Influence of external objects scattering property on self-mixing signal inside fiber laser

The self-mixing sensor based on Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ co-doped Distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser (EYDBR) has been demonstrated for detecting the effect of external objects scattering property on self-mixing signal. Results show that self-mixing interference inside fiber laser with short cavity length especially EYDBR fiber laser can keep high SNR with different types of scattering surfaces even the white print paper. Meanwhile, we have obtained a high and stable SNR at least 29.9 dB in measurements at incident angles smaller than 20°. In this way, the sensing system we demonstrate is suitable for vibration and displacement measurements, particularly for high-precision industrial measurements.     

Lateral force sensor based on a core-offset tilted fiber Bragg grating

A novel lateral force sensor based on a core-offset tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The lateral force is determined by the differential reflected powers between the cladding mode and Bragg mode in the TFBG. The sensors respond monotonically with the lateral force increasing from 0 to 1.75 N. The sensitivity of such a core-offset TFBG sensor can be tailored by choosing different core-offset values. The simple differential power detection method makes the implementation of the sensor system cost-effective and free of the influence of environmental and system fluctuations.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

High frequency microwave signal generation using dual-wavelength emission of cascaded DFB fiber lasers with wavelength spacing tunability

A dual-wavelength fiber laser source based on two cascaded phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings is presented. The gratings are written in an erbium-doped fiber, each configuring the cavity of a distributed feedback fiber laser. The spacing between lasing modes is controlled dynamically by the use of piezoelectric actuators. A continuous tuning range of 5-724 pm of the wavelength difference, which is equivalent to a photodetected 0.72-92 GHz range, is obtained. Efficient generation from the L to the W microwave and millimeter bands has been achieved by heterodyne photodetection of the dual-wavelength optical signal.     

Radio-frequency interrogation of a fiber Bragg grating sensor in the configuration of a fiber laser with external cavities

A fiber laser sensor, which consists of two coupled cavities based on three fiber Bragg gratings (two of them acting as sensing elements) and is interrogated via the longitudinal mode beating frequency, is presented. The two resonant cavities have lengths of 4250 m and 4297 m, respectively. Their beating frequency is of the order of 24 kHz, and its shift as a function of the variation of the period of one (or both) of the sensing gratings, induced by strain or temperature changes, can be measured by a radio-frequency analyzer. The system is suitable for long-distance sensing with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity.     

Hybrid erbium-doped fiber laser-pressure sensor utilizing ring cavity

This paper presents a hybrid erbium-doped fiber laser-pressure sensor system (HEDFL-PS) in a ring cavity configuration. The fiber laser sensor utilized an intracavity Bragg grating as pressure transducer and reflector. The HEDFL-PS can be used as a single wavelength high power laser or a high pressure sensor. The HEDFL-PS was tested using a shock tube facility and was able to measure up to 10 bar of static pressure. The sensor system shows solid linear response with sensitivity of 0.125 nm/bar and is stable over 30 min with negligible variation in output power and wavelength.     

基于光纤光栅的螺纹管压弯扭测量技术

引入光纤光栅传感器,并结合螺纹管压弯扭分离测量理论,实现对螺纹管所受压力、弯矩和扭矩的测量.由测量结果可知,光纤光栅传感器测得压力与驱动电机上压力传感器测得压力基本相符,两者测得压力的差值为-11.4~15.5N;光纤光栅传感器测得弯矩与理论值基本一致,两者之间的差值为-0.54~0.46N·m;光纤光栅传感器测得扭矩与驱动电机上扭矩传感器测得扭矩基本相符,两者测得扭矩的差值为-0.54~0.87N·m.测量结果验证了光纤光栅传感器对螺纹管力学参数测量的可行性,为螺纹管的力学参数测量提供了一种新方法.     

光纤布拉格光栅激光器的传感应用

光纤激光器是一种光束质量好、信噪比高的光源。合理利用光纤激光器中布拉格光栅的传感特点能够制作出性能优良的高灵敏度传感器。光纤激光式传感器按结构基本可分为分布布拉格反射式光纤激光器以及分布反馈式光纤激光器两种。对这两类传感器进行介绍并对这些传感器的优缺点进行分析,最后展望其应用前景。     

Self-mixing interference in an all-fiberized configuration Er-Yb codoped distributed Bragg reflector laser for vibration measurement

Self-mixing sensing technique can be used for measuring distances, displacements, velocities and vibration. In this paper, for good sensitivity vibration measurement system, self-mixing vibrator using an all-fiberized configuration Er³⁺-Yb³⁺ Distributed Bragg Reflector (EYDBR) laser is proposed and investigated for the first time. Results obtained demonstrate that all-fiberized configuration EYDBR laser present a powerful tool for the advancement of self-mixing vibration sensor and provide a potential remote measurement of the vibration compared with the optical feedback in other traditional fiber lasers.     

Self-mixing effect in Yb3+ doped DBR fiber laser with different linewidth enhancement factor

We present a self-mixing interference model approach to stimulate the self-mixing interference in YDBR fiber laser with optical self-mixing interference operating in the weak feedback regime. The self-mixing interference model includes Yb³⁺ doped fibers pumped at 920 nm, with distributed Bragg reflector mirrors at both fiber ends and external reflector. Using the quasi-analytical YDBR fiber laser model and self-mixing three-mirror cavity model, the output power expression is deduced and the Peak-to-Peak values and asymmetry values of self-mixing waveform at different linewidth enhancement factor have been studied in detail.     

Temperature-independent bending sensor with tilted fiber Bragg grating interacting with multimode fiber

A new type fiber bending sensor based on a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) interacting with a multimode fiber (MMF) is presented. The sensing head is formed by insertion of a small section of MMF between a single-mode fiber (SMF) and the TFBG. The average reflective power in the cladding modes decreases with the increase of curvature. The measurement range of the curvature from 0 to 2.5 m⁻¹ with a measurement sensitivity of −802.4 nW/m⁻¹ is achieved. The proposed sensor is also proved as temperature-independent from the experimental investigation.     

光纤光栅传感器阵列有源时域地址查询技术

报道了一种基于环形腔光纤激光器和1×4模拟电子开关的具备实时监测功能的光纤光栅传感网络查询技术,利用级联的波分复用光栅串充当环形腔光纤激光器端镜,借助可调法布里珀罗滤波器对反射的信号光进行扫描,调整光路结构并增加抽运光强度使信号光得到足够的增益,则可获得各传感元工作波长的激光脉冲,且依时序输出。又引入1×4模拟电子开关,将转换为电信号的激光输出按时序分配至4个输出信道。结合非平衡扫描干涉解调技术,实现了对4光栅传感阵列的查询解调。1555 nm波长时系统传感灵敏度的实验值为1.630°/με,与理论值1.674°/με基本吻合。     

Lateral characteristics improvements of DBR laser diode with tapered Bragg grating

Broad area semiconductor laser (BAL) has poor lateral beam quality due to lateral mode competition, which limits its application as a high-power optical source. In this work, the distributed Bragg reflector laser diode with tapered grating (TDBR-LD) is studied. By changing the lateral width, the tapered grating increases the loss of high-order lateral modes, thus improving the lateral characteristics of the laser diode. The measuring results show that the TDBR-LD can achieve a single-lobe output under 0.9 A. In contrast to the straight distributed Bragg reflector laser diode (SDBR-LD), the lateral far field divergence of TDBR-LD is measured to be 5.23° at 1 A, representing a 17% decline. The linewidth of TDBR-LD is 0.4 nm at 0.2 A, which is reduced by nearly 43% in comparison with that of SDBR-LD. Meanwhile, both of the devices have a maximum output power value of approximate 470 mW.     

高双折射光纤环镜应变传感研究

研究了高双折射光纤环镜的应变传感原理,推导了谐振波长与轴向应变的关系式,并进行了实验研究.该传感器具有很高的灵敏度：谐振波长漂移为0.031 8 nm/με,约是裸光纤光栅的32倍.谐振波长和轴向应变之间的线性拟合度为0.999 4.该传感器具有灵敏度高、结构紧凑、使用方便等优点.     

镀镍光纤Bragg光栅温度传感特性实验研究

在光纤智能金属结构材料中,为了保护光纤Bragg光栅并使得传感器与基体金属有很好的结合性,在光纤Bragg光栅表面化学镀镍,并实验研究了化学镀镍前后的光纤Bragg光栅的温度传感特性.实验表明：镀镍后的光纤光栅的Bragg波长随温度变化呈现出良好的线性和重复性,Bragg光栅温度灵敏度变大.     

Erbium-doped fiber ring laser sensor for high temperature measurements based on a regenerated fiber Bragg grating

This article presents an erbium-doped fiber ring laser for high temperature measurement with high accuracy. The proposed laser sensor employs a regenerated fiber Bragg grating (RFBG) as a sensor element. Through thermal treatments, the RFBG with enhanced thermal resistance was obtained. The laser emission optical spectrum presents good performance with a high optical signal-to-noise ratio of 58dB. Experimental results demonstrate a wavelength sensitivity to the temperature is 15.5 pm/ºC with the temperature range from 300ºC to 900ºC, and the correlation coefficient is 0.999. The results prove it is able to provide potential applications in high temperature measurement.     

Dynamic strain monitoring by wavelength locking between two fiber Bragg gratings fiber sensing system

We demonstrated a fiber sensing system using the method of wavelength locking of two identical fibers Bragg gratings (FBG) to interrogate the wavelength shift by directly measuring the intensity of the reflection from the sensing Bragg grating. The light source of the fiber sensing system is an EDFA fiber ring laser pumped by a 980 nm laser diode and a narrow bandwidth fiber Bragg grating for the filter of the ring laser resonator. The wavelength shift is converted to the intensity deviation of the reflection from the sensing FBG under strain variation, and is able to achieve real-time sensing of the dynamic strain sensing in civil engineering. The characteristics and key factors to maintain stability of the dynamic strain sensing system are discussed.     

基于FBG的液压系统中流量/压力/温度同时测量技术

针对传统液压系统检测中存在的传感器功能单一、体积较大、测量精度不高等问题,提出一种光纤光栅复合传感器.该传感器以一体化的靶片式流量传感结构为基础,融合光纤光栅压力和温度传感器,可以实现对液压系统流量、压力和温度的同时测量.在对各参数传感模型理论分析的基础上,对传感器的结构进行设计,并制作了传感器实物.利用液压综合试验系统等设备对传感器进行了性能测试和参数标定,得到其流量灵敏度为0.049L/s,压力灵敏度为28.4pm/Mpa,温度灵敏度为14.9pm/℃,验证了传感器设计的合理性.同时,传感器的温度测量功能可在流量和压力测量中作为参考,克服温度的交叉敏感效应,提高传感器的环境适应能力.     

Design of fiber Bragg grating-based Fabry–Perot sensor for simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature

A new sensor for simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature is proposed. The sensor consists of Fabry–Perot cavity formed by two identical uniform fiber Bragg gratings. To make the cavity serves as humidity sensor, moisture sensitive polymer, which is polyimide, is coated on the FBG and on the cavity with different thickness. When the sensor is exposed to the relative humidity change, the polyimide will expand and stretch the fiber and induces strain on the FBG and on the cavity. The induced strain alters the grating period, cavity length and effective refractive index of fiber. The simulation results show that the humidity sensitivity and thermal sensitivity are 1.92 pm/%RH and 8.87 pm/°C, respectively, for polyimide coating thickness of 10 μm on the FBG and 15 μm on the cavity.