Aun（n=2—9）团簇的几何结构和电子特性

采用密度泛函DFT中的 B3LYP 方法，选择LANL2DZ基组，对Aun（n＝2—9）小团簇的各种可能结构进行优化，得到了它们的基态平衡结构并计算出其原子化能.研究表明：随着团簇尺寸的增大，单个原子的平均原子化能逐渐增大.同时分析了团簇的能级分布、最高占据轨道与最低空轨道之间形成的能级间隙.计算出了电子亲和能和电离势，计算值与实验值非常接近.最后分析了费米能级、电子亲和能和电离势形成“奇－偶”振荡效应的原因. 关键词： Au团簇 平衡几何结构 能隙 电子性质     

Agn(n=2～10)团簇的几何结构和电子特性

应用密度泛函理论中B3LYP/LANL2DZ 方法优化计算并分析了Agn(n=2～10)团簇的基态几何结构及电子性质.同时计算和讨论了银团簇的原子化能、能级分布、能级间隙、电子亲和能和电离势,所得理论计算值与实验值符合较好.研究结果表明:银小团簇的结构不同于块体,且随团簇尺寸大小而相应变化,原子化能和电子亲和势随原子尺寸的增加而增加,团簇的费米能级、电子亲和势和电离势随团簇大小变化具有明显的奇偶振荡特性,并对此作了分析.团簇的电子性质和几何结构之间的密切关系及其随团簇尺寸大小变化的规律,可以从理论上确定团簇的最稳定结构,并可对实验观测结果做出解释.     

AunXm(n+m=4,X=Cu,Al,Y)混合小团簇的结构和稳定性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,优化了AunXm(n+m=4,X=Cu,Al,Y)二元混合团簇的稳定结构.计算了稳定结构的平均结合能、电离势、电子亲和势、最高占据轨道能级和最低空轨道能级及二者间的能隙.结合Mulliken集居数分析研究了二元混合团簇稳定存在的规律,得出掺杂可以增强团簇稳定性的结论.     

AunXm(n+m=4,X=Cu，Al，Y)混合小团簇的结构和稳定性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法，优化了Au_nX_m(n+m=4,X=Cu，A l，Y)二元混合团簇的稳定结构.计算了稳定结构的平均结合能、电离势、电子亲和势、最高占据轨道能级和最低空轨道能级及二者间的能隙.结合Mulliken集居数分析研究了二元混合团簇稳定存在的规律，得出掺杂可以增强团簇稳定性的结论. 关键词： 混合团簇 结合能 能隙 分子轨道集居数     

M2Al2(M=Au,Ag,Cu)混合小团簇的密度泛函研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,利用小核实赝势LANL2DZ,优化了含重金属二元混合团簇M2Al2(M=Au,Ag,Cu)的稳定结构,并得出具有C2v(1A1)对称性的蝴蝶结构比平面构型更加稳定,其中团簇Au2Al2最稳定.计算了稳定结构的结合能、电离势、电子亲和能、最高占据轨道能级和最低空轨道能级及二者间的能隙,得出参杂团簇M2Al2比非参杂团簇M4(M=Au,Ag,Cu)更稳定的结论.     

密度泛函理论研究Scn,Yn和Lan(n=2—10)团簇的稳定性、电子性质和磁性

通过采用密度泛函理论对Sc2,Y2和La2基本性质的计算,选择在较优理论水平下系统地研究了Scn,Yn和Lan(n=2-10)团簇的几何结构、稳定性、电子性质和磁性及其随团簇尺寸的变化趋势.此同族三种团簇的稳定性由原子密堆集几何结构效应决定,幻数均表现出一致的结果.Lan团簇的能隙比Scn和Yn团簇的能隙大,计算获得了团簇的电离势和电子亲和势数据,Yn团簇的电离势与实验值相符,最小极化率规律可很好地表征团簇的稳定性.三种团簇均具有较大的磁矩,磁矩与团簇的自旋多重度、几何和电子结构密切相关,理论值与实验值符合较好,随着团簇尺寸的增加三种团簇的平均磁矩总体上都呈递减的趋势并有局部振荡的特征.     

强场对Au4团簇性质的影响

采用与时间相关的局域密度泛函 (TDLDA/B3LYP)方法研究Au4团簇的几何构型、分子轨道能级分布和激发能在强激光场中的变化.计算结果表明:电场不能改变Au4团簇的几何构型,随着电场的增加,电离势和电子亲和势增加,而费米能级和能隙减小.通过比较不同电场强度下激发能,指出要产生超短波脉冲或实现X射线软化,强激光场中的团簇的高次谐波是一种可能的途径.     

钇小团簇的结构和电离势的计算

采用密度泛函DFT中的B3LYP方法，选择LANL2DZ双ζ基组，优化并得到了Y_n=(n=2—8)小团簇的基态平衡结构，同时计算出其电离势.结果表明，钇原子之间形成团簇最稳定的结构是倾向于平均配位数最大，其电离势没有“奇-偶”振荡或“幻数”效应，表明Y_n团簇光致电离开始主要发生在Y原子局域化的4d轨道上的电子而不是在5s上.对Tomasz提出的钇团簇电离势的解析式进行合理地修正，修正后电离势解析式的计算值与实验值更接近. 关键词： Y团簇 密度泛函 平衡几何结构 电离势     

密度泛函理论研究MgnOn(n=2—8)团簇的结构和电子性质

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似对MgnOn(n=2-8)团簇的几何构型进行优化,并对能量、频率和电子性质进行了计算.结果表明,当n=2,3时,团簇的最低能量结构是平面结构;当n≥4时.团簇的最低能量结构可以看成是由Mg2O2和Mg3O3单元组成的三维结构.O-Mg-O的钝角和较多的电荷转移对团簇的稳定性起着重要的作用.随着团簇尺寸的增大,转移的电荷逐渐增加,转移的电荷量有达到块体中电荷值的趋势.团簇的垂直电离势、亲和势和最高已占据轨道与最低未占据轨道的能隙表明,Mg3O3和Mg6O6是稳定的团簇.     

Al_nW_m(n+m=3)混合小团簇的结构和稳定性的密度泛函研究

在相对论原子核势近似下,采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,对AlnWm(n m=3 )结构进行优化,得出稳定的平衡结构,计算了稳定结构的电离势,电子亲和能,最高占据 轨道(HUMO)和最低空轨道(LUMO)及二者之间的能隙.得出混合团簇较单一成分团簇稳定的结论.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.