电路理论中的理想电源

详实地论述了电路理论中一个重要物理模型——理想电源的建立初衷及其在实际电源电路中的应用。     

294MeV 20Ne＋12C出射α粒子的研究

实验测量了２９４ＭｅＶ２０Ｎｅ＋１２Ｃ反应中出射α粒子的单举能谱及角分布,用三源模型拟合了实验数据,大角度出射α粒子的实验结果表明了靶核碎裂（ｂｒｅａｋｕＰ）机制的存在． Inclusive energy spectra and angutar distribution of α-particles have been measured in the reaction of 294MeV 20N bombardment of 12C target. Three sources fitting was Performed for the experimental data. The fact of α-particle emission at large angles indicates the process of target breakup.     

30MeV/u 40Ar+natAg反应中中等质量碎片的发射源

在6°─110°范围内测量了30MeV/u的⁴⁰Ar轰击^natAg靶产生的中等质量碎片(3≤Z≤16)能谱,利用运动源模型拟合能谱,并详细讨论了类弹、类靶和中速这三种源的特性及其随角度和中等质量碎片电荷的变化规律.从前角区中等质量碎片的符合测量中得到关联测得的两个中等质量碎片分别来自于两个发射源,即一个来自于类弹源,另一个来自于中速源的几率占绝大多数.     

基于线性子链法的压水堆裂变产物源项一体化计算方法

核电厂设计基准源项计算可为核电厂安全评审提供依据,同时也是辐射屏蔽计算的基础。基于压水堆堆芯、一回路和气载源项的研究基础,类比衰变常数引入了迁移常数和核反应常数的概念,进而总结了一体化计算上述源项中裂变产物源项的源项方程。针对源项方程变系数、大型、稀疏和刚性的特点,在时间离散近似的基础上,基于线性子链算法编写程序求解了上述方程。通过与典型压水堆工程文件对比,证明了程序的正确性和必要性。     

稀疏贝叶斯学习远近场混合源定位方法

针对远、近场混合源定位,提出一种基于稀疏重构理论框架的远、近场混合源分离和定位算法。该算法充分考虑平面波导向矢量和球面波导向矢量的相关特性,利用远、近场声源在阵列上的响应机理的差异,针对远、近场区域分别构造过完备字典,采用多测量矢量模型下的稀疏贝叶斯学习算法重构远近场混合源的空间谱,同时完成远近场混合源的分离和定位。本文算法可以在半波长间距布放的线列阵下对混合源进行定位,适用于高斯和非高斯信号,且无需信源数和噪声功率等先验信息,并具有较高的分辨力和定位精度·计算机仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。      

远近场混合源的波束解卷积定位

提出了定位远近场混合源的波束解卷积技术,针对非相干远近场混合声信号的线列阵观测结果,推导了其常规波束形成(CBF)空间谱中固有的广义二维卷积数学关系,利用Richardson-Lucy算法实现波束能量聚焦以获得近场目标的精确空域参数估计,通过混合源协方差矩阵向近场流形的正交补空间投影操作提取远场分量,并分析得到其内在的一维卷积关系,然后通过角度域波束解卷积进行远场信号的波达估计。仿真分析表明,所提方法提升了CBF谱的空域分辨力,通过投影映射隔离近场分量后实现了混合源的分离。与现有方案相比,所提算法针对远场信源可实现10 dB的背景噪声级抑制。     

电源电路的选择对测量电表内阻的影响

本文就半偏法测电表内阻的电源电路对测量的影响进行了分析。     

基于心磁信号的心脏电流偶极子阵列成像及相关性质的研究

超导量子干涉器（SQUID）能探测到微弱的心脏磁场信号. 通过对所得的心磁信号进行分析,可为许多心脏疾病的诊断提供依据. 利用心磁信号,采用极小范数最小二乘法（MNLS）对心脏的电流偶极子阵列进行重建,从而实现了对心脏内部等效电流源的成像. 在使用MNLS进行电流偶极子阵列反演重建的过程中,反演所需的心磁信号,分别由单电流偶极子和电流多极子作为激发源模拟得到,以及由SQUID实际测量得到. 同时,对不同心磁信号反演得到的电流偶极子的分布规律进行了分析. 此外,还给模拟的人体外心磁信号施加了均匀噪声和随机噪声,研究不同信噪比的均匀噪声和随机噪声对电流偶极子阵列重建的影响. 关键词： 心磁信号 超导量子干涉器 电流偶极子阵列重建 极小范数最小二乘法     

基于心磁信号的心脏电流偶极子阵列成像及相关性质的研究

超导量子干涉器（SQUID）能探测到微弱的心脏磁场信号. 通过对所得的心磁信号进行分析,可为许多心脏疾病的诊断提供依据. 利用心磁信号,采用极小范数最小二乘法（MNLS）对心脏的电流偶极子阵列进行重建,从而实现了对心脏内部等效电流源的成像. 在使用MNLS进行电流偶极子阵列反演重建的过程中,反演所需的心磁信号,分别由单电流偶极子和电流多极子作为激发源模拟得到,以及由SQUID实际测量得到. 同时,对不同心磁信号反演得到的电流偶极子的分布规律进行了分析. 此外,还给模拟的人体外心磁信号施加了均匀噪声和随机噪声,研究不同信噪比的均匀噪声和随机噪声对电流偶极子阵列重建的影响.     

Forward and inverse problem for cardiac magnetic field and electric potential using two boundary element methods

This paper discusses the forward and inverse problem for cardiac magnetic fields and electric potentials.A torso-heart model established by boundary element method(BEM) is used for studying the distributions of cardiac magnetic fields and electric potentials.Because node-to-node and triangle-to-triangle BEM can lead to discrepant field distributions,their properties and influences are compared.Then based on constructed torso-heart model and supposed current source functional model-current dipole array,the magnetic and electric imaging by optimal constrained linear inverse method are applied at the same time.Through figure and reconstructing parameter comparison,though the magnetic current dipole array imaging possesses better reconstructing effect,however node-to-node BEM and triangleto-triangle BEM make little difference to magnetic and electric imaging.     

The forward and inverse problem of cardiac magnetic fields based on concentric ellipsoid torso-heart model

<正>This paper constructs a concentric ellipsoid torso-heart model by boundary element method and investigates the impacts of model structures on the cardiac magnetic fields generated by both equivalent primary source—a current dipole and volume currents.Then by using the simulated magnetic fields based on the torso-heart model as input,the cardiac current sources—an array of current dipoles by optimal constrained linear inverse method are constructed.Next, the current dipole array reconstruction considering boundaries are compared with that in an unbounded homogeneous medium.Furthermore,the influence of random noise on reconstruction is also considered and the reconstructing effect is judged by several reconstructing parameters.     

基于贪婪稀疏方法的心脏磁场源重构

心脏磁场源重构, 即通过人体胸腔表面的磁场阵列测量信号反演产生该磁场的电流源分布, 是一种无创地研究心脏电活动的方法. 本文用线性化方程描述测量磁场与心脏内部电流源的关系, 并通过一种贪婪优化的方法得到了源重构的稀疏解. 通过近似正交化过程和改变迭代算法中原子的选择方式, 降低了优化算法的复杂度, 可在保证源重构精度的情况下, 快速搜索源空间中强度比较大的位置. 文中通过一组正常人的心磁测量数据, 说明了源重构方法的有效性. 这组数据的研究结果表明, 强度大于65%的重构电流源的空间移动轨迹与心脏除极和复极电活动的传导过程基本符合. 其QRS 和ST-T 段的实测心磁图与重构电流源产生的磁场图的平均拟合优度分别为99.36%和99.78%. 关键词： 心磁图 逆问题 稀疏解 正交匹配追踪     

多腔体心脏磁场模型的研究与应用

利用核磁共振图像(MRI)中提取的人体和心脏边界,根据边界元方法(BEM)建立了一个考虑左、右心房和心室的多腔体心脏磁场模型.分析了用该模型得到的36通道心脏磁场数据和特定时刻的磁场图.并在此基础上,研究了完全性右束支传导阻滞(CRBBB)和完全性左束支传导阻滞(CLBBB)病人ST-T段的心脏电活动.结果显示,用移动单电流偶极子模拟的单束支电兴奋传导所产生的磁场图与用超导量子干涉器(SQUID)测量的CRBBB/CLBBB病人数据绘制的心脏复极时的心磁图(MCG)十分相似.结果表明,该多腔体心脏BEM模型可用于CLBBB/CRBBB病人心脏磁场逆问题的研究.此外,文中给出了两个评价指标:测量平面上多腔体与单腔体的心脏磁场强度极大值之比,以及两种模型的36个测量点上磁场强度均方根之比.分析表明,多腔体心脏模型更贴近人体心脏的实际情况.该模型中心脏组织电导率参数的取值,以及等效电流偶极子的位置和个数决定了磁场的强度和分布.     

Simulation study of a magnetocardiogram based on a virtual heart model: effect of a cardiac equivalent source and a volume conductor

In this paper,we present a magnetocardiogram(MCG) simulation study using the boundary element method(BEM) and based on the virtual heart model and the realistic human volume conductor model.The different contributions of cardiac equivalent source models and volume conductor models to the MCG are deeply and comprehensively investigated.The single dipole source model,the multiple dipoles source model and the equivalent double layer(EDL) source model are analysed and compared with the cardiac equivalent source models.Meanwhile,the effect of the volume conductor model on the MCG combined with these cardiac equivalent sources is investigated.The simulation results demonstrate that the cardiac electrophysiological information will be partly missed when only the single dipole source is taken,while the EDL source is a good option for MCG simulation and the effect of the volume conductor is smallest for the EDL source.Therefore,the EDL source is suitable for the study of MCG forward and inverse problems,and more attention should be paid to it in future MCG studies.     

Inverse computation for cardiac sources using single current dipole and current multipole models

Two cardiac functional models are constructed in this paper. One is a single current model and the other is a current multipole model. Parameters denoting the properties of these two models are calculated by a least-square fit to the measurements using a simulated annealing algorithm. The measured signals are detected at 36 observation nodes by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). By studying the trends of position, orientation and magnitude of the single current dipole model and the current multipole model in the QRS complex during one time span and comparing the reconstructed magnetocardiography (MCG) of these two cardiac models, we find that the current multipole model is a more appropriate model to represent cardiac electrophysiological activity.     

Cardiac electrical activity imaging of patients with CRBBB or CLBBB in magnetocardiography

A new method for the imaging of cardiac electrical activity in patients with complete right bundle branch block （CRBBB） or complete left bundle branch block （CLBBB） is investigated using magnetocardiographic recordings of the surface of the body. This is based on the assumption that an equivalent single-current dipole moves along the unblocked bundle branch, whose position in the measurement plane is expressed in terms of the maximum and minimum, as well as the maximum gradient value of the measured magnetic field. The trajectory of the moving dipole on the measurement plane is indicative of theexcitation conduction of the CRBBB or CLBBB subject during ventricular depolarization and repolarization, which is deduced by comparing each change between the dipole moment and the maximum current density in a corresponding pseudo-current density map. In summary, this method can distinguish CRBBB from CLBBB subjects by means of the dipole depth and two dipole moment components. The possibility of visualizing the excitation conduction in a CRBBB or CLBBB subject during ventricular depolarization and repolarization is then discussed.     

Multimodal integration of EEG, MEG and fMRI data for the solution of the neuroimage puzzle

In this paper, advanced methods for the modeling of human cortical activity from combined high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are presented. These methods include a subject's multicompartment head model (scalp, skull, dura mater, cortex) constructed from magnetic resonance images, multidipole source model and regularized linear inverse source estimates of cortical current density. Determination of the priors in the resolution of the linear inverse problem was performed with the use of information from the hemodynamic responses of the cortical areas as revealed by block-designed (strength of activated voxels) fMRI. Examples of the application of these methods to the estimation of the time varying cortical current density activity in selected region of interest (ROI) are presented for movement-related high-resolution EEG data.