非设计工况下1＋1／2对转涡轮性能研究

为了研究和改善1 1/2对转涡轮性能,本文对1 1/2对转涡轮两种转速下不同落压比共16种工况进行了数值研究,并与实验结果进行了对照.结果表明近设计工况下计算结果和实验值吻合较好.1 1/2对转涡轮出口背压对高压转子性能影响较小,对低压转子性能影响较大,这导致变工况下1 1/2对转涡轮高低压轴出功比变化较大.通过对某典型非设计工况和设计工况下的流场结构的分析发现非设计工况下1 1/2对转涡轮高压动叶中发生了明显的流动分离.高低压动叶不能很好地匹配,需要采取合理的流动控制措施去改善已有1 1/2对转涡轮的变工况性能.     

考虑冷却的1+1/2对转涡轮初步设计

1+1/2对转涡轮技术是高性能航空发动机需要的关键技术之一。本文以某高性能涡轮为目标进行了考虑冷却的涡轮初步设汁,力图通过设计过程抓住对转涡轮设计与应用中的关键问题。研究结果表明在 1+1/2对转涡轮设计中,考虑冷却方案与不考虑冷却方案相差较大,其中高压涡轮动叶是此类对转涡轮设计中的主要关键点。     

某1+1对转涡轮的气动设计及其流动特性的初步分析

本文对某1+1对转涡轮的气动设计进行了研究,并利用三维计算程序对其流场进行了定常和非定常的数值模拟。研究结果表明,对转涡轮中低压导叶安装角的选取要大于常规涡轮。在低压静子中,1+1对转涡轮与常规涡轮有着不同的尾迹输运方式:高压转子的尾迹被低压导叶切断之后进入通道中,且具有从吸力面前移压力面的趋势。数值结果还表明,非定常下的低压级性能与定常下有显著的不同。     

动叶顶部间隙对1+1/2对转涡轮性能的影响

本文对1+1／2对转涡轮中动叶顶部间隙大小对涡轮性能的影响进行了详细的数值模拟。对涡轮总体性能参数、节距平均出口气流角、出口节距平均相对马赫数以及不同叶高的负荷进行了对照,发现间隙对1+1／2对转涡轮性能影响明显,尤其是当间隙较大时。当低压动叶间隙宽度达到高压动叶前缘叶高的4．5％时,低压动叶间隙中流动普遍超音,在设计1+1／2对转涡轮时需要加以重点考虑。     

1+1/2对转涡轮中激波结构的数值研究

本文对1 1／2对转涡轮中激波及激波／叶排干扰等进行了详细的数值模拟。分析发现,1 1／2对转涡轮高压动叶流道中压缩波系与常规涡轮流道中的压缩波系存在明显的不同。1 1／2对转涡轮高压动叶吸力面60％轴向弦长处产生了一组压缩波,它与内伸波相交。在常规涡轮中,这组压缩波将不会出现;内伸波在吸力面的反射波很强,不能忽略。在常规涡轮中,内伸波的反射波可以忽略。由于尾迹及低压动叶的作用,高压动叶外伸波的影响范围和强度呈现周期性的变化。     

某小型涡扇发动机高压涡轮气动设计

小涡扇发动机总体要求以及高压涡轮工作特点,决定了小涡扇发动机高压涡轮气动设计上具有低展弦比、二次流损失及叶尖间隙泄漏损失大的特点。根据总体性能结构要求,设计了膨胀比为3.4的单级高压涡轮,三维黏性数值计算表明涡轮性能达到要求,具有较高效率,并重点描述了导向器内部流动现象.为了更好地评估实际工作环境下高压涡轮流动特点,对转静子冷却封严二股气流进行了数值模拟研究,详细分析其对转子二次流动及叶型攻角的影响。     

E3对转涡轮设计特点分析(Ⅰ)--高压涡轮基元级方案分析

P&W在E3计划中进行的对转涡轮设计,是迄今为止公开发表资料中描述最详尽,也最接近实际应用的一个设计方案.本文以该方案为背景进行深入分析,探讨了对转涡轮高压级基元设计的一些特点.提出应以高压动叶出口无量纲周向速度作为重要设计指标;对转涡轮高压级基元设计应尽量选择较大载荷系数等观点和建议.     

关于1+1/2对转涡轮的基本分析和初步设计

１＋１／２（无低压导叶）对转涡轮是高性能军用发动机迫切需要的关键技术之一。本文针对该类对转涡轮展开基本分析,并以某型发动机为目标进行了 １＋１／２对转涡轮试验件的初步设计。研究表明 １＋１／２对转涡轮总效率更多由第一级决定,第二级效率一般较高;高低压轴出功比和第一级涡轮的负荷水平是表征此类涡轮设计难易程度的关键参数。     

叶片弯曲对改善1+1/2对转涡轮高低压涡轮出功比的数值研究

本文基于NuMECA软件的全三维优化设计平台Design3D,通过改变末排动叶的弯曲规律的方法,对1+1／2对转涡轮模型级设计点进行降低出功比的优化设计。结果表明,末排低压动叶通过采用正弯叶片造型,可以在保证效率保持不变的前提条件下,使得高低压涡轮出功比降低2．6％。     

1+1/2对转涡轮应用中的关键技术问题

本文对1+1/2对转涡轮应用的关键技术问题进行了探讨。分析表明,出功比SWR是衡量1+1/2对转涡轮技术 难度的特征参数。增加高压转叶出口气流角和马赫数是降低出功比的两条现实途径。关于高压转叶与低压转叶非定常作用 的分析和理解将是1+1/2对转涡轮成功的关键。     

Performance analysis and improvement of loss recovery mechanisms in star OBS networks

In OBS networks, burst loss affects negatively the performance of the higher layers. Proactive loss recovery mechanisms, such as burst cloning, have the advantage of low burst delay but it suffers from low bandwidth utilization. However, reactive loss recovery mechanisms, such as burst retransmission, have the advantage of high bandwidth utilization but at the cost of high burst delay. In this paper, we present an analysis of this trade-off and we propose two new schemes to improve bandwidth utilization while keeping burst delay as low as possible in star OBS networks. The first scheme controls the retransmissions. The second scheme combines burst cloning and burst retransmission mechanisms. Analytical and simulation results show that the both schemes achieve high bandwidth utilization. The results confirm also that compared to basic burst retransmission scheme, the first scheme reduces burst delay only at moderate and high load, however, the second scheme reduce delay at every load.     

发射过程中混合燃料应力状态的数值分析

 炸药装药在发射条件下的安全性问题已成为高能量炸药应用的一个技术障碍，引起了各国的广泛重视。燃料空气炸药（FAE）战斗部是近年来倍受国内外关注的新概念武器。目前关于FAE装药的发射安全性特别是高过载环境下的发射安全性研究还不系统、不够深入，也没有给予足够的重视。运用爆炸力学程序Object MMIC程序分析了FAE战斗部发射过程中的应力和应力率变化规律。分析结果表明，FAE战斗部发射过程中受到的应力和应力率不同于传统的发射过程，因此，有必要建立适用于FAE武器的全新的发射安全性理论。这些研究对提高FAE战斗部发射安全性提供了依据。     

Si表面间水平碳纳米管束的分子动力学模拟研究

本文采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了Si表面间单壁水平碳纳米管束SWCNT (10,10)的变形和摩擦特性.系统在弛豫平衡后,首先对碳纳米管束施加压力至碳纳米管或Si表面结构破坏.之后在无压力和高压力两种情况下使上表面沿水平方向做剪切运动以研究碳纳米管束的摩擦特性.结果表明,由于碳纳米管的柔韧性,碳纳米管束在加载过程中出现明显变形,但直至3.8 GPa高压下并无结构破坏.系统无压力时SWCNT (10,10)在原地轻微随机滚动,压力为3.8 GPa时,碳纳米管束出现了整体的轻微滑动,同时伴随无规律的轻微滚动, 关键词： 碳纳米管束 摩擦 分子动力学模拟     

六面顶压机立方压腔内压强的定量测量及受力分析

将六面顶压机立方压腔内置入电路,采用原位电阻测量确定Bi,Tl,Ba相变的方法,标定了压腔内不同位置的压力(强).通过标定立方压腔顶锤表面的压力并结合计算,分别得到了外部加载与压腔密封边受力以及合成腔体受力的对应关系.实验分析结果表明,随着外部加载的增加,当腔体压力达到5 GPa时,消耗在压腔密封边上的加载急剧上升,消耗在合成腔体的加载趋于不变,从而导致立方压腔压力达到上限.利用实验结果,分析了立方压腔在高压下的受力状态,解释了立方压腔的压力难以超过7 GPa的原因.结合立方压腔的几何结构,通过理论分析,提出了采用高体弹模量的物质作为传压介质,同时采用低体弹模量的物质作为密封边提高立方压腔压力上限的可行方案.通过定量标定叶腊石压腔轴向的压力梯度,给出了压腔内沿对称轴不同位置压力值的计算方法,此方法可为高压实验提供更精确的压力数据.     

DES模型在压气机叶栅中的应用研究

本文采用DES模型分析压气机叶栅内部流动及尾迹掺混,探讨了DES模型系数对数值模拟精度的影响.结果显示,模型系数取为0.65时,计算总压损失和实验相比偏小;模型系数取为0.065时,计算粘性太小,端壁出现提早分离,而当模型系数取为0.2时,得到了较好的模拟结果.     

Oscillatory flow in jet pumps: nonlinear effects and minor losses

A nonresonant, lumped-element technique is used to investigate the behavior of tapered cylindrical flow constrictions (jet pumps) in the nonlinear oscillatory flow regime. The array of samples studied spans a wide range of inlet curvature radii and taper angles. By measuring the rectified steady pressure component developed across a jet pump as well as the acoustic impedance, the minor loss coefficients for flow into and out of the narrow end of the jet pump are determined. These coefficients are found to be relatively insensitive to all but the smallest curvature radii (i.e., sharp edges). For fixed radius of curvature, the inflow minor loss coefficient increases with increasing taper angle while the outflow coefficient remains relatively constant. For all of the samples, the steady flow minor loss coefficients are also measured and compared to their oscillatory flow counterparts. The agreement is good, confirming the so-called Iguchi hypothesis.     

Low-frequency magnetic energy harvest using multiferroic composite plates

It is shown with a theoretical bending model that a laminated plate with piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers can be used to harvest magnetic energy at relatively low frequencies. The output electric power and the energy conversion efficiency are calculated. The load dependence of the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is obtained.     

温度、湿度及压强对激光在水中衰减特性的影响

从实验上研究了不同大气环境(温度、湿度、气压)条件下532 nm激光在水中的衰减特性. 实验结果显示大气环境对激光的衰减系数有着重要的影响. 衰减系数随大气压强的增加而减小, 随温度的增加而增加, 最大衰减系数出现在最高水温和最低气压条件下. 当气压低并且温度高时, 衰减系数最大, 最大衰减系数值是最小衰减系数的三倍.在实验测量的基础上, 详细分析了大气环境影响激光衰减特性的物理机理, 研究结果对分析布里渊激光雷达海洋遥感探测具有重要意义.     

Transmission loss measurement of acoustic material using time-domain pulse-separation method (L)

An alternative method for measuring the normal incidence sound transmission loss (nSTL) is presented in this paper based on the time-domain separation of so-called Butterworth pulse with a short-duration time about 1 ms in a standing wave tube. During the generation process of the pulse, inverse filter principle was adopted to compensate the loudspeaker response, besides this, the effect of the characteristics of tube termination can be eliminated through the generation process of the pulse so as to obtain a single plane pulse wave in the standing wave tube which makes the nSTL measurement very simple. A polyurethane foam material with low transmission loss and a kind of rubber material with relatively high transmission loss are used to verify the proposed method. When compared with the traditional two-load method, a relatively good agreement between these two methods can be observed. The main error of this method results from the measuring accuracy of the amplitude of transmission coefficient.     

Vibro-acoustic response and sound transmission loss analysis of functionally graded plates

This paper presents analytical studies on the vibro-acoustic and sound transmission loss characteristics of functionally graded material (FGM) plates using a simple first-order shear deformation theory. The material properties of the plate are assumed to vary according to power law distribution of the constituent materials in terms of volume fraction. The sound radiation due to sinusoidally varying point load, uniformly distributed load and obliquely incident sound wave is computed by solving the Rayleigh integral with a primitive numerical scheme. Displacement, velocity, acceleration, radiated sound power level, radiated sound pressure level and radiation efficiency of FGM plate for varying power law index are examined. The sound transmission loss of the FGM plate for several incidence angles and varying power law index is studied in detail. It has been found that, for the plate being considered, the sound power level increases monotonically with increase in power law index at lower frequency range (0–500 Hz) and a non-monotonic trend is appeared towards higher frequencies for both point and distributed force excitations. Increased vibration and acoustic response is observed for ceramic-rich FGM plate at higher frequency band; whereas a similar trend is seen for metal-rich FGM plate at lower frequency band. The dBA values are found to be decreasing with increase in power law index. The radiation efficiency of ceramic-rich FGM plate is noticed to be higher than that of metal and metal-rich FGM plates. The transmission loss below the first resonance frequency is high for ceramic-rich FGM plate and low for metal-rich FGM plate and further depends on the specific material property. The study has found that increased transmission loss can be achieved at higher frequencies with metal-rich FGM plates.