调制驻波光场中二能级原子动量扩散的动力学研究

分析了二能级原子在振幅调制驻波光场作用下动量扩散模型.这个量子系统在经典极限下表现混沌行为.在相同参数条件下,这个系统具有动力学局域特征. 关键词：     

具有非线性缺陷的光子晶体的局域模

采用传输矩阵的方法，严格导出一维具有克尔非线性缺陷的光子晶体的局域模频率方程。局域模频率依赖于局域光强。取负克尔系数时，随着局域光强的增加，局域模频率从下带边出现，在带隙间上升，最后消失在上带边。在给定人射光频率下，随着人射光强的变化，系统呈现出双稳态。这种光学稳态性质则由局域模频率的移动引起的。     

用局域模型研究分子局域模振动态的振转光谱

利用描述伸缩振动泛频态的两种模型———NMDD简正模型和HCAO局域模型的波函数的等价关系，发展了用局域模型波函数求振转参数有效值的方法，并用这个方法推出XH_n型（n=2，3，4）分子局域模振动态的有效振转参数在局域模极限下满足改进的“α-关系”． 关键词：     

弱的参数周期扰动对一非线性系统安全域的影响与分形侵蚀安全域的控制

讨论了弱参数周期扰动对于非线性系统安全域的影响,在一定频率下的参数周期扰动将加速安全域的分形侵蚀,而在另一些频率的扰动下,将抑制安全域的分形侵蚀,并且存在着增进安全域的最优频率.提出了用弱参数周期扰动控制受到分形侵蚀的安全域的方法,并用Melnikov方法进行了分析.最后讨论了这种控制安全域的方法在实际环境中当具有外加噪声时的鲁棒性. 关键词： 分形吸引域边界 参数的周期扰动 控制     

冷却原子在相位调制加速驻波光场作用下动量扩散的动力学

分析了二能级原子在相位调制加速驻波光场作用下动量扩散模型,这个量子系统在经典极限下表现混沌行为.在相同参量条件下,这个系统具有动力学局域特征,但混沌扩散运动没有完全受到抑制 关键词：     

局部不均匀性对时空系统振荡频率的影响

以复金兹堡一朗道方程为模型,利用数值实验方法观察了时空系统中螺旋波斑图的演化行为,发现在局域非均匀参数条件下,系统的螺旋波可以受到该杂质区域的影响而演化成为稳定的靶波.研究表明,内传的螺旋波转换为稳定靶波的必要条件是非杂质系统和杂质系统的振荡频率相等且小于系统的固有频率,并在参数一频率空间形成一个特殊的V形区域,进一步分析表明,该V形区域具有左右对称、两侧靶波传播方向相反以及随杂质区域参数α_2的增大而向参数β_2减小方向平移等性质.     

扰动对一维局域模的影响

在紧束缚模型基础上，考虑到缺陷、温度、掺杂等外界因素的影响，用方形随机分布模拟了格点原子扰动对一维局域模的影响.给出了不同扰动参数σ下，孤子和极化子中各个局域模的变化情况.计算发现，由于孤子g₁模的钉扎效应，扰动后，弱模g₄定域性会得到加强，还会产生两个新定域模g′₁和g′₂，它们与相应的g₁和g₂模有相同的节点和宇称 ；极化子的g₇模在畸变较大时将 关键词： 扰动 局域模 聚合物     

混沌噪声背景下微弱脉冲信号的检测及恢复

构建了一种在混沌噪声背景下检测并恢复微弱脉冲信号的模型.首先,基于混沌信号的短期可预测性及其对微小扰动的敏感性,对观测信号进行相空间重构、建立局域线性自回归模型进行单步预测,得到预测误差,并利用假设检验方法从预测误差中检测观测信号中是否含有微弱脉冲信号.然后,对微弱脉冲信号建立单点跳跃模型,并融合局域线性自回归模型,构成双局域线性(DLL)模型,以极小化DLL模型的均方预测误差为目标进行优化,采用向后拟合算法估计模型的参数,并最终恢复出混沌噪声背景下的微弱脉冲信号.仿真实验结果表明本文所建的模型能够有效地检测并恢复出混沌噪声背景中的微弱脉冲信号.     

非均匀无序系统中Anderson局域化的标度理论——实空间重整化群途径

针对大量具有空间调制的无序系统,本文提出一种实空间重整化群变换方案。这个方案保证了在空间映象下相对的空间调制结构不变,因此可用以研究非均匀无序系统Anderson局域化的临界性质。在有限晶格近似下,我们对无序金属超晶格的一个简化模型求解了RG方程,得到不动点和临界指数的近似值,并发现空间调制在一定程度上引起无序系统电子局域化性质的改变。 关键词：     

一维无序扰动周期结构中局域长度的对称等价变换

以一维周期结构光谱对称性为基础，提出了无序扰动周期结构有关局域长度的一个新的变换关系：对称等价变换，并用数值计算加以了验证.该等价变换描述了不同无序度的结构对不同频率光子局域能力之间的等价关系，为无序结构中光子局域性质的进一步研究提供了一个新的工具. 关键词： 局域长度 无序扰动周期结构 对称等价变换     

A relaxation theory of plasma-broadened He II lines

The relaxation theory of plasma line broadening developed by Smith and Hooper, and extended by Smith, is applied to a charged radiator. The 304 Å Lyman alpha line of He II is chosen as an example. The radiator is assumed perturbed only by electronic and ionic electric microfields. The ions are treated in the static approximation. Two-component ion microfield distribution functions that allow for the presence of both He⁺ and He⁺⁺ perturbers are employed. The fact that the radiator is charged complicates the treatment of electron perturbation; two different approaches are included. The first neglects the effect of the charge of the radiator on the perturbing electron and assumes that the perturbing electrons can be represented by momentum wave functions. This method corresponds to Smith's treatment of the electron perturbers in neutral hydrogen. The second includes the effect of the charge of the radiator on the perturbing electrons and represents the perturbing electrons by Coulomb wave functions; this calculation requires evaluation of free-free gaunt factors. The theory, with both the momentum and Coulomb perturber wave functions, predicts a blue asymmetry in the near wings of the line. These two approaches can be compared with the classical path approach of Griem and Shen.     

The gravitomagnetic clock effect and its possible observation

The general relativistic gravitomagnetic clock effect involves a coupling between the orbital motion of a test particle and the rotation of the central mass and results in a difference in the proper periods of two counter–revolving satellites. It is shown that at ??(c^‐2) this effect has a simple analogue in the electromagnetic case. Moreover, in view of a possible measurement of the clock effect in the gravitational field of the Earth, we investigate the influence of some classical perturbing forces of the terrestrial space environment on the orbital motion of test bodies along opposite trajectories.     

New trends in baro-enzymology

Abstract

The recent interest on high pressure biotechnology (mainly in food industry) requires fundamental studies on the pressure behavior of biochemical constituants¹ In this laboratory, we use pressure as a thermodynamic parameter, such as temperature, to determine the energetic quantities of enzyme reactions². Two essential requirements for the study of the mechanism of enzyme action are that, first, a simple rate constant has to be measured (determination of a composite rate constant, such as kcat, can lead to ambiguous results) and, second, a maximum number of physico-chemical ways must be used to perturb the system under study. To assess this simple usually very rapid rate constant, cryoenzymology was used. It was then possible to probe, at constant pressure, the thermodynamics of the interconversion of two successive intermediates, thereby obtaining the classical ΔG? ΔS? and ΔH? parameters. Ify however, we can also vary another intensive parameter, namely the pressure, it is possible to determine the activation volume (ΔV?) of the reaction. In addition to pressure and temperature, a third variable has to be considered also : the nature of the cryosolvent which allows experiments to be extended to subzero temperatures in the first place (with the medium being kept fluid) but which can also act as a perturbing agent thereby inducing controlled and reversible changes in equilibrium and me processes. The interdependence of the two variables, namely temperature and pressure, which is predicted by the general equation for the standard variation of free energy ΔG = f(T, P), is presented. This approach will be illustrated using different model reactions where data are analysed according to the classical transition state theory.     

Theory of a three-level gas laser amplifier

A laser amplifier to be treated in this work consists of an ensemble of atoms three energy levels of which form two coupled transitions of arbitrary frequencies. Two classical monochromatic travelling light waves are to be close to resonance with the transitions. The gain profile (or spontaneous emission) on the transition corresponding to the weak “probe” wave, modified by the perturbing field on the other transition, is calculated via a susceptibility. Within this framework, the atoms are described by an ensemble-averaged density matrix with full account of level degeneracies, light polarizations, and inelastic and dephasing collisions; an extension to elastic collisions and disorientation is straightforward. An integration over the thermal velocity distribution gives results applicable to gas discharges: directionally anisotropic narrow structures superimposed on the Doppler-broadened probe-gain profile due to non-linear interference effects in addition to saturation. At alower probe frequency, a peculiar non-Lorentzian signal appears even with transparency on the perturbing transition. At low intensities a distinction is reasonable of frequency correlations due to generalized two-quantum processes, and of a dynamic Stark splitting. These effects permit an information on the linewidth of the third forbidden transition. The connection with numerous related approaches is pointed out.     

量子参数激励单摆的局域效应研究

分析了二能级原子在振幅调制主波场中动量扩散模型。这是一个量子参数激励单摆系统。这个量子系统在经典极限下表现混沌行为。在相同参数条件下,这个系统具有动力学特征。     

Line shapes in nonlinear spectroscopy

The shape of the spectral lines of an optically active system interacting with one or more strong radiation fields in the presence of a perturbing bath is studied. A method based on the statistics of the fluctuation of the interaction between the radiator and the perturbing environment (the model Markov microfield theory) is used. This method permits the foundations of line shape theory in modern statistical mechanics to be seen clearly. Multiphoton processes and homogeneous, inhomogeneous, and power broadening mechanisms are included in the analysis. The correlations between radiative and collisional processes which arise in nonlinear spectroscopy are included explicitly. A discussion of the new information that is obtained from these correlations in nonlinear spectroscopy is also presented. Several model systems are presented as illustrative examples of the theory.     

Manifestation of Arnol'd diffusion in quantum systems

We study an analog of the classical Arnol'd diffusion in a quantum system of two coupled nonlinear oscillators one of which is governed by an external periodic force with two frequencies. In a classical model this very weak diffusion happens in a narrow stochastic layer along the coupling resonance and leads to an increase of the total energy of the system. We show that quantum dynamics of wave packets mimics, up to some extent, global properties of the classical Arnol'd diffusion. This specific diffusion represents a new type of quantum dynamics and may be observed, for example, in 2D semiconductor structures (quantum billiards) perturbed by time-periodic external fields.     

On the reversibility of stripping reactions

The basis for the equivalence of prior and post forms of the T-matrix in both the Born and the distorted wave Born approximations is here studied in a one-dimensional model that facilitates clarification of some of the underlying mechanism. One sees how important it is that changes in the wave functions bring it about that averages of different perturbing potentials over different regions can still be equal. The post form commonly employed for a (d, p) reaction makes it seem at first sight that the potential stripping the deuteron apart is the potential that holds it together. The prior form DWBA has as a perturbation the intuitively appealing interaction responsible for the classical break-up of the deuteron and contributing to the “surface reaction” nature of stripping.     

Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic systems

By the generalized variational principle of two kinds of variables in general mechanics, it was demonstrated that two Lagrangian classical relationships can be applied to both holonomic systems and nonholonomic systems. And the restriction that two Lagrangian classical relationships cannot be applied to nonholonomic systems for a long time was overcome. Then, one important formula of similar Lagrangian classical relationship called the popularized Lagrangian classical relationship was derived. From Vakonomic model, by two Lagrangian classical relationships and the popularized Lagrangian classical relationship, the result is the same with Chetaev's model, and thus Chetaev's model and Vakonomic model were unified. Simultaneously, the Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic system was established. By some representative examples, it was validated that the Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic systems is right.     

Symmetry breaking on a model of five-mode truncated Navier-Stokes equations

A symmetryless model of nonlinear first-order differential equations, obtained by perturbing a known model of five-mode truncated Navier-Stokes equations, is studied. Some interesting phenomena, such as the existence of an infinite sequence of bifurcations in a very narrow range of the parameter and the simultaneous presence of a strange attractor either with two fixed attracting points or with a periodic attracting orbit, are shown. Furthermore, two new sequences of period doubling bifurcations are found in the unperturbed model.