有机锡化合物的光电子能谱和质谱研究Ⅲ

本文利用光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和质谱（ＭＳ）研究了１２种有机锡化合物。通过ＸＰＳ和ＭＳ讨论了化合物中取代基对锡内层电子的影响及对ＳｎＯ键的影响。结果表明ＸＰＳ和ＭＳ对有机锡化合物某些化学键性质的讨论具有互补性。     

有机锡化合物的光电子能谱（XPS）和质谱（MS）研究Ⅱ

本文报道了７种新合成的（Ｚ）－１－（２－（三芳基锡）乙烯基）－１－环庚醇有机锡化合物的ＸＰＳ和ＭＳ结果，通过ＸＰＳ讨论了化合物中不同取代基的存在，对锡内层电子的影响及取在对Ｏｈ结合能化学位移的作用，结果表明，卤素在这里起着得要的作用，通过ＭＳ和ＸＰＳ讨论了不同取代基对Ｏ→Ｓｎ键的影响。     

锡,锗化合物的光电子能谱和质谱研究

用光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和质谱（ＭＳ）分别研究了９种锗，锡的化合物Ｇｅ３ｄ，Ｓｎ３ｄ轨道电子结合能化学位移与其所处不同化学环境的关系。着重讨论了取代基团电负性对Ｇｅ３ｄ，Ｓｎ３ｄ结合能化学位移的影响。     

苯多烯基硝基系列化合物的HeI紫外光电子能谱（UPS）研究

本文报道具有反向端基的苯多烯基硝基系列化合物的气相ＨｅＩ紫外光电子能谱（ＵＰＳ），ＵＰＳ谱的指认借助于已有报道的与此有关的小分子的ＵＰＳ结果以及对每个研究分子的ＭＮＤＯ计算，不同端基分子的最低ＵＰＳ实验电离能（ＩＰ）不但随分子中端基效应的减弱和分子中乙烯基数目的增加呈递降关系，而且指出与乙烯基直接相连的－Ｘ但随分子中端基效应的减弱和分子中乙烯基数目的的增加呈递降关系，而且指出与乙烯基直接相连的－Ｘ     

DDP表面修饰PbS纳米微粒的合成及结构表征

采用表面修饰法合成了二烷基二硫代磷酸修饰的ＰｂＳ纳米微粒,并用红外光谱,（ＩＲ）,Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）,透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）,Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）等仪器表征了其结构。结果表明,所合成的ＰｂＳ纳米微粒是ＤＤＰ表面修饰层和ＰｂＳ纳米核所构成的,且由于表面修饰层的存在,有效地阻止了纳米微粒在空气中的团聚及氧化,其平均粒径为７ｎｍ。     

晶化时间及硅源对SAPO—5分子筛的结构及模板剂状态的影响

通过改变硅源和晶化时间的方法，采用水热法合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛材料，用Ｘ光衍射（ＸＲＤ）和＾２７ＡｌＭＡＳ ＮＭＲ对产物的晶相结构进行表征，用＾１３Ｃ ＣＰ ＭＡＳ ＮＭＲ研究不同阶段的产物中模板剂的存在状态，结果可见：以ＳｉＯ２凝胶为硅源时，薄水铝石反应物有罗高的活性，在４８ｇ的晶化时间内，延长晶化时间有助于ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛的完整结晶，当晶化时间超过４８ｈ时，其中已形成的ＳＡＰＯ－５的结     

ELECTRON MOMENTUM SPECTRA OF EXCITED He(2~1S) AND He(2~3S)

ＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＭＯＭＥＮＴＵＭＳＰＥＣＴＲＡＯＦＥＸＣＩＴＥＤＨｅ（２１Ｓ）ＡＮＤＨｅ（２３Ｓ）ＣｈｅｎＺｈａｎｇｊｉｎＳｈｉＱｉｃｕｎＣｈｅｎＪｉＸｕＫｅｚｕｎＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｏｄｅｒｎＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎ...     

在小硅化物SiX~m（X＝Be、B、C、N、O、F、Ne，m＝～4－＋2）中分子成键倾向的从头算研究

此文用从头计算法，在ＨＦ、ＭＰ２、ＭＰ３水平下，使用基组６—３１Ｇ、６—３１＋Ｇ对ＳｉＯ的等电子分子ＳｉＸｍ（Ｘ＝Ｂｅ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｎｅ，ｍ＝－４～＋２）进行了几何优化，并计算了相应的平衡几何构型下的振动频率，对ＳｉＯ分子，使用ＱＣＩＳＤ（Ｔ）方法考虑了不同水平下的电子相关效应，并考虑了不同基函数６－３１＋Ｇ和６－３１１＋Ｇ的影响。计算结果表明，所有分子的势能曲线都有稳定的极小值，并且键长与频率在ＨＦ、ＭＰ２、ＭＰ３水平上都呈现出明显的规律性，通过与实验上存在的稳定分子ＳｉＯ相比较，可以预言ＮＳＩｉ－和ＳｉＦ＋比其它分子有较明显的成键可能性，所以，ＮＳｉ－和ＳｉＦ＋有可能形成稳定的分子。     

MoS2摩擦表面氧化与电子转移

利用电子自旋共振谱（ＥＳＲ）和Ｘ射线光电子谱（ＸＰＳ）研究了ＭｏＳ２摩擦表面的氧化行为和摩擦表面氧化的电子转移,发现Ｍｏ２在摩擦失效过程中Ｍｏ＾４＋与氧作用生成稳定的Ｍｏ＾６＋终态氧化物,其间经过Ｍｏ＾５＋过渡态。深入揭示了ＭｏＳ２摩擦表面氧化过程的复杂性,指出Ｍｏ在摩擦表面氧化过程中以多种化学状态存在,Ｍｏ原子的氧化是Ｍｏ４ｄ轨道上的单电子转移过程。     

聚丙烯腈热裂解产物的ESR和固体￣（13）CNMR研究

用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）和固体￣（１３）ＣＮＭＲ研究了聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）在不同裂解温度（Ｔ＿Ｐ）下的结构变化，当Ｔ＿Ｐ从２５０℃增加到６００℃，ＥＳＲ信号线形没有变化，ｇ值与Ｔ＿Ｐ无关，ΔＨ＿（ＰＰ）减小，自旋浓度（Ｎ＿Ｓ）开始增加，Ｔ＿Ｐ进一步升高，Ｎ＿Ｓ又减少．￣（１３）ＣＮＭＲ谱指出在不同Ｔ＿Ｐ下谱峰发生很大变化，与另文报道的红外及Ｘ－射经衍射结果一致，随Ｔ＿Ｐ升高，ＰＡＮ逐渐脱去小分子形成具有环化共轭结构的产物．     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.