颗粒物质中圆棒受到的静摩擦力

通过实验研究了圆棒在颗粒物质中受到的摩擦力与颗粒填充高度及棒径的关系.观测到摩擦力随颗粒高度和棒径而增大.用连续介质模型推导了摩擦力公式，与实验观测基本一致.结果表明，摩擦力和棒径成正比；当颗粒高度很小时，摩擦力与颗粒高度平方成正比；而当颗粒堆积很高时，摩擦力与高度成正比，即静摩擦力与接触面积成正比. 关键词： 颗粒物质 摩擦力     

电光调制器

电光调制器许多电光调制器取决于两个非纷院光学效应中的一个：即泡克耳效应和克尔效应。在这两种现象中，光学材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度成比例。如果材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度成正比，则称它为泡克耳效应；如果材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度的平方成比例，...     

不同条件下阻尼片对音叉受迫振动的影响

本文实验上研究了不同阻尼片的面积、形状、固定角度和相对位置对音叉受迫振动体系的影响,研究表明在相同形状下、不同面积的阻尼片,周期的平方与阻尼片的面积成正比;相同面积、不同形状的阻尼片对应的共振频率和灵敏度都不同,长方形的灵敏度更大,三角形的灵敏度较小;相同形状、相同面积的阻尼片,音叉受迫振动的共振频率与阻尼片固定位置和固定角度都有关系.本研究对音叉传感器的设计有一定的指导意义.     

混合物冲击压缩后平衡态的研究

 将混合物组元颗粒在三维网格内按组元比例随机分布,采用热动力学有限元数值方法,对其冲击压缩过程进行数值模拟。研究了混合物在冲击压缩下趋于热动力平衡过程、热平衡特征时间、压力平衡特征时间和平衡后的热力学状态,得出热平衡特征时间与颗粒度的平方近似成正比,而力平衡特征时间与颗粒度近似成正比。数值模拟了多种合金的冲击压缩特性,其结果与混合物物态方程的体积相加模型、一次冲击绝热线的叠加原理和实验等不同方法获得的结果作了比较,除冲击温度外,各方法得到的结果一致;体积相加模型和叠加原理不能给出合理的混合物冲击温度,但数值模拟能给出合理的混合物冲击温度。     

悬浮颗粒计数信号等效体积的分形测度

提出悬浮颗粒质量子集的概念,并将其推广为与计数测量信号幅度档对应的等效质量子集概念.根据统计学原理,进一步建立了悬浮颗粒质量子集颗粒平均体积的分形测度模型.基于悬浮颗粒群不同质量子集的几何形貌结构分布具有统计自相似性的特征,推导出计数法颗粒质量测量中与信号幅度档对应的颗粒等效质量计算公式,建立起计数法悬浮颗粒质量测量的基础理论模型. 关键词： 分形测度 形貌参数 质量测量 质量子集     

电流变液泊肃叶流动的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟方法研究了电流变液泊肃叶流动中颗粒的运动方式,模拟出的速度剖面分为两个区域,靠近电极区域的颗粒表现为呼吸式的跃迁运动形式,称为跃迁区,而在两个电极中间区域则为平稳运动方式,称为柱塞区.此外模拟出了体积流率与相对压力梯度之间的关系.并分析了临界压力梯度和临界电场强度及阻断流动的影响因素 关键词：     

关于矽钢片涡流问题的讨论

通过定量分析,表明矽钢片的涡流其单体体积的涡损都和其厚度的平方成正比。     

金属纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体共振与面形状关系研究

采用三维时域有限差分法,数值研究了等高、等体积下不同形状金属纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体的共振性质及其规律,得到了面形状因子对共振波长的影响关系。研究表明,沿偏振方向的形状变化对共振波长偏移有重要贡献,在空气中,确定金属纳米结构局域表面等离子体共振波长的形状参数L可采用偏振方向上的纵横比和面形状因子描述,L可以拟合为纵横比和面形状因子乘积的线性函数。得到了等高、等体积下不同形状金属纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体共振的电场能量和共振波长的关系,面形状因子越小,形状越尖锐,电场能量越高,共振波长红移。研究结果为进一步了解金属纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体共振性质提供有益的参考。     

电流变液──液态物理研究的新热点

电流变液(electrorheological fluid)简称ER液体,其主要特性是在电场作用下可发生液体一固体转变.由于这种独特的性质和重要的应用背景,近年来它受到很大的关注.早在30年代,人们就在实验中发现,当某些细小的颗粒悬浮在低粘滞性油中时,在外电场作用下,这些颗粒会沿电场方向形成纤维状.1949年,W.M.Winslow较系统地报道了其研究结果,并指出了应用前景[1].后来又有一些有关这方面的报道.可是,由于早期的实验使用的样品多为含水的悬浮颗粒,在温度较高时(～70°C),水分即被挥发了,因此没有实际的应用价值,从而使对ER液体的研究在相当长的时期…     

用光学方法研究玻璃微珠电流变液颗粒间的相互作用

运用一套适合研究颗粒间相互作用的双光镊系统,通过对粒聚集时间的测量,得出颗粒聚集时间和电场的平方成反比。这是第一次用电流变液颗粒在动态情况下直接验证电偶极子对间的相互作用。发展了一套使用高速CCD摄像机进行扩散波谱（DWS）测量的方法,首次实时测量具有颗粒结构的非各态历经体系的自相关函数,以研究电流变液机理,得到了玻璃微珠电流变液的结构响应时间和力和响应时间;测量了不同电场下体系相关函数的特征衰减时间随时间的变化。在不同电场下测量扩散系数可以反映出相互作用力与电场的平方成正比。     

Adaptive optical properties of ER fluid incorporating composite particles

Electrorheological (ER) fluid is one of the popular materials used in smart materials and structures. The material properties of ER fluid can be changed markedly while an external electric field is imposed on ER fluid domain. In this paper, the optical properties of ER suspensions consisting of composite particles dispersed in silicone oil are investigated. Both dc and ac electric fields are utilized to be imposed on ER fluid. The transmissivity of light through ER fluid under various electric fields is detected and analyzed. It is shown that the transmissivity of light increases with the increasing electric field strength and time. The change of transmissivity is caused by the formation of particle chains. The higher the particle concentration, the faster the change occurs. When an ac electric field is applied, the transmissivity can be affected by the frequency of electric field.     

Laterally coupled circular quantum dots under applied electric field

The optical response of a system of two laterally coupled quantum dots with circular cross-sectional shape is investigated within the effective mass approximation, taking into account the effects of the change in the geometrical configuration, the application of an external static electric field, and the presence of a donor impurity center. The first-order dielectric susceptibility is calculated in order to derive the corresponding light absorption and relative refractive index coefficients. The possibility of tuning these optical properties by means of changes in the quantum dot symmetry and the electric field intensity is particularly discussed.     

电场作用下C60富勒烯分子的几何构形与电子结构

采用分子动力学与半经验量子力学相结合的方法,对不同强度电场作用下C60富勒烯分子的体积、形变、电荷分布、偶极矩、系统能量、分子轨道能级等进行了计算,分析了外加电场对C60富勒烯分子几何构形、电子结构的影响.研究结果表明:①在电场作用下,C60富勒烯发生极化,分子沿电场方向伸长,沿垂直电场的方向缩短,体积膨胀.当电场强度增至0.102 a.u.时,C60分子构形破坏.②随着外加电场强度的增加,C60分子的偶极矩增大,系统能量、LUMO,HOMO能级减小,但LUMD,HOMO之间的能隙却先是减小,然后增大.     

A study on single fuel droplets combustion in vertical direct current electric fields

Both the electric force working on flames and the natural buoyancy are body forces, so there is a possibility to control the natural buoyancy by applying than electric field. It is important to discuss the body force in the flame because it induces the convective flow around flames. In this circumstance, combustion behavior of single droplets in vertical direct current electric fields was investigated. Ethanol, n-octane, and toluene were used as fuels, and the flame shape and the burning rate constants were measured. The distance between electrodes is 50 mm, and the applied voltage ranged between −4 and 6 kV as the bottom electrode is ground. When the direction of the electric field is opposite to the natural buoyancy direction, the applied voltage exists that make the flame symmetrical in the vertical direction, and the burning rate constants have local minima for ethanol and n-octane at the voltage. However, the minimum burning rate constants are larger than those under microgravity. This means that the electric force roughly balances with natural buoyancy, but it does not completely balance with the same. When the direction of the electric field is in the same direction as the natural buoyancy, there exist some experimental results, which cannot be explained by the assumption that electric field induces the body force only through the positive ions. This suggests that the additional body force is induced by the negative ions. The effects of negative charged soot particles on the combustion behavior are also discussed for the sooty flame of toluene.     

Electrorheology: Statics and dynamics

The interaction between nanoparticles and an electric field is explored from the electrorheological (ER) point of view, using variational formulations for both the static and dynamic characteristics. In the first part the static characteristics of the ER fluid, consisting of a dispersion of solid particles in a liquid, is detailed by using the spectral representation approach for the effective dielectric constant. Predictions concerning the ground state structure, yield stress, upper bounds on the ER effect are presented together with comparisons to experimental results. The giant ER effect, involving a different paradigm of permanent electric dipoles, is described phenomenologically. In the second part the ER fluid dynamics is formulated via the variational principle of Onsager. Predictions of the model are compared with experiments. It is shown that the phenomenon of the diminishing ER effect at high shear rates may be mitigated by the planar interdigital electrode configuration.     

External electric field and hydrostatic pressure effects on the binding energy and self-polarization of an off-center hydrogenic impurity confined in a GaAs/AlGaAs square quantum well wire

Based on the effective-mass approximation within a variational scheme, binding energy and self-polarization of hydrogenic impurity confined in a finite confining potential square quantum well wire, under the action of external electric field and hydrostatic pressure, are investigated. The binding energy and self-polarization are computed as functions of the well width, impurity position, electric field, and hydrostatic pressure. Our results show that the external electric field and hydrostatic pressure as well as the well width and impurity position have a great influence on the binding energy and self-polarization.     

LED诱导延迟荧光技术评价脉冲电场对玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响

脉冲电场(pulsed electric field,PEF)对作物抗旱性的影响是电场生物学效应研究的重要课题,作物叶片延迟荧光动力学参数可以从不同角度灵敏地反映叶片细胞光合系统发生的变化。为了从活体细胞角度揭示脉冲电场对作物幼苗抗旱性的影响及其机理,使用频率为1 Hz、场强为200 kV·m-1、脉宽为80 ms的PEF处理萌发玉米种子,再采用渗透势为-0.1 MPa的PEG-6000溶液形成干旱胁迫,研究了玉米幼苗生长过程中叶片干质量和LED诱导的叶片延迟荧光动力学参数的变化。结果发现,在-0.1 MPa的PEG-6000溶液形成的干旱胁迫下,玉米幼苗叶片干质量逐渐增加,经过PEF处理的玉米幼苗叶片干质量大于对照,相对增长率在5.8%～18.7%之间(p＜0.05)。叶片延迟荧光动力学分析显示,干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片延迟荧光动力学参数初始光子数I₀、相干时间τ、衰减参数β和延迟荧光积分强度I(T)都发生了波动性的变化,这些变化是叶片细胞对干旱胁迫的适应性反应,PEF处理使玉米幼苗叶片延迟荧光各动力学参数和延迟荧光积分强度均明显大于对照组,表明PEF处理使玉米幼苗叶片细胞的光合潜力、组织序性和功能分子之间的相互作用都有所加强,叶片综合光合能力提高了。研究结果为阐明PEF对作物幼苗抗旱性的影响及其机理提供参考。     

聚烷基芴电场调制光谱研究

有机发光材料和器件中相关物理机制是一个人们普遍关心的问题, 特别是电场作用下的有机半导体激发态的行为格外引起人们的关注。电场调制发光光谱是研究在电场中元激发的产生和发展的非常有效的方法。文章利用电场调制光致发光(PL)方法研究了聚烷基芴的PL电场猝灭效应,得到聚烷基芴激子离化随电场强度变化的规律和载流子平均跳跃距离。研究还显示PL猝灭因子随激发波长的变化,短波长激发光时猝灭因子大。     

粗化过程中颗粒界面形状演化的三维多相场法研究

利用多相场模型对液-固两相体系中固相颗粒的粗化过程进行了三维模拟,对粗化过程中的界面形状分布进行了统计分析,研究了不同固相体积分数下颗粒连接状态对界面形状演化及粗化速率的影响.模拟结果表明:当颗粒间存在大量连接时,粗化速率随固相分数的变化速率比颗粒无连接时变缓,且随着粗化进行,高曲率的双曲形界面所占比例不断降低,低曲率的椭球形界面所占比例逐渐增多;无论固相颗粒间是否发生连接,界面形状演化经历一定阶段后,三维界面形状分布均呈现自相似性,但随着固相体积分数的增加,界面形状分布呈现自相似性所需的时间延长.