渡、形状共存现象,且单粒子能级随质量数及组态的不同而不同.同时发现质子数的多少以及3S_1/2轨道的开始填充对形状过渡起着重要作用.     

偶偶Cd同位素核的形变HF态及负宇称带研究

将具有正宇称的轨道空间扩大到包含具有负宇称的1h_11/2轨道,采用修正的表面δ相互作用(MSDI),对¹⁰⁴Cd,¹⁰⁶Cd,¹⁰⁸Cd,¹¹⁰Cd,¹¹²Cd,¹¹⁴Cd和¹¹⁶Cd等7个偶偶核作了形变HF计算.得到了基态和一些激发态的解.同时,还用近似角动量投影形变Hartree-Fock(PDHF)方法对¹⁰⁸Cd和¹¹⁰Cd进行了能谱计算,得到其正、负宇称带的解,计算结果与实验谱基本一致.     

偶偶Ge和Se同位素核的形变HF态及负宇称带研究

将具有负宇称的fp轨道空间扩大到包含具有正宇称的1g_9/2轨道,采用修正的表面δ相互作用,对⁶⁴Ge,⁶⁶Ge,⁶⁸Ge,⁷⁰Se,⁷²Se和⁷⁴Se等6个偶偶核做了形变HF计算.得到了基态和一些激发态的解.同时,还用近似角动量投影形变Hartree-Fock(PDHF)方法,对⁶⁴Ge和⁷⁴Se进行了能谱计算,得到其正、负宇称带的解,计算结果与实验谱基本一致.     

1h11/2轨道对A～100区偶偶核形状影响的系统研究

采用修正的表面δ相互作用(MSDI),对^102—114Ru,^102—116Pd和^104—116Cd等22个偶偶核分别在gds和gdsh两种不同的组态空间中作了形变HF计算.得到了长、扁椭球等基态或激发态的解.结果表明在质量数为102—116间的原子核存在形状过渡和形状共存现象,且单粒子能级随质量数及组态的不同而不同.两种不同组态空间中的计算结果的对比表明,形变HF计算中1h_11/2轨道的介入及填充与否对A～100区偶偶核的单粒子能谱及形状有较大影响     

相对论平均场框架下偶-偶核奇-偶核计算误差的系统研究

在相对论平均场理论框架下, 用NL-3和NL-Z两组相互作用参数研究了4个同位素链²⁸Ni,⁵⁴Xe,⁷⁸Pt,⁹⁴Pu的基态性质. 发现,在Hatree近似下奇A核结合能理论计算值与实验值的相对误差反而普遍比偶偶核小. 这说明用相对论平均场理论,即使不考虑矢量介子的空间分量,仍可以比较可靠地计算奇A核结合能.     

Rn-Th偶偶核的八级形变研究

用推转壳模型在多维形变空间系统研究了Rn-Th偶偶核的基态性质及高自旋情形下的性质, 其中选取的形变自由度为β₂, β₃, β₄和β₅. 计算结果很好的再现了实验提取的转动惯量值. 势能面的研究表明, 随中子数的增加, 基态形状由近球形(N≈130)逐渐演变为八极形变(N≈136)后又发展成为稳定的四极形变(N≥140). 推转计算表明Rn-Th偶偶核的八极形变非常软, 在推转到高自旋情形下, 逐渐变为反射对称形变.     

偶-偶Er同位素核的γ自由度效应

根据Davydov和Filippov的非轴对称转子模型,从实验的E(22+)/E(21+)以及E(21+)值,提取了偶-偶Er同位素的四极形变β与非轴对称γ参数.结果表明.Davydov和Filippov关于非轴对称转子的理论,与过渡区核的低激发谱的实验结果相符合,表明在¹⁵⁷Tm中非轴对称性是重要的.     

氧分子对电子偶素的态转换

把气凝硅胶作为可变能量的电子偶素源,用时间选择γ能谱仪研究电子偶素在氧气中的运动,验证快速电子偶素与氧分子非弹性碰撞发生的态的转换效应,测得在两个阈能附近的截面为2.1×10^－17cm²和6.6×10^－18cm².研究慢速电子偶素与氧分子弹性碰撞交换电子所致态转换,发现过程的截面与电子偶素平均速度的平方根成反比,这一过程可以提供比较干净的仲态电子偶素源进行其它精密物理实验.     

原子核代数模型中的F-旋混合态、回弯、电磁跃迁问题的研究

在原子核的代数模型框架下,讨论了集体回弯效应、较高自旋的Ｆ－旋混合对称态以及电磁跃迁几率等问题． The collective backbending effect, F spin mixed symmetry states have been studied for the nuclei with moderate high spins. It is found that there is an additional L(L+3) proportional term in the E2 transition rates in the sdg interacting boson model and solved the long standing problem of reduction of collectivity in the wave function of boson models. The electromagnetic transitions in the spdf interacting boson model have been calculated and compared with existing experimental...     

sdg boson model in the SU(3) scheme

Basic properties of the interacting boson model with s-, d- and g-bosons are investigated in rotational nuclei. An SU(3)-seniority scheme is found for the classification of physically important states according to a group reduction chain U(15) ? SU(3). The capability of describing rotational bands increases enormously in comparison with the ordinary sd interacting boson model. The sdg boson model is shown to be able to describe the so-called anharmonicity effect recently observed in the ¹⁶⁸Er nucleus.     

含G对费米子动力学对称SP(10)模型的Dyson玻色子实现

将费米子动力学对称模型包含G费米子对能够构造出SP(10)或SO(12)动力学对称群.本文用GeneralizedDyson玻色子映射方法求出SP(10)对称群精确的玻色子映像,其子群SU(5)生成元的玻色子映像与sdg相互作用玻色子模型(IBM)SU(5)生成元相同,唯象sdgIBMSU(5)极限能谱公式可由费米子动力学对称模型的微观参数描述.     

Mean-field derivation of the interacting boson model Hamiltonian and exotic nuclei

A novel way of determining the Hamiltonian of the interacting boson model (IBM) is proposed. Based on the fact that the potential energy surface of the mean-field model, e.g., the Skyrme model, can be simulated by that of the IBM, parameters of the IBM Hamiltonian are obtained. By this method, the multifermion dynamics of surface deformation can be mapped, in a good approximation, onto a boson system. The validity of this process is examined for Sm and Ba isotopes, and an application is presented to an unexplored territory of the nuclear chart, namely, the right lower corner of 208Pb.     

SD对壳模型下原子核形状相变（英文）

在SD 对壳模型的理论框架下讨论了原子核形状相变模式。研究结果表明，该理论模型可以把相互作用玻色子模型中U（5）-SU（3）以及U（5）-SO（6） 形状相变模式再现出来，相互作用玻色子模型中有关临界点对称性的特征也可以很好地描述。本文同时也发现原子核从振动到转动的形状相变可以通过改变相互作用强度来实现。The nuclear shape phase transitional patterns were studied in the SD-pair shell model. The results show that the transitional patterns similar to the U(5)-SU(3) and U(5)-SO(6) transitions in the interacting boson model can be produced. The signatures of the critical point symmetry in the interacting boson model are also produced approximately. It is also found that the shape phase transitional pattern between vibration and rotation can also be produced by changing the interactional strength.     

Relationship between the interacting boson model of Arima and Iachello and the collective model of Bohr and Mottelson

The generator coordinate method is used to relate the interacting boson model and the collective model through an isometric transformation. It associated complex parameters to the original boson operators whereas the ultimate collective variables are real. The mapping of operators of the interacting boson model onto those of the collective model turns out to be of Holstein-Primakoff type.     

On the relation between the interacting boson model of Arima and Iachello and the collective model of Bohr and Mottelson. II

The generator coordinate method is used to relate the interacting boson model of Arima and lachello and the collective model of Bohr and Mottelson through an isometric transformation. It associates complex parameters to the original boson operators whereas the ultimate collective variables are real. The absolute squares of the collective wave functions can be given a direct probability interpretation. The lowest order Bohr-Mottelson hamiltonian is obtained in the harmonic approximation to the interacting boson model; unharmonic coupling terms render the collective potential to be velocity dependent. The mapping of operators of the interacting boson model onto those of the Bohr-Mottelson model turns out to be of Holstein-Primakoff type.     

超形变核态的相互作用玻色子模型研究

概要介绍了超形变核态的相互作用玻色子模型研究的现状、理论框架及一些应用.The present status, the framework and some applications of the investigation on the superdeformed nuclear states in the scheme of the interacting boson model are described.     

原子核形状演变的又一个特征指标E0跃迁及对102—110Pd偶偶核的应用

利用相互作用玻色子模型分别在U(5)—SU(3)和U(5)—O(6)描述下研究了^102—110Pd偶偶核的电单极跃迁.研究表明,这些偶偶Pd核能够用U(5)—SU(3)更好地描述.