酞菁锌掺杂二氧化硅凝胶基质的光谱学特征

利用溶胶凝胶技术将四磺化酞菁锌 (ZnPcS4)成功地引入到了二氧化硅凝胶基质中 ,制备了均匀掺杂的有机 /无机复合干凝胶。研究ZnPcS4分子在溶胶凝胶过程中紫外可见吸收光谱的变化规律以探索其在复合体系中的存在状态。实验表明 ,在溶胶阶段 ,随着时间的延长 ,紫外可见吸收光谱中单体的吸收峰强度增大 ,说明凝胶中酞菁单体的浓度增大 ;而形成凝胶后 ,随着时间的延长 ,紫外可见吸收光谱中单体的吸收峰强度减小 ,二聚体的吸收峰强度增大 ,说明由于体系结构和微化学环境的变化 ,酞菁分子趋向于聚合。     

钽酸锂晶体组分的OH-红外吸收光谱测定方法

研究了钽酸锂晶体Li含量(组分)的OH-红外吸收谱测定方法.利用气相输运平衡的方法制备不同组分的钽酸锂晶体样品,使用三峰结构对钽酸锂晶体的OH-吸收谱进行拟合,考虑了晶体中H 的浓度对拟合参量的影响,并发现位于3 461 cm-1的分解峰L的半高宽不受晶体中H 浓度的影响,具有很好的稳定性,非常适宜用来进行钽酸锂晶体组分的确定,最后给出了该峰的半高宽(ΓL)对组分(CLi)的依赖关系.     

酞菁锌参杂二氧化硅凝胶基质的光谱学特征

利用溶胶-凝胶技术将四磺化酞菁锌（ZnPcS4）成功地引入到了二氧化硅凝胶基质中，制备了均匀掺杂的有机/无机复合干凝胶。研究ZnPcS4分子在溶胶-凝胶过程中紫外-可见吸收光谱的变化规律以探索其在复合体系中的存在状态。实验表明，在溶胶阶段，随着时间的延长，紫外-可见吸收光谱中单体的吸收峰强度增大，说明凝胶中酞菁单体的浓度增大；而形成凝胶后，随着时间的延长，紫外-可见吸收光谱中单体的吸收峰强度减小，二聚体的吸收峰强度增大，说明由于体系结构和微化学环境的变化，酞菁分子趋向于聚合。     

两亲性光敏剂Al(OH)PcSP在醇水和水溶液中的分子光谱和存在状态

研究了具有光动力抗癌活性的两亲性光敏剂磺基邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲基酞菁羟基铝 (Al(OH)PcSP)在醇水和在水中的电子吸收光谱 ,并探讨了其聚集状态。研究表明 ,Al(OH)PcSP在醇水溶液中以单体形式存在 ,醇的碳链和羟基数对Al(OH)PcSP的单体吸收光谱没有显著的影响。但在水中 ,Al(OH)PcSP存在单体 二聚体平衡 ,二聚平衡常数为 5 730 7× 10 4 mol·L-1。Al(OH)PcSP在水中所形成的二聚体的Q带特征吸收峰位于 740 5nm ,相对于其单体特征吸收峰 (6 76 5nm)红移 ,而一般金属酞菁在水中所形成的聚集体Q带特征吸收光谱均相对于单体兰移至位于 6 30nm附近。研究了Al(OH)PcSP的荧光光谱 ,结果说明 ,二聚体的荧光很弱。     

叶黄素聚集体吸收光谱的实验分析与理论模拟

分子聚集体表现出单分子所不具备的特有功能,利用吸收光谱对聚集体分子结构特性的研究是理解其电子和能量转移功能的基础。实验中利用紫外-可见分光光度计,检测了叶黄素在乙醇溶液中的单体吸收谱和在1∶1乙醇水溶液中的聚集体吸收谱。并通过对叶黄素单体吸收谱的高斯分解,获得了激发态的振动能级结构参数。理论上采用时间相关函数描述的吸收谱线和Frenkel激子模型,通过模拟单分子吸收光谱,获得了叶黄素分子的激发能、特征模振动频率、Huang-Phys因子等参数。再利用这些参数进行了聚集体分子光谱的模拟,分析了叶黄素聚集体的分子结构影响光谱变化的原因。结果表明,(1)分子间的相互作用是决定吸收光谱峰位移动的主要原因,实验中叶黄素H-聚集体的吸收光谱较单体蓝移了77nm,模拟显示相互作用在2 000cm-1附近;(2)聚集体分子个数越多,聚集协作效应越大,吸收光谱半高宽变小,同时吸收峰进一步蓝移;(3)环境的无序度对吸收光谱的半高宽也存在较大的影响,无序度越大,吸收光谱半高宽越大。实验结果为进一步研究聚集体在生物系统和材料系统中的功能提供了理论依据。     

LB薄膜中四新戊氧基酞菁锌和四壬基酞菁铜分子聚集体的吸收光谱的温度特性

本文制备了四新戊氧基酞菁锌(Tetra-neopentoxy phthalocyanine zine)(TNPPeZn)和四壬基酞菁铜(Tetra-nonyl phthalocyanine copper)(TNPeCu)两种酞菁衍生物的Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)薄膜.通过测量10～473K温度下的吸收光谱,研究了两种薄膜的分子聚集状态.TNPPeZn的LB薄膜中,存在着分子单体和分子二聚体,在吸收光谱中分别表现为680nm和620nm的吸收峰.随着温度的升高,分子单体逐渐转变为分子二聚体,这个过程是不可逆的.TNPeCu的LB薄膜中,除了分子单体和分子二聚体以外,还有吸收为740nm的分子J聚集体存在.随着温度的变化,J聚集体发生可逆变化.     

磺化金属萘酞菁聚集倾向的光谱研究

在磺化金属萘酞菁的荧光光谱和电子吸收光谱的Q谱带上观察到激基缔合物的荧光光谱峰和基态聚集物的吸收光谱峰。荧光光谱和吸收光谱实验说明 ,溶液中聚体分子和单体分子同时存在 ;聚体放出或吸收光子后都解离为单体 ;在荧光光谱中金属萘酞菁的激基缔合物荧光峰相对于单体荧光峰发生红移 ,在吸收光谱中金属萘酞菁基态聚集体的吸收峰相对于单体吸收峰发生蓝移 ,聚集体的荧光光谱和吸收光谱有镜像对称关系。磺化萘酞菁钴浓度较大时 ,其荧光光谱的猝灭较大。     

不同方法合成蓝宝石与天然蓝宝石的谱学对比研究

蓝宝石作为珍贵的彩色宝石深受人们喜爱,随着宝石合成技术的不断发展,市面上已有许多种合成方法制成的合成蓝宝石,常规的宝石学鉴定不能简单准确的区分天然蓝宝石与不同合成方法的合成蓝宝石。论文利用紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪对蓝宝石进行光谱分析,发现天然蓝宝石具有387 nm、452 nm、566 nm吸收峰,而提拉法、焰熔法和泡生法合成蓝宝石则无这些吸收峰;提拉法和焰熔法合成蓝宝石都具有600 nm附近的吸收带;泡生法合成蓝宝石存在660 nm附近的吸收峰,其他三种蓝宝石无此吸收峰。通过拉曼光谱特征峰拟合分析与SPSS单因素方差分析,发现天然蓝宝石和不同方法合成蓝宝石的半高宽值存在显著差异,天然蓝宝石的半高宽值大于10.0 cm^(-1),三种合成蓝宝石的半高宽值小于10.0 cm^(-1);泡生法合成蓝宝石半高宽集中在8 cm^(-1)附近,而焰熔法合成蓝宝石的半高宽普遍在8 cm^(-1)~10cm^(-1)范围内,提拉法合成蓝宝石半高宽则分布在6 cm^(-1)~8 cm^(-1)范围内。对比研究紫外-可见-近红外光谱与拉曼光谱的显著谱图特征差异,可简单、有效、无损的区分鉴定天然蓝宝石与不同合成方法合成的蓝宝石。     

掺镱硅酸盐激光玻璃的制备与光谱特性分析

采用高温熔融工艺制备了两块组分差别不大的掺镱(Yb3+)硅酸盐激光玻璃.测试出两块玻璃样品的吸收光谱和荧光光谱;计算了Yb3+掺杂玻璃的积分吸收截面、受激发射截面、荧光线宽、能级寿命、最小粒子数、饱和泵浦强度、最小泵浦强度等参数,比较发现样品的吸收截面图与倒易法计算所得的受激发射截面图线型相似,而与F-L法计算所得的受激发射截面图筹别较大,这与理论分析相吻合.两块玻璃样品的吸收光谱的线型基本一致,吸收主峰位于975 nm,次峰位于908 nm,这就说明影响激光玻璃吸收光谱线型的主要因素足玻璃基质的组成.两块玻璃样晶的荧光光谱差别比较大,样品1主峰位于993 nm,次峰位于1 029 nm;样品2主峰位于1 035 nm,次峰位于994nm,差别原因主要在于Yb3+离子的掺杂浓度不同.     

受激双层石墨烯量子点中的激子耦合动态变化

有机聚集体中分子间相互作用决定了聚集体的光物理性质,从而显著影响基于此类材料的光伏器件性能. 分子间激子耦合(或电偶极耦合)是一种常见且重要的分子间相互作用. 本文利用瞬态吸收光谱研究了石墨烯量子点二聚体(一种大稠环芳烃的π-π堆叠二聚体)中的激子耦合作用. 发现了瞬态吸收谱随泵浦-探测延时的演化起源于二聚体激发态中激子耦合强弱的动态变化. 通过拟合瞬态光谱,进一步证实了可利用最低能量的两个振动吸收峰的瞬态吸收动力学直接表征二聚体中激子耦合强度的动态变化.     

Effective electrodeposition of Co-Ni-Cu alloys nanoparticles in the presence of alkyl polyglucoside surfactant

The effect of alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactant on the electrodeposition Co-Ni-Cu alloys nanoparticles has been investigated. In a typical electrodeposition experiment, it was found that as prepared Co-Ni-Cu alloys nanoparticles characteristics, such as size homogeneity, density, dispersion on the electrode substrate and the chemicals composition, depended strongly on the concentration of APG used in the reaction as well as the applied deposition potential. For the case of chemicals composition, low APG concentration (below CMC) was found to be effective for the preparation of excellent composition of the nanoalloys. Meanwhile, for the case of size homogeneity, density, and dispersion on the surface, high APG concentration (above CMC) and high deposition potential were preferred. It was also found that, at concentration above the CMC, the APG surfactant showed a metals ions deposition inhibition characteristic that caused increasing in the electrodeposition overpotential of the entire metals ions, namely cobalt, nickel and copper. As the result the copper was found to place a high percentage in the nanoalloys deposits. Owing to its simple procedure in controlling the composition and the nanoalloys growth characteristic, present approach should find a potential application in preparing Co-Ni-Cu magnetic nanoparticles for used in currently existing applications.     

Premicellar and micelle formation behavior of aqueous anionic surfactants in the presence of triphenylmethane dyes: protonation of dye in ion pair micelles

The premicellar and micelle formation behaviors of four cationic triphenylmethane dyes, viz, Pararosaniline (RN), Crystal violet (CV), Ethyl violet (EV), and Malachite green (MG), in aqueous anionic surfactant solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDSN) have been studied by spectral and surface tension measurements. The study was carried out within a pH range where the dyes are stable in their quinoid forms. The dyes have been found to form dye–surfactant ion pairs (DSIPs) with the surfactants, at the surfactant concentrations well below their critical micelle concentration, CMC*. The DSIPs behave like nonionic surfactants and form an air–water interfacial monolayer. The DSIPs have a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC_IP), greater efficiency, and lower effectiveness than the corresponding pure surfactants. As the surfactant concentration is increased below the CMC*, the DSIPs start forming micelles of their own where the dye gets protonated and exists as a protonated dye–surfactant ion pair (PDSIP) in the ion pair micelles. As the concentration of the surfactant exceeds the CMC* of the pure surfactant, the protonation reverses gradually with the dye remaining in the micelles in solubilized form and the DSIPs in the air–water interfacial monolayer are replaced by pure surfactants. The distorted helical isomeric form (isomer B) of the dyes is favored in the PDSIPs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

稳态荧光探针法测定Tween系列非离子表面活性剂临界胶束浓度

以芘为荧光探针,测定了不同条件下的Tween系列表面活性剂增溶芘后的稳态荧光光谱,建立了Tween非离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)的测试方法,研究了影响非离子表面活性剂临界胶束浓度的因素。根据I338/I333与Tween浓度的变化关系,可得到Tween20、40、60、80的临界胶束浓度分别为5.1×10-5、3.7×10-5、3.1×10-5、8×10-6mol/L。结果表明,同系列的非离子表面活性剂的分子结构对其临界胶束浓度有一定影响。同时,制备温度和外部添加的试剂如无机盐、乙醇、丙三醇均影响其临界胶束浓度。     

Surfactant fluorescence in the study of aggregation and clouding

The intrinsic fluorescence of Triton X-114 and Igepal CO-630 was used to monitor the aggregation behavior of micellar solutions of these surfactants. The response to changes in surfactant concentration, increases in temperature up to and beyond the cloud point, and addition of an ionic surfactant (SDS) was monitored. The intrinsic fluorescence was used to measure aggregate anisotropy as a function of SDS concentration and temperature. Relative aggregate abundance showed a minimum at the CMC, confirming the existence of premicellar assemblies. Structural differences in the hydrophobic portions of the two nonionic surfactants led to vastly different packing in their aggregates. The addition of SDS produced smaller, more closely packed micelles.     

系数倍率双波长标准加入法同时测定铜和铁的研究

本文报道了一种同时测定铁和铜的新方法。在含有乳化剂ＯＰ的弱酸性介质中,显色剂１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚与铜,铁形成红色配合物,其最大吸收波长为５６０ｎｍ。本法选择５６０ｎｍ为测定波长,６００ｎｍ为参比波长,按系数倍率双波长标准加入法原理处理数据,实现了铜和铁的同时测定,并应用该法直接测定了铝合金中铜和铁的含量,结果满意。     

Small angle neutron scattering study of temperature-independent formulation of mixed micellar structures

SANS measurements have been performed on mixed systems of ionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether (C12E10). The total concentration of the mixed system was kept fixed (10 wt%) and the ionic to nonionic surfactant ratio varied in the range 0 to 1. The temperature effect on the structures of mixed micelles has been studied for temperatures between 30 and 75°C. Micelles of pure ionic and nonionic surfactants show opposite trends when the temperature is increased. Sizes of pure ionic micelles decrease and those of nonionic micelles increase with increase in temperature. We show a formulation balancing these two effects which is temperature-independent and consists of about 25% of ionic surfactants in the mixed system. Contrast variation SANS measurements by contrast matching one of the surfactant components to the solvent suggest homogeneous single mixed micelles of the two components in the mixed systems.      

系数倍率双波长标准加入法同时测定钨、钼、钛的研究

本文提出了一种分光光度同时测定钨、钼、钛的新方法。在酸性介质中有非离子表面活性剂吐温－８０存在下,以苯基荧光酮为显色剂,选择５０３,５３０和５６５ｎｍ为测定波长,按系数倍率双波长标准加入法测量及处理数据。直接应用于合金钢中钨、钼、钛的同时测定,结果满意     

Absorption microspectroscopy, theory and applications in the case of the photosynthetic compartment

We performed microspectroscopic evaluation of the pigment composition of the photosynthetic compartments of both algae and higher plants. The feasibility of microspectroscopy for discriminating among species and/or phylogenetic groups was tested on laboratory cultures. Gaussian bands decompositions, and a fitting algorithm, together with fourth-derivative transformation of absorbance spectra, provided a reliable discrimination among chlorophylls, phycobiliproteins and carotenoids. Comparative analysis of absorption spectra highlighted the evolutionary grouping of the algae into three main lineages in accordance with the most recent endosymbiotic theories.     

Preparation of surfactant-stabilized gold nanoparticle–peptide nucleic acid conjugates

A simple, two-step method of producing stable and functional peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-conjugated gold nanoparticles using a surfactant stabilization step is presented. PNA are DNA analogs with superior chemical stability and target discrimination, but their use in metallic nanoparticle systems has been limited by the difficulty of producing stable colloids of nanoparticle–PNA conjugates. In this work, the nonionic surfactant Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate) was used to sterically shield gold surfaces prior to the addition of thiolated PNA, producing conjugates which remain dispersed in solution and retain the ability to hybridize to complementary nucleic acid sequences. The conjugates were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV–visible absorbance spectroscopy. PNA attachment to gold nanoparticles was confirmed with an enzyme-linked immunoassay, while the ability of nanoparticle-bound PNA to hybridize to its complement was demonstrated using labeled DNA.     

Surface luminescence in ZnO nanoparticles

Spectral and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements were performed on ZnO nanoparticles of different sizes (17-300 nm). Under a low photon energy excitation of 2.33 eV, the time-integrated PL spectra (TIPL) clearly exhibit broad emission in the range of 1.2-2.3 eV. Upon increase of the particle size, a red-shift in the PL peak position was observed. Gaussian analysis indicates that this red-shift corresponds to the increased relative magnitude of the Gaussian combination in the low energy region. In addition, TRPL demonstrates a clear relationship between the particle diameters and the PL decay times. The shortening of the PL lifetime could be explained by a surface states model.