定性仿真在锅炉状态监控和故障诊断中的应用

本文简要地介绍了定性仿真方法的发展及其在锅炉状态监控和故障诊断中的应用,并以某一300 MW 电站锅炉对流受热面为例,使用改进的半定量仿真器仿真出一段时间内的对流受热面出口温度的上下闭界,并与进行了定性化处理的出口温度测量数据流在动态范围内相交,有效地减少对流受热面出口温度的上下闭界,模型精炼后减少了原约束方程中参数的不确定性,使得后面进行的仿真结果更精确,从而证明使用该方法进行状态监控和故障诊断切实可行.     

基于GSE的600MW锅炉热力系统变工况特性仿真研究

本文应用CSE仿真平台的JTopmeret模块建立了某600 MW超临界锅炉对流受热面模型,通过嵌入自定义模块建立了锅炉辐射受热面、空气预热器等模型,实现对整个锅炉热力系统建模。通过对模型的校核,验证了模型的准确性,在此基础上仿真研究了锅炉热力系统变工况特性。仿真结果显示,随着负荷降低锅炉各受热面出口烟温均逐渐降低,对流受热面的吸热量减小、辐射受热面的吸热量增大;锅炉效率随负荷降低先略微增大后逐渐减小,且在90%负荷时最高。     

塔式锅炉炉膛烟气侧热偏差机理的数值研究

本文通过数值模拟给出了超超临界塔式锅炉炉膛内冷态和热态的流场和温度场,根据数值结果分析了炉膛烟气侧热偏差的形成机理,并进一步通过数值模拟寻求热偏差较小的燃烧器入射角度位置。数值结果表明,由于炉膛中的流动和传热是非线性的,存在非对称解,即使进行模拟时炉膛的几何结构和边界条件是完全对称的,炉膛内流体速度和温度分布仍然可能是非对称的,从而导致炉膛出口烟气侧的热偏差。数值结果还表明,改变燃烧器入射角度,能够改善炉膛出口热偏差。在本文所给出的计算条件下,燃烧器入射角为6°时,炉膛出口烟气侧热偏差相对较小。     

煤粉在四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉膛内的燃烧行为

本文对煤粉在四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉膛内的燃烧行为进行了数值研究。在计算中,将煤岩学对煤进行分类研究的思路引入燃烧学,对煤粉中所含不同煤岩类别的煤粒分别进行了研究。结果表明,煤粉中的部分难燃组分在炉膛内未能燃烬;炉膛出口处颗粒的浓度存在较明显的偏差,右侧浓度较大,未燃成分较多;煤粉的未燃烬及浓度偏差对四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉的局部超温爆管现象有直接的影响,且三次风的影响更为严重。     

新型S-CO2一次再热燃煤锅炉设计优化研究

针对超临界二氧化碳(S-CO_2)一次再热燃煤锅炉受热面布置方式进行研究,提出了一种新型S-CO_2燃煤锅炉受热面布置方案(方案3),以不同负荷下再热气温、锅炉效率和发电效率为指标将它与现有常规燃煤电站锅炉受热面布置方式(方案1)和周敬等提出的S-CO_2燃煤锅炉受热面布置方式(方案2)进行对比研究。结果表明:不同负荷下,方案3在维持再热气温方面表现最佳;三种方案的锅炉效率均随负荷的降低先增大,达到最高点后减小;在30%～100%设计负荷下,方案3的系统热力性能优于方案1和方案2,且方案3在60%～100%设计负荷下,发电效率均高于45.8%,明显优于现有常规燃煤电站。经济性分析结果表明,方案3具有显著的节能潜力。     

循环流化床多旋风分离器入口电容层析成像测量

旋风分离器是循环流化床锅炉的关键部件之一,其分离性能将直接影响整个循环流化床锅炉的总体设计及锅炉的运行性能.大型循环流化床锅炉采用多个旋风分离器与炉膛出口并联布置实现气固分离.研究其分离系统的气固两相流动特性可进行旋风分离器的分离性能分析。本文针对600 MW超临界循环流化床锅炉的冷态模型,采用电容层析成像测量技术进行旋风分离器入口烟道内气田两相流固相颗粒浓度测量,在不同床料量和炉膛表观风速下,研究多个旋风分离器入口固体颗粒分布特性,得到不同分离器入口处固体颗粒浓度随流化风速、初始物料量的变化,分析了电容原始信号的波动特性,研究结果对流化床大型化多分离器优化布置提供了支持.     

火焰三元传热过程数学模拟在电站锅炉中的应用

本文把火焰三元传热过程计算程序用于高井电站的10万瓩HG-410/100-1型煤粉锅炉的炉膛传热计算,并作了实验测定,二者的结果是接近的,还对锅炉炉膛设计中的一些工程问题,作了数学模拟计算和分析。     

高炉煤气锅炉水冷壁传热强化研究

锅炉高炉煤气增烧的新技术。加大炉膛的假想切园,提高烧嘴出口的火焰速度,使炉膛由辐射换热为主,变为以对流换热为主,弥补低热值煤气炉炉膛的吸热不足,从而提高高炉煤气的投用量,此项技术已成功地在湘钢自备电厂投入应用,当65t/h蒸汽出力,投送高炉煤气 55000 Nm3/h,混合煤气 4000 Nm3,除燃烧器重新设计外,炉膛不作任何变动。     

煤粉炉内辐射图象处理和燃烧过程数值模拟相结合初探

1引言大型电站锅炉炉膛内的燃烧过程是发生在相对较大空间内的、不断脉动的、具有强烈三维特征的复杂物理和化学过程。因为实际炉膛尺寸太大,以至于还没有建立适用的可视化技术手段[1],只能对其缩小了的模型在实验室进行研究[2.3]。作者在炉膛煤粉燃烧二维温度分布检测研究[4]的基础上,提出了以多幅辐射图像处理为基础的三维温度分布检测方法[5]。本文将建立较为严密的辐射图象信息同炉内燃烧过程的关系式,并借助燃烧过程数值模拟技术来估计炉内燃烧介质辐射特性参数非均匀分布,改进以辐射图象处理为基础的炉内三维燃烧温度分布检测方…     

切向燃烧炉内旋流数分布的试验研究

本文采用ＩＦＡ３００型三维热膜风速仪系统对一大型四角切向燃烧锅炉的旋流数进行了模型试验研究。测得了炉内不同位置处瞬时速度、脉动速度和湍动度分布,得到了表征炉内气流旋转强度的旋流数沿炉膛高度的分布规律,并以此提出了减少残余旋转的措施。同时发现炉内实际旋流数远远大于锅炉设计校核时所用的旋流数。本文的研究对锅炉的设计校核及防治残余旋转具有重要意义。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.