啁啾光纤光栅延迟线在光控相控阵雷达中的应用研究

介绍了啁啾光纤光栅延迟线在光控相控阵雷达中的两种应用系统及其工作原理，即基于单波长激光器和多个可调啁啾光纤光栅延迟线的系统以及基于多波长激光器和一个可调啁啾光纤光栅延迟线的系统。介绍了这两种系统的光控相控阵雷达扫描角要实现连续变化时，啁啾光纤光栅延迟线的调谐原理。分析结果表明，若啁啾光纤光栅的长度长而反射谱窄，则啁啾光纤光栅较小的调谐量就能使光控相控阵雷达天线实现较大的扫描范围。     

应用在相控阵雷达上的光学实时延迟线

相控阵天线是雷达技术的重要发展方向之一。电子相控阵雷达所遇到的问题是天线阵列孔径效应限制了雷达信号的瞬时带宽,使其不能满足通信和雷达技术的发展需要。光学实时延迟技术,可以解决这一问题。介绍了相控阵天线光实时延迟控制原理。并对几种典型的光实时延迟线的工作原理和技术特点作了简要的分析。     

应用于相控阵雷达的光子晶体慢光波导光实时延迟线

光子化研究是相控阵雷达的发展趋势,光子晶体以其优异的集成度及光学特性在相控阵雷达光子化研究中具有广泛的应用前景。基于光子晶体波导慢光特性及热光调制原理,设计了应用于相控阵雷达波束形成网路的光实时延迟线。通过优化光子晶体慢光波导参数,所设计光子晶体光实时延迟线可实现延时量为0~36.69ps的高精度调谐,得到23GHz以上的延时带宽。通过优化实时延迟线群速度随温度的色散特性,温度每变化1℃,延时量变化量在0.36~1.57ps/mm范围内。所提出的基于光子晶体波导的光实时延迟线,可实现延时量的高效、高精度调谐,相对于传统电域波束形成网络,具有集成度高、瞬时带宽大、调谐精度高等优点,为高频段宽带相控阵雷达波束形成网络的研发提供了理论基础。     

光纤延迟线噪音对相控阵波束指向的影响

基于相位噪音和相控阵理论,运用线阵天线原始方向图函数和光纤链路噪音系数公式,根据天线波束指向实际误差进行合理近似,推导了光延迟线链路噪音系数、天线阵元数与波束指向误差的理论公式.采用常规光纤链路参量进行了仿真研究,结果表明:相控阵天线波束指向误差均方差随光纤链路噪音系数增大而增加,随天线阵元数增加而减小,指向误差与光纤延迟线链路噪音系数的1/2次方成正比,与阵元数的3/2次方成反比.在相控阵天线工作频段内,低频波段受噪音系数影响更加明显.     

相控阵雷达的关键技术与物理学的波动知识

应用波的相干原理分析了相控阵雷达的工作原理.以波的形成、波的发射和回波的接收等三个环节为主线,简要地介绍了由固态技术、光电子技术、计算机技术和信号处理技术所形成的相控阵雷达关键技术的背景、现状,并展望了相控阵雷达关键技术的未来.     

简支梁调谐啁啾光纤光栅的实验研究

利用有机玻璃块和螺旋测微器组成的简支梁系统调谐线性啁啾光纤光栅,将中心波长为1548.6nm、3dB带宽为0.43nm、长为25mm的均匀Bragg光纤光栅按一定角度牢牢的固定在一块长为90mm,宽为10mm,高为5.2mm的有机玻璃块中,再用螺旋测微仪在有机玻璃的中心位置向下施加压力,使简支梁及其中的光纤光栅变形,成为可调谐的啁啾光纤光栅。实验结果表明啁啾光纤光栅反射谱宽与简支梁弯曲量成线性关系,当简支梁最大弯曲量为1.2mm时光纤光栅反射谱展宽了4.02nm,而反射中心波长基本不变,该实验装置可以用于光控相控阵雷达天线的实时延迟线和光纤色散补偿。     

基于OpenCL的数字相控阵雷达干扰模拟

针对现代战争复杂电磁环境以及数字相控阵雷达干扰信号生成数据量大、多波束等难点,利用图形处理器（GPU）带宽高,运算能力强的特点,使用OpenCL异构编程框架实现数据级并行策略,设计了基于OpenCL的五种典型数字干扰并行算法。算法根据GPU的读写机制进行优化设计,充分发掘了现有GPU的并行计算能力。实验结果表明：基于GPU的数据并行计算程序与中央处理器（CPU）平台相比较,加速比最大可达3.25,提高了相关雷达回波模拟设备的速度,基本满足数字相控阵雷达信号处理的实时性要求。     

一种用于光纤耦合式太赫兹时域光谱系统的高稳定光学延迟线设计

对于光纤耦合式太赫兹时域光谱系统,其工作稳定性主要受限于光学延迟线延迟扫描过程中的插损稳定性。为了解决这一问题,设计了一种新型的高稳定光学延迟扫描装置。将新型光学延迟线与传统光学延迟线进行光学仿真公差分析表明,当其内部的角锥反射镜和光纤准直器具有相同程度的倾斜和偏心条件时,新型光学延迟线所获得的耦合效率波动量远小于传统光学延迟线。通过太赫兹时域波形对比结果表明,使用其方案所设计的新型光学延迟线所获得的太赫兹时域信号峰值波动量仅有传统光学延迟线的1/4。为提升光纤耦合式太赫兹时域光谱系统的稳定性提供了一种可行性方案。     

光纤激光相控阵相干合成技术研究进展

主要介绍了近年来光纤激光相控阵相干合成技术的发展现状,总结了中国科学院光电技术研究所在这方面的最新研究成果,包括基于振幅调制的光纤激光相控阵相干合成能力优化、光纤激光相控阵实现收发一体相干合成、光纤激光相控阵的目标在回路相干合成、光纤激光相控阵在大气湍流下实现耦合接收光束的共相合束、基于多孔径波前探测的相干合成方法、基于自适应光纤准直器和微透镜阵列的光束大角度高精度连续寻址扫描等。以上研究工作将促进光纤激光相控阵技术朝向更多单元、更高功率、更远距离等方向演进,并推动其与激光大气传输、空间激光通信、自适应光学等理论和应用的结合与发展。     

MESAR舰载相控阵雷达温度场及红外辐出度研究

目标与环境红外辐射特性的研究是目标与环境特性研究领域中的重要课题。本文采用区域分解法和蒙特卡罗法计算了英国的MESAR(Multifunction Electronically Scanned Adaptive Radar)型多功能相控阵雷达各种工况下的雷达稳态及关机时的瞬态三维温度场和红外辐射出射度。研究结果为保证舰载相控阵雷达的各组件的温度环境的一致性和相控阵雷达的正常工作、在特定环境下使红外信号消减和减少舰载雷达甚至舰艇受到攻击的可能提供理论依据。     

Strained Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings Based all-fiber Variable Optical Delay Line for Optical Coherence Tomography

We present the novel all-fiber optical delay line that can be realized by exploiting the fundamental distributive reflection characteristics of a chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBG). With the assist of a strained CFBG and a designed fiber stretcher, the proposed delay line could perform the function (such as attainment of variable large enough optical delay without dispersion mismatch) of the conventional optical delay line within the optical fiber. While the strained CFBG produced 3.1 mm optical delay, the pair of CFBGs in the opposite direction can manage dispersion imbalance of the delay line. The use of the PZT-based fiber stretcher can enable depth scanning at a high repetition rate for real-time imaging. The performance of the delay element is demonstrated with measured experimental results. OCT system embedded with the all-fiber variable optical delay line showed the axial resolution of 100 μm and the dynamic range of 50 dB. The implemented system was used for the imaging of a biomedical sample, which proves the utility of the proposed delay element as a promising alternative of optical delay line.     

Novel Optical Delay Line for Optical Coherence Tomography System

A novel all-fiber optical delay line for an advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is proposed. Using the distributed reflectance characteristic of a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG), the optical delay can be obtained without leaving the fiber that forms the system. The proposed delay line consists of a pair of identical CFBGs. The gratings are cascaded in reverse order to cancel the inherent wavelength dependency of CFBGs. Tunable optical delay is obtained by applying small strain on one of the CFBGs through an attached piezo actuator. The small displacement induced by the piezo actuator is amplified by a factor of up to 100 due to the distributed reflectance characteristic of the CFBGs. This principle and characteristics of the proposed optical delay line are analyzed in detail.     

Fiber optic intensity sensor referenced with a virtual delay line

In this work a self-referencing fiber optic intensity sensor using virtual instrumentation is presented. To ensure higher flexibility and dynamic optimization, the use of an optical fiber delay line or an electrical delay line is avoided by implementing a delay line in the virtual domain, preserving the self-referencing and sensitivity characteristics of the proposed optical intensity sensing structure. Results are presented where displacement is measured with an 18 μm resolution demonstrating the concept feasibility.     

采用光纤光栅级联结构实现光纤延迟线

在使用光纤光栅实现皮秒级别时延的基础上,提出一种光纤光栅与单模光纤相结合的微秒级别级联结构,该结构可以实现中心波长1 550~1 553 nm范围内,间距为1 nm的窄波长反射型时延线,共1,1.5,2和2.5 μs四种不同的时延。将单波长反射的啁啾布拉格光纤光栅与103 m单模光纤连接构成延迟单元,再利用光环形器将4个延迟单元级联并使用内半径为3 cm的光纤绕线盘,将四种延时单元的传输光纤进行整合。借助光纤光栅的反射镜作用,控制不同波长光信号通过不同的传输距离,从而达到时延目的。本文通过对啁啾布拉格光纤光栅的反射谱进行仿真分析,发现相邻反射谱的旁瓣会出现交叠现象,因此使用六个切趾函数对旁瓣滤除。结果显示：不同切趾函数的滤除效果也不同,能够完全滤除旁瓣并且对反射谱包络影响最小的是柯西切趾函数,经柯西切趾后能使不同波长光信号在对应中心波长1 nm范围内反射率达到1,而其他位置均为0。由于使用光纤绕线盘整合延迟单元传输光纤会产生一定损耗,因此对弯曲损耗进行仿真分析,结果表明：弯曲半径相同时,损耗与工作波长成正比;工作波长相同时,弯曲损耗与弯曲半径成反比。当弯曲半径大于2.9 cm时,弯曲损耗曲线变化平缓并趋于0,因此当光纤绕线盘内半径为3 cm时保证了在减小延迟模块体积的同时又不会有过大的损耗。通过TDS784D型示波器对频率为2 000 Hz的信号经不同传输距离后的波形进行测试,结果显示经3 m和5 km传输线后信号的各项参数基本保持不变,经过长距离传输后,依然能保持原信号特性,因此使用103 m传输线可达到延迟目的。使用W-GGL型光功率计对不同频率下的输出功率进行测量,与直光纤的输出功率相比,当弯曲半径为2~3 cm时偏差较大,等于3 cm时偏差为0.18 dBm,大于3 cm时则无限趋近,因此设置绕线盘内半径为3 cm符合光纤延迟线的损耗范围。     

Continuous True-Time-Delay System Employing a Novel Tunable Chirped Fiber Grating Delay Line and a Sampled Grating Based Multiwavelength Fiber Laser

A photonics true-time-delay system for phased array antenna beam steering employing a novel tunable chirped fiber grating delay line and a multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser source based on a sampled grating filter is proposed. The tunable chirped fiber grating, which act as a continuous time-delay element, is achieved by bending a uniform fiber Bragg grating bonded at a slant onto the lateral surface of a simply supported beam. This technique allows the dynamic control of the chirp rate and spectral width of the grating without center wavelength shift. By adjusting the chirp rate of the fiber grating via bend strain, this kind of tunable chirped fiber grating could achieve very low and adjustable delay times, therefore provides higher angle resolution for scanning microwave beam, even the wavelengths of laser source are fixed and un-tunable. The true-time-delay system using proposed tunable chirped fiber grating delay element and sampled grating based laser source is constructed and demonstrated experimentally.     

马赫-曾德光纤干涉光谱测量系统的设计

光纤干涉光谱仪由于其体积小、分辨率高、抗电磁干扰和耐高温的特点,广泛应用于各种领域的物质检测中。设计了一种使用电动光纤延迟线实现光程差调制的基于Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉仪的光谱测量系统。介绍了系统的构成,推导了基于该系统的光谱计算公式以及分辨率计算公式。搭建了实验平台,对一宽谱光源进行测试,并采集其干涉信号,解调出了相应的光谱图。对结果进行分析,当最大光程差变为0.479 5 cm时,光谱分辨率为2.085 4 cm-1。电动光纤延迟线的性能在很大程度上决定了最终解调出的光谱的分辨率、精度,尤其是速度和延时时间的精度和线性度。     

基于受激布里渊散射的新型多级慢光延时结构的研究

设计了一种基于受激布里渊散射(SBS)的新型多级慢光延时结构.该多级延时结构将两段慢光延时介质用两个环形器相连接,使经过一级延时后剩余的抽运光经过环形器进入到第二段慢光延时介质中作为二级延时的抽运.该结构与传统的多级慢光延时结构相比,不需要为每段延时介质提供独立的抽运系统,结构简单,抽运光利用率高,延时效果显著.实验选...     

Temperature sensing using the spectral interference of polarization modes in a highly birefringent fiber

The spectral interference of polarization modes in a highly birefringent (HB) fiber to measure temperature is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A tandem configuration of a birefringent delay line and a sensing HB fiber is considered and the spectral interferograms are modelled for the known birefringence dispersion of the HB fiber under test. As the delay line, a birefringent quartz crystal of a suitable thickness is employed to resolve a channeled spectrum. The channeled spectra are recorded for different temperatures and the polarimetric sensitivity to temperature, determined in the spectral range from 500 to 850 nm, is decreasing with wavelength. It is demonstrated that the temperature sensing is possible using the wavelength interrogation, i.e., the position of a given interference maximum is temperature dependent. The temperature sensitivity of the HB fiber under test is −0.25 nm/K and the resolution is better than 0.5 K.     

Fiber-optic delay line using multicore fiber

A fiber-optic delay line based on a multicore optical fiber is fabricated for the first time. Due to the optical pulse sequential passage over all cores, the time delay of the optical signal of 45.0 μs is obtained at the optical fiber length of only 1300 m. The use of the seven-core optical fiber allows a sevenfold reduction in the used fiber length in comparison with single-core fibers, which is promising for developing lines with long signal delays.     

Pulse shortening and quality improvement based on spectral filtering in a stretched-pulse mode-locked fiber laser with large third-order dispersion

We demonstrate a passively mode-locked ring fiber laser operating in the stretched-pulse regime. The ring cavity model is constructed with standard single-mode fiber and dispersion delay line for dispersion management. Here, all-solid Yb-doped photonic bandgap fiber is used as the dispersion delay line and provides laser gain simultaneously. As the all-solid Yb-doped photonic bandgap fiber has large third-order dispersion, it is necessary to study its impact on the stretched-pulse operation. The presence of the third-order dispersion reduces pulse quality because of the relatively small group velocity dispersion. To improve the pulse quality, a spectral filter is employed in the model. The simulation results show that spectral filtering could improve the pulse quality and shorten the pulse duration. Meanwhile, the optimum filter bandwidth is studied.