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1.
Vocal quality factors: analysis, synthesis, and perception.   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
The purpose of this study was to examine several factors of vocal quality that might be affected by changes in vocal fold vibratory patterns. Four voice types were examined: modal, vocal fry, falsetto, and breathy. Three categories of analysis techniques were developed to extract source-related features from speech and electroglottographic (EGG) signals. Four factors were found to be important for characterizing the glottal excitations for the four voice types: the glottal pulse width, the glottal pulse skewness, the abruptness of glottal closure, and the turbulent noise component. The significance of these factors for voice synthesis was studied and a new voice source model that accounted for certain physiological aspects of vocal fold motion was developed and tested using speech synthesis. Perceptual listening tests were conducted to evaluate the auditory effects of the source model parameters upon synthesized speech. The effects of the spectral slope of the source excitation, the shape of the glottal excitation pulse, and the characteristics of the turbulent noise source were considered. Applications for these research results include synthesis of natural sounding speech, synthesis and modeling of vocal disorders, and the development of speaker independent (or adaptive) speech recognition systems.  相似文献   

2.
This study was undertaken to better understand current regional opinions regarding vocal fold nodules in adult singers. A questionnaire was sent to 298 persons representing the 3 professional groups most involved with the care of singers with vocal nodules: otolaryngologists, speech pathologists, and teachers of singing. The questionnaire queried respondents about their level of experience with this problem, and their beliefs about causative factors, career impact, and optimum treatment. Responses within and between groups were similar, with differences between groups primarily in the magnitude of positive or negative responses, rather than in the polarity of the responses. Prevailing opinions included: recognition of causative factors in both singing and speaking voice practices, optimism about responsiveness to appropriate treatment, enthusiasm for coordinated voice therapy and voice training as first-line treatment, and acceptance of microsurgical management as appropriate treatment if behavioral management fails.  相似文献   

3.
The voice conversion (VC) technique recently has emerged as a new branch of speech synthesis dealing with speaker identity. In this work, a linear prediction (LP) analysis is carried out on speech signals to obtain acoustical parameters related to speaker identity - the speech fundamental frequency, or pitch, voicing decision, signal energy, and vocal tract parameters. Once these parameters are established for two different speakers designated as source and target speakers, statistical mapping functions can then be applied to modify the established parameters. The mapping functions are derived from these parameters in such a way that the source parameters resemble those of the target. Finally, the modified parameters are used to produce the new speech signal. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a simple to use voice conversion software has been developed. This VC technique has shown satisfactory results. The synthesized speech signal virtually matching that of the target speaker.  相似文献   

4.
Customarily, speaking and singing have tended to be regarded as two completely separate sets of behaviors in clinical and educational settings. The treatment of speech and voice disorders has focused on the client's speaking ability, as this is perceived to be the main vocal behavior of concern. However, according to a broader voice-science perspective, given that the same vocal structure is used for speaking and singing, it may be possible to include singing in speech and voice therapy. In this article, a theoretical framework is proposed that indicates possible benefits from the inclusion of singing in such therapeutic settings. Based on a literature review, it is demonstrated theoretically why singing activities can potentially be exploited in the treatment of prepubertal children suffering from speech and voice disorders. Based on this theoretical framework, implications for further empirical research and practice are suggested.  相似文献   

5.
Videokymographic images of deviant or irregular vocal fold vibration, including diplophonia, the transition from falsetto to modal voice, irregular vibration onset and offset, and phonation following partial laryngectomy were compared with the synchronously recorded acoustic speech signals. A clear relation was shown between videokymographic image sequences and acoustic speech signals, and the effect of irregular or incomplete vocal fold vibration patterns was recognized in the amount of perceived breathiness and roughness and by the harmonics-to-noise ratio in the speech signal. Mechanisms causing roughness are the presence of mucus, phase differences between the left and right vocal fold, and short-term frequency and amplitude modulation. It can be concluded that the use of simultaneously recorded videokymographic image sequences and speech signals contributes to the understanding of the effect of irregular vocal fold vibration on voice quality.  相似文献   

6.
《Journal of voice》2020,34(4):647.e1-647.e5
PurposeSpeech-Language Pathologists can be categorized as Level II professional voice users who play the roles of voice therapist or vocal coach to treat voice problems. SLPs may be at the risk of experiencing vocal fatigue due to vocal loading and other contributing factors. The present study was undertaken to find the percentage of SLPs reporting vocal fatigue, the probable factors resulting in vocal fatigue, the measures that are taken to avoid/reduce the occurrence of vocal fatigue, its effect on their professional and personal life and the measures taken to tackle it.ResultsThe results of this study are based on data collected from 142 SLPs and 50 controls using a questionnaire. 71.13% SLPs reported that they experience vocal fatigue. Some of the contributing factors that are mainly reported are long durations of voice use, voice use for recreational purposes, speaking loudly, frequent throat clearing, lack of adequate hydration and working in noisy or air-conditioned environments. The major symptoms reported were dryness in throat, tightness in neck and shoulder, choking sensation, effortful speech and pain in the throat. 59% SLPs reported that vocal fatigue affected their professional life while 44% SLPs reported that it affects their personal life also to varying degrees. Measures taken to avoid/ reduce the occurrence of vocal fatigue included vocal warm up, break in between sessions, and play activities. Only a few SLPs took intervention measures like ENT consultation, voice therapy, and home remedies.ConclusionSLPs are inevitably at high risk of experiencing vocal fatigue which, if left untreated, will lead to organic voice problems. However, many young SLPs who experience vocal fatigue reported vocal abuse, do not follow vocal hygiene program and do not follow evidence-based preventive or intervention practices to treat vocal fatigue.  相似文献   

7.
《Journal of voice》2020,34(3):485.e33-485.e43
PurposeThe present study aimed at measuring the smoothed and non-smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS and CPP) in teachers who considered themselves to have normal voice but some of them had laryngeal pathology. The changes of CPP, CPPS, sound pressure level (SPL) and perceptual ratings with different voice tasks were investigated and the influence of vocal pathology on these measures was studied.MethodEighty-four Finnish female primary school teachers volunteered as participants. Laryngoscopically, 52.4% of these had laryngeal changes (39.3% mild, 13.1% disordered). Sound recordings were made for phonations of comfortable sustained vowel, comfortable speech, and speech produced at increased loudness level as used during teaching. CPP, CPPS and SPL values were extracted using Praat software for all three voice samples. Sound samples were also perceptually evaluated by five voice experts for overall voice quality (10 point scale from poor to excellent) and vocal firmness (10 point scale from breathy to pressed, with normal in the middle).ResultsThe CPP, CPPS and SPL values were significantly higher for vowels than for comfortable speech and for loud speech compared to comfortable speech (P < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between SPL and cepstral measures. The loud speech was perceived to be firmer and have a better voice quality than comfortable speech. No significant relationships of the laryngeal pathology status with cepstral values, perceptual ratings, or voice SPLs were found (P > 0.05).ConclusionNeither the acoustic measures (CPP, CPPS, and SPL) nor the perceptual evaluations could clearly distinguish teachers with laryngeal changes from laryngeally healthy teachers. Considering no vocal complaints of the subjects, the data could be considered representative of teachers with functionally healthy voice.  相似文献   

8.
A relatively new management strategy for the treatment of voice disorders is the use of laryngeal (LB) and velopharyngeal biofeedback (VB). The main purpose of the present pilot study is to document the outcome of vocal and velopharyngeal performances after a well-defined LB and VB treatment. Four subjects were studied pretreatment (1 week before LB or VB treatment) and posttreatment (1 week after the LB or VB treatment). To measure and compare the effect of LB and VB, objective and subjective assessment techniques were used. Perceptual voice assessment included a perceptual rating of the voice using the GRBAS scale. Furthermore, the vocal quality in this population is modeled by means of the Dysphonia Severity Index. For the objective assessment of nasal resonance, the Nasometer and the Glatzel test were used. A perceptual evaluation of speech, the Gutzmann test, and the tests from Bzoch were used as subjective assessment techniques. Both patients selected for LB and VB treatment showed improvement of their performances. The resulting improvement, as measured by means of an objective approach, is in agreement with the perceived (auditory) improvement of voice and resonance. The use of LB and VB treatment in patients, especially in some subjects who are not responding to traditional voice or velopharyngeal therapy, must be encouraged.  相似文献   

9.
This study documents the vocal characteristics of an actor before and after a series of eight performances involving extended voice use. The hypothesis was that this type of extended voice use would result in symptoms of vocal abuse and that damage to the actor's voice would be evident in measures made after the performance series. Three pre-performance and three post-performance speech samples were gathered and analyzed using the CSL and Visipitch II. Measurements taken included maximum phonational range; maximum sustained phonation; fundamental frequency during reading; maximum intensity levels; sound pressure levels for soft, moderate, and loud productions of sustained /a/; and perturbation including jitter, shimmer, harmonics-to-noise ratio, and an s/z ratio. Pre- and post-performance samples of the “Rainbow passage” and sustained vowel phonation were rated by a group of blinded listeners that included professional voice trainers and speech pathologists. In addition, sample lines from the performance were played for the listeners to judge whether this technique would result in symptoms of vocal abuse. Eleven out of 12 professional voice trainers rated that this technique would result in symptoms of vocal abuse. The data revealed post-performance improvement in phonational range, maximum intensity levels, perturbation measures, and s/z ratio. Measures of maximum sustained phonation, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure levels remained stable. Videoendoscopy revealed normal function of the larynx and vocal folds.  相似文献   

10.
SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate how different acoustic parameters, extracted both from speech pressure waveforms and glottal flows, can be used in measuring vocal loading in modern working environments and how these parameters reflect the possible changes in the vocal function during a working day. In addition, correlations between objective acoustic parameters and subjective voice symptoms were addressed. The subjects were 24 female and 8 male customer-service advisors, who mainly use telephone during their working hours. Speech samples were recorded from continuous speech four times during a working day and voice symptom questionnaires were completed simultaneously. Among the various objective parameters, only F0 resulted in a statistically significant increase for both genders. No correlations between the changes in objective and subjective parameters appeared. However, the results encourage researchers within the field of occupational voice use to apply versatile measurement techniques in studying occupational voice loading.  相似文献   

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