喷雾参数对溶液热等离子体喷涂的影响

本文应用溶液注入热等离子体喷徐传热和流动过程的三维数学模型.对溶液喷雾喷入参数对溶液喷雾在热等离子体射流中运动和加热历程的影响进行了研究.结果表明以一定的角度逆向喷入溶液可以强化溶液喷雾的加热蒸发过程,在一定范围内提高溶液初始喷入速度,可以使小粒径的液滴获得较大的动量进入射流高温区获得充分加热.结果还表明,为了得到致密...     

二甲基醚液滴超临界蒸发的数值模拟

建立了二甲基醚(DME)在N2介质中超临界蒸发的数学模型.采用状态方程法计算了DME-N2体系的高压气液相平衡,在相关文献的基础上得出一套流体热物性和输运参数的计算方法.完成了DME超临界蒸发过程的数值模拟.从数值模拟的结果讨论了超临界条件下环境压力、环境温度和液滴运动等因素对液滴升温、滴径变化以及生存时间的影响.     

高温气流中液滴蒸发的表面张力效应

针对高温气流中燃料液滴的受热蒸发过程,以正十二烷液滴为例,建立了考虑液滴受热膨胀、表面张力及气流热物性变化的分析模型。采用移动网格法,并通过温度插值减小网格移动产生的偏差,编制了计算程序。在与文献结果对比验证的基础上,数值模拟了高温对流环境中的液滴蒸发过程;探讨了高温气流加热条件下,液滴表面张力变化对液滴蒸发的影响。结果表明,是否考虑液滴表面张力及其随温度变化,对液滴内压和蒸发过程的影响不大。     

高频感应等离子体炬内液体喷雾的运动与蒸发

本文建立了液体喷雾在高频感应等离子体内运动和蒸发的数学模型,在考虑喷雾液滴相互碰撞和喷雾与等离子体相互耦合效应的情况下,模拟了不同喷雾参数下液体喷雾在高频感应等离子内的运动和蒸发.单个液滴的计算结果和文献中的实验结果进行了比较,结果吻合良好.模拟表明,在通常情况下,喷雾液体的碰撞会导致更大尺寸液滴的形成,从而延缓喷雾的完全蒸发.结果还表明,液体喷雾蒸发对等离子体温度场的局部冷却效应明显,因此必须考虑两者的耦合效应.     

液滴蒸发对周围气相场的影响域特性分析

液滴在气体中运动蒸发的过程中,两相间会发生相互作用。为了弄清液滴对气相场的影响,基于液滴在气体环境中蒸发过程的现象和机理解释,提出液滴蒸发的影响域的概念,定义了影响域半径,并通过数值计算分析了不同条件下的影响域特性。结果表明,影响域内,由于液滴的存在使得其周围气相场参数变化较为剧烈;其他条件相同时,无量纲影响域半径几乎是一个定值。提出的影响域概念,对于研究气液两相间的相互作用机制具有重要意义。     

激光手术喷雾冷却中单液滴蒸发理论模型的比较

制冷剂喷雾可对激光治疗葡萄酒色斑过程进行有效冷却以保护表皮不受热损伤,其瞬态喷雾冷却过程涉及复杂的液滴蒸发、强烈的对流换热和质量传递.本文对描述制冷剂喷雾平衡蒸发阶段单个液滴蒸发的理论模型进行改进,比较了基于各种假设的七个气相传质模型对R-134a喷雾冷却过程中单个液滴蒸发特性的影响,发现考虑过热影响的气相模型所预测的蒸发过程最接近实验结果,用该模型研究了液滴初始直径和速度等参数对液滴蒸发特性的影响.     

燃油液滴蒸发的一维导热模型与压力效应

考虑液滴内一维瞬态导热以及液滴,气流热物性随温度与组分的变化,建立了对流热环境中燃油液滴的蒸发计算模型.以柴油液滴为例,通过数值模拟,分析了蒸发过程中液滴内部的瞬态热响应,考察了不同条件下的环境压力效应.结果表明,对流蒸发过程中,燃油液滴内部温度梯度很大,导热作用明显;在温度不同的气流环境中,环境压力效应存在非单调性;压力效应发生转捩的气流温度与液滴初始粒径和气流速度相关.     

亲水表面金纳米流体液滴光热蒸发特性研究

金纳米颗粒在可见光区具有高消光效率引起科研人员关注。金纳米流体被用作太阳能体吸收工质。通过太阳能加热亲水表面金纳米流体液滴蒸发实验,详细研究了液滴蒸发过程特性。液滴蒸发过程中液滴几何参数和表面温度被仪器实时记录。液滴蒸发主要为常接触面积模式,接触角逐渐减小。液滴体积随时间线性变化,与传统理论蒸汽扩散模型结果不同。本文研究能帮助指导太阳能光热利用以及液滴蒸发在工业中的应用。     

非等温液滴蒸发燃烧的传热传质特性

对无重力、相对静止热环境中碳氢燃料单液滴的蒸发燃烧过程,建立了非等温液滴蒸发-火焰面燃烧耦合模型。考虑了液滴内导热、液滴表面蒸发、火焰面化学反应以及气相区对流传热传质的瞬态耦合作用。将整个耦合系统分解为液滴、火焰面内气相区、火焰面外气相区三个相对独立的计算域,采用固定计算域法与随动坐标系,结合耦合界面条件,进行数值求解。分析了液滴蒸发燃烧过程中的传热传质特性以及环境压力的影响。结果表明,液滴蒸发与燃烧强烈耦合,过程后期的蒸发和火焰面动态特性与初期明显不同。     

加热基底上附壁液滴蒸发动力学实验研究

为了了解液滴表面热流型演变规律及其对蒸发速率的影响,采用稳态蒸发实验研究了加热基底上乙醇和水滴的蒸发过程。液滴半径固定在R=2.5 mm,高度变化范围为0.4至1.4 mm。结果表明,随着液滴高度降低,乙醇液滴表面出现了中心不均匀的温度波动、热流体波及Bénard-Marangoni流胞,而水滴表面则没有明显温度波动。随着基底温度升高,液滴内部热对流增强;随着液滴高度降低,乙醇液滴蒸发速率先减小、后增大,而水滴蒸发速率则无明显变化。实验结果证实热对流对液滴蒸发速率具有明显促进作用。     

Self Similarity of Cross‐Stream Droplet Momentum Displacement in Dispersed Multiphase Flow

Analytical methods are developed and applied to droplet motion, as it relates to aircraft icing. Impinging droplets largely affect the heat balance at an iced aircraft surface, as well as the final ice shape. In this study, a similarity solution of the Eulerian droplet momentum equation is developed. Droplet motion near a flat plate is investigated with a similarity solution. By using scaling, sensitivity, order of magnitude and similarity methods, a momentum displacement of droplets (or particles) due to the presence of the solid surface is predicted. Self similarity of the droplet profiles is established, such that downstream propagation can be expressed in terms of a single independent coordinate. Limiting trends of momentum/drag induced and Blasius‐diffusion profiles are found to identify the spatial range encompassing the droplet motion. The predicted results are successfully compared against the scaling requirements.     

Polydisperse spray diffusion flames in oscillating flow

The phenomenon of droplet clustering or grouping found when a spray of droplets is moving in an oscillating host flow field is investigated for the case of a polydisperse spray that fuels a laminar co-flow diffusion flame. A mathematical solution is developed for the liquid phase based on use of small Stokes numbers for size sections into which the polydisperse spray size distribution is divided. Droplet clustering in the oscillatory flow field is accounted for by constructing a special model for the sectional vaporization Damkohler numbers in accordance with droplet size. Combining this with a formal solution for a gas phase Schvab-Zel'dovich variable yields the means whereby flame dynamics can be described. Results calculated from this solution demonstrate that preferential droplet size behaviour (with smaller droplets tending to cluster to a greater extent and reduce the vaporization Damkohler number more than larger ones) can have a major impact on the flame dynamics through local droplet enrichment with attendant consequences on the production of fuel vapour. The dynamics of the sort of flame (over- or under-ventilated) and the occurrence of flame pinching leading to multiple flame sheets are altered under these circumstances. However, potential control of the actual initial spray polydispersity may reduce the intensity of such effects.     

高速数字全息测量乙醇喷雾火焰中液滴三维位置、粒径及蒸发率

喷雾蒸发燃烧的研究对指导发动机燃烧系统设计具有重要意义。本文搭建了高速数字全息系统,在线测量乙醇喷雾火焰中液滴的粒径、三维位置、速度及蒸发率。对喷雾火焰中的液滴进行了统计分析,得到液滴粒径及三维空间分布。燃烧喷雾场液滴的平均粒径为68μm;非燃烧火焰测试区液滴数量多且较密集,燃烧火焰测试区液滴数量少且稀疏.追踪单液滴并处理得到湍流火焰中液滴的运动轨迹及速度。通过研究粒径的平方D2随停留时间ts的变化,测得液滴平均蒸发率为-3.343×10-7 m2/s.     

矩形通道内横流喷雾掺混流场的实验研究

应用PIV系统对矩形通道内横流-喷雾掺混过程中液滴沿横流方向的流场进行了实验测量.分别获得了单喷嘴和双喷嘴下横流掺混中的流场结构,以及液滴的水平速度分布.横流作用下,液滴的最大水平速度为横流速度的两倍左右;反旋涡对降低了液滴的水平速度,提高了液滴在横流中的停留时间.双喷嘴条件下,横流截面上的液滴密集区域呈狭长的三角形,...     

Detailed simulation of primary atomization mechanisms in Diesel jet sprays (isolated identification of liquid jet tip effects)

In this study, the atomization characteristics of Diesel jet front tip have been investigated to elucidate the physical mechanisms by detailed numerical simulation. The computations are carried out with the finest grid resolutions ever that can resolve the final droplet generation by surface tension. The numerical methods are based on level-set interface tracking. The methods were validated by test cases and the grid resolution survey shows that the resolutions for the present study are sufficient. The present flow setup excludes nozzle disturbances to investigate how the disturbances from the liquid jet front would lead to atomization where the liquid jet impacts against the quiescent gas. The liquid jet front becomes an umbrella-like shape. From the front umbrella tip edge, ligament breakup first occurs. Ligament breakup is strongly correlated with the gas motion in the vicinity. The gas region behind the front is highly disturbed by atomization. By the gas recirculation motion here, air and some droplets are entrained and mixed. Also, the disturbances are fed back to the front umbrella by this motion and become synchronized with the breakup. Droplet pinch-off is mainly in the short-wave mode, but some ligaments are elongated by local gas stretch to finally have a long-wave mode shape, namely a mode shift occurs. The above findings of liquid jet front umbrella formation, atomization at the umbrella edge, mixing and atomization loop in the recirculation flow region and droplet generation mode give an insight to the modeling of droplet generation in actual sprays.     

Spray flame dynamics with oscillating flow and droplet grouping

The co-flow laminar spray diffusion flame in an oscillating flow field is investigated. Mild slip is permitted between the droplets and their host surroundings and droplet grouping resulting from the host flow oscillations is accounted for. The spray is modelled using the sectional approach and a perturbation analysis using a small sectional Stokes number is utilised for solving the liquid phase governing equations. The effect of droplet grouping is described through a specially constructed model for the vaporisation Damkohler number. The large chemical Damkohler number assumption is adopted and a formal analytical solution is developed for Schwab-Zeldovitch parameters through which the dynamics of the spray flame front shapes and thermal fields are deduced. Computed results based on the solutions demonstrate how the phenomenon of droplet grouping can lead to the existence of multiple flame sheets as a result of the dynamic change in the type of the main homogeneous flame from under- to over-ventilated as the flow field oscillates. Concomitant fluctuating thermal fields are also shown to be present indicating a potential impact on undesirable pollutants production.     

微尺度下锥形微操作探针表面液滴形成的研究（英）

基于液滴的转移方法可实现微操作任务中微对象的拾取,锥形操作探针则常作为一种毛细力微操作执行工具。主要研究在空气冷凝模式下锥形探针端面的液滴形成。建立了微液滴形成的数学模型,主要包括初始液滴的形成、液滴的合并和液滴的移动,研究了影响操作液滴的关键参数,分析表明:过冷度决定最小液滴半径。对单液滴的生长机制进行理论分析,并通过数值求解的方法模拟了锥形操作探针端面的液滴形成。搭建实验测试平台,实验研究了微尺度下锥形微操作探针端面的液滴形成。实验结果表明:在空气冷凝模式下,操作探针端面能够形成微液滴。经过初始液滴的形成,液滴的合并和移动等过程最终可形成稳定的微液滴,且不同锥顶角下液滴的形成呈现多样化。     

Microdroplet targeting induced by substrate curvature

Fundamental understanding of the wettability of curved substrates is crucial for the applications of microdroplets in colloidal science, microfluidics, and heat exchanger technologies. Here we report via lattice Boltzmann simulations and energetic analysis that microdroplets show an ability of transporting selectively to appropriate substrates solely according to substrate shape(curvature), which is called the substrate-curvature-dependent droplet targeting because of its similarity to protein targeting by which proteins are transported to the appropriate destinations in the cell. Two dynamic pathways of droplet targeting are identified: one is the Ostwald ripening-like liquid transport between separated droplets via evaporating droplets on more curved convex(or less curved concave) surfaces and growing droplets on less curved convex(or more curved concave) surfaces, and the other is the directional motion of a droplet through contacting simultaneously substrates of different curvatures. Then we demonstrate analytically that droplet targeting is a thermodynamically driven process. The driving force for directional motion of droplets is the surface-curvature-induced modulation of the work of adhesion, while the Ostwald ripening-like transport is ascribed to the substrate-curvature-induced change of droplet curvature radius. Our findings of droplet targeting are potentially useful for a tremendous range of applications, such as microfluidics, thermal control, and microfabrication.     

Influence of micro-explosions on the stability of laminar premixed water-in-fuel emulsion spray flames

A model is presented for a one-dimensional laminar premixed flame, propagating into a rich, off-stoichiometric, fresh homogenous mixture of water-in-fuel emulsion spray, air and inert gas. Due to its relatively large latent heat of vaporisation, the water vapour acts to cool the flame that is sustained by the prior release of fuel vapour. To simplify the inherent complexity that characterises the analytic solution of multi-phase combustion processes, the analysis is restricted to fuel-rich laminar premixed water-in-fuel flames, and assumes a single-step global chemical reaction mechanism. The main purpose is to investigate the steady-state burning velocity and burnt temperature as functions of parameters such as initial water content in the emulsified droplet and total liquid droplet loading. In particular, the influence of micro-explosion of the spray’s droplets on the flame’s characteristics is highlighted for the first time. Steady-state analytical solutions are obtained and the sensitivity of the flame temperature and the flame propagating velocity to the initial water content of the micro-exploding emulsion droplets is established. A linear stability analysis is also performed and reveals the manner in which the micro-explosions influence the neutral stability boundaries of both cellular and pulsating instabilities.     

Flame structure and stabilization of lean-premixed sprays in a counterflow with low-volatility fuel

An experimental study was performed on the combustion of lean-premixed spays in a counterflow. n-Decane was used as a liquid fuel with low volatility. The flame structure and stabilization were discussed based on the flame-spread mechanism of a droplet array with a low-volatility fuel. The spray flame consisted of a blue region and a yellow luminous region. The flame spread among droplets and group-flame formation through the droplet interaction were observed on the premixed spray side, while envelope flames were also observed on the opposing airflow side. The blue-flame region consisted of premixed flames propagating in the mixture layer around each droplet, the envelope diffusion flames around each droplet, the lower parts of the group diffusion flame surrounding each droplet cluster, and the envelope flame around droplets passing through the group flame. The flame was stabilized within a specific range of the mean droplet diameter via a balance between the droplet velocity and the flame-spread rate of the premixed spray.