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1.
袁多荣  张囡 《光学学报》1993,13(5):56-460
研究了二氯三烯丙基硫脲合镉(ATCC),二氯三烯丙基硫脲合汞(ATMC)和二溴三烯丙基硫脲合镉(ATCB)三种晶体的结构特点.首次报道了ATMC和ATCB晶体的非线性光学系数及倍频性能;文中分析比较了三种晶体的非线性光学性能;讨论了晶体结构与性能的关系,为探索高效非线性光学新材料提供依据.  相似文献   

2.
本文采用分子动力学(MD)方法,模拟计算了聚氨酯(Estane 5703),三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM),氟聚物(F2311)三种高聚物分子分别与2,6-双(苦氨基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(PYX)(011)晶面构建的高聚物粘结炸药(PBXs)体系的结合能,内聚能密度,径向分布函数以及力学性能.结果表明,Estane 5703与PYX(011)晶面之间相互作用最强;不同粘结剂与晶体之间的内聚能密度大小顺序为PYX/F2311> PYX/Estane 5703> PYX/EPDM;径向分布函数分析可知PYX(011)晶面与高聚物分子间的相互作用主要为静电相互作用;添加3种粘结剂后PBX体系的拉伸强度和断裂强度都得到了改善,而除了F2311外,加入另外两种粘结剂后,提高了PBX体系的抗剪切应变能力.  相似文献   

3.
过氧化值的快速、准确检测对食用油脂的品质及其食品安全控制具有重要意义。近红外光谱技术是一种理想的过氧化值测量手段,但校正模型的建立需要耗费大量的资源。旨在通过近红外光谱信息与油脂过氧化物间的关系分析,探索对不同种类、不同等级植物油建立同一校正模型的可行性,以不同等级的大豆油和菜籽油为研究对象,结合二维相关光谱技术对两种植物油的近红外光谱进行分析,通过间隔偏最小二乘法选择过氧化值通用模型的最佳检测波段,考察了正交信号校正(OSC)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)和二阶导数(SD)对两种植物油过氧化值校正模型的影响,比较了主成分回归(PCR)、偏最小二乘法(PLS)和支持向量机回归(SVR)三种建模方法的预测效果,构建了大豆油(一级+三级)、菜籽油(一级+三级+四级)、一级油(大豆油+菜籽油)、三级油(大豆油+菜籽油)四种通用模型。结果显示:(1)近红外光谱能够检测植物油过氧化值的变化情况,对应的光谱信息主要分布于1 700~2 200 nm区域;(2)通用模型最佳的波段、预处理方法和建模方法分别为1 700~2 200 nm、 SD法和PLS法;(3)四种通用模型中一级植物油(大豆油和菜籽油)的过氧化值通用模型具有较好预测结果,其预测均方根误差(RMSEP)、决定系数(R~2)分别为0.412和0.920,与一级的大豆油和菜籽油单一模型相比,预测精度相差不大。研究表明生产工艺过程相差不大的一级植物油间有可能建立准确性高的通用模型。此外,为了扩展通用模型的性能,需要不断用新产品对模型进行及时更新。  相似文献   

4.
植物油颜色的谱识别方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
曾华  郭覆容 《光学学报》1989,9(12):133-1138
本文提出一种植物油色的谱识别新方法.该方法突破了传统的三刺激值测色模式,提出了用光谱特征及非固定的场景模式,替代三刺激值及其固定的CIE测量模式,建立了良好的判别函数,适于植物油色的客观检验与定级.结果令人满意.  相似文献   

5.
食用植物油中溶剂残留的测定方法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过质谱法确定了食用植物油溶剂残留中除正己烷以外的3种主要六碳烷烃,并以正己烷为标准物质,采用顶空进样-气相色谱法测定食用植物油中的溶剂残留量.研究了食用植物油中溶剂残留量的定性和定量测定方法;比较了3种六碳烷烃与本检测方法的相对标准偏差进行了比较.结果表明,方法加标回收率为97.98%-98.88%,相对标准偏差在2.5%-3.4%之间,最低检出限为0.001mg/L,方法简单、准确.  相似文献   

6.
三指标值法快速筛查不合格植物油   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过测定南方地区常用的花生油、玉米油、菜籽油、大豆油、葵花油、茶籽油、橄榄油等植物油以及地沟油和过期植物油的A3005(代表不饱和度)、A985(代表共轭脂肪酸含量)、A960+A985(代表反式脂肪酸含量)三个指标值,得到了合格植物油三个指标值设定范围。在此基础上,建立快速筛查不合格植物油(过期、添加低价油、添加地沟油)的方法,有效地提高了植物油的监控效率。利用该法筛查出的若干疑不合格油,通过脂肪酸构成法和11,12,13,17脂肪酸含量判定法等,均证实它们是掺杂油或过期油,几种检测方法的结合应用,可进一步推断植物油不合格的原因。  相似文献   

7.
以木薯淀粉为主要原料,自行研制的有机膨润土为改性剂,经过熔融和溶液插层等工艺制备木薯淀粉/膨润土复合粘结剂.采用FTIR和XRD手段表征及力学性能测试.结果表明,PVA插层改性后的有机膨润土的层间距大于有机膨润土的层间距大于Na基膨润土的层间距,膨润土的层间距越大,越有利于淀粉与膨润土的插层反应,得到的复合粘结剂的干强度也越高.该复合粘结剂具有粘结强度高、抗吸潮性好,且成本低、工艺简单和环境友好.  相似文献   

8.
为提高固体吸附式制冷系统中吸附床的有效传热,本文提出了一种具有较高导热系数和较快吸附速度的固化块状活性炭,并对其物性和吸附性能进行实验研究.针对采用不同材料配比的块状活性炭,测试了活性炭-甲醇在吸附温度35℃,蒸发温度3~5℃条件下的吸附性能曲线,对比分析了粘结剂比例、固化密度及不同的床换热条件对吸附性能的影响,并由此给出了块状活性炭作吸附剂时的合适的粘结剂比例、固化密度、吸附制冷循环中的循环吸附量和循环时间.  相似文献   

9.
一、引言 Nb-Ti合金是目前工业上用的一种超导材料,由于其加工性能良好,在超导装置中获得了广泛的应用.为了进一步提高Nb-Ti合金的超导性能,国内外最近在成分上用第三元素(例如铜等)合金化;在工艺上用冷加工和热处理多次交替进行处理,取得了较好的结果.  相似文献   

10.
以石墨烯片和氧化铝(Al_2O_3)粉为导热填料填充到甲基硅油中制备了三种导热硅脂,采用3-ω法测定了所有样品的热导率,结果表明Al_2O_3复合石墨烯片硅脂的热导率达到1.32 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),明显高于单纯添加石墨烯片和Al_2O_3的导热硅脂的热导率。将这三种导热硅脂装配到电脑中央处理器(CPU)系统中,测试样品的散热性能,发现Al_2O_3复合石墨烯片的导热硅脂具有更好的散热性。实验中选用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试了材料的形貌。  相似文献   

11.
《Composite Interfaces》2013,20(6):499-512
Polymers are responsible for a large proportion of audio/video/computer tape characteristics. Several years ago, the polymers used as a binder were selected only empirically without fundamental study. From this standpoint, the authors have systematically investigated the different effects of functional groups of various polymer binders on electromagnetic performance. As a result, it was found that the proper design of polymer binders offers significant potential for further improvement in magnetic performance. With the recent introduction of high dispersion and high durability binders, it has become clear that the particulate media like a metal tape dominates in the field of higher density recording media such as an 8 mm and Hi-8 video tape, a professional video tape like a Beta CAM SP, D2, D3, UNIHI and 1.2 Gb/s HD, and a DAT streamer tape.  相似文献   

12.
 本文对金刚石原料和不同结合剂进行了真空净化处理试验研究。金刚石原料粒度越细,d电子亏损越多的过渡元素做结合剂,通常越需真空净化处理,方能烧结成高耐磨性聚晶金刚石。  相似文献   

13.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is applied to the study of aged binding media used in paintings, namely linseed oil, egg tempera and an acrylic medium. High resolution 1D and 2D NMR experiments establish the state of hydrolysis and oxidation of the linseed and egg tempera binders after five years of aging, by determining several markers sensitive to the hydrolytic and oxidative processes of the binder lipid fraction. The composition of the acrylic binder co-polymer is determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy, while the identification of a surfactant, poly(ethylene glycol), found in greater amounts in aged acrylic medium, is reported.The non-destructive nature of the proposed analytical NMR methodology, and minimization of the amount of binder material needed through the use of sophisticated cryoprobes and hyphenated LC-NMR techniques, make NMR attractive for the arts analyst, in view of its rapid nature and experimental simplicity. PACS 82.56.Dj; 82.56.Fk; 82.56.Hg; 82.56.Ub  相似文献   

14.
Temporal models of pitch and harmonic segregation call for delays of up to 30 ms to cover the full range of existence of musical pitch. To date there is little anatomical or physiological evidence for delays that long. We propose a mechanism by which delays may be synthesized from cross-channel phase interaction. Phases of adjacent cochlear filter channels are shifted by an amount proportional to frequency and then combined as a weighted sum to approximate a delay. Synthetic delays may be used by pitch perception models such as autocorrelation, segregation models such as harmonic cancellation, and binaural processing models to explain sensitivity to large interaural delays. The maximum duration of synthetic delays is limited by the duration of the impulse responses of cochlear filters, itself inversely proportional to cochlear filter bandwidth. Maximum delay is thus frequency dependent. This may explain the fact, puzzling for temporal pitch models such as autocorrelation, that pitch is more salient and easy to discriminate for complex tones that contain resolved partials.  相似文献   

15.
WC–Co alloys have enjoyed great practical significance owing to their excellent properties during the past decades. Despite the advantages, however, recently there have been concerns about the challenges associated with the use of Co, i.e. price instability (the major incentive for alternative binder development), toxicity and properties degeneration. Thus, the current study applies towards summarize the current knowledge of the impacts of different binders partial or total substitution of the traditional cobalt binder highlighting the influences of metal, intermetallic compound, ceramics (metal oxide) binders on the sintering behavior as well as mechanical properties of WC-based alloys, so as to provide reference for those who would like to enhance the performance of cemented carbides with better reliability advancing them to further wide applications and prepare the alloys in a way that is environment friendly, harmless to human health and low in production cost. It is concluded that the alternative for cobalt in tungsten carbide cemented carbide is economically and technically feasible. Strict control of the chemical composition of the binder coupled with taking into careful account the effects of sintering process and subsequent treatments is of great importance to improve the sintering behavior and tailor mechanical properties of tungsten carbide-based hardmetals.  相似文献   

16.
水泥基材料组分、结构复杂,其水化过程、水化产物组成和结构表征是研究中的难点.一维固体核磁共振谱图可定性或定量分析胶凝材料(水泥及矿物掺合料)的水化程度、水化产物(特别是非晶相)的种类和结构,从而揭示胶凝材料的组成、外加剂和环境等因素对水泥基材料水化过程的影响.而二维核磁共振谱可进一步研究不同或同种原子核之间的连接情况,从而明确水化产物中的掺杂、取代,以及有机外加剂在水泥浆体中的分散情况.因此,固体核磁共振技术可获取其它方法难以获得的信息,有力促进水泥水化及其微观结构的研究.  相似文献   

17.
Low emissivity is the complex system and polymer binder is one of the most important factors that affect optical and mechanical properties of the coating. Low infrared emissivity coatings were prepared by using flake aluminum particles and three types of polymer resins as fillers and binders, respectively. The influence of polymer binder viscosity on pigment particles distribution, surface morphology and infrared emissivity of the coating was systematically investigated. The results indicate that infrared emissivity of the coating can be strongly affected by the resin viscosity at the same preparation condition, which induces different aluminum particles distribution and surface morphology of the coating. Low resin viscosity is helpful for aggregating pigments and reducing the top polymer layer thickness near the surface, thus the infrared emissivity is reduced. If the resin viscosity value is decreased by two orders of magnitude, the infrared emissivity values would be reduced as much as 0.2. Additionally, a theoretical model is proposed to account for this mechanism, which indicates that sedimentation, evaporation and diffusion play important roles in forming different aluminum particles distribution during the drying process of the coating.  相似文献   

18.
This study focuses on acquiring information on the degradation process of proteinaceous binders due to ultra violet (UV) radiation and possible interactions owing to the presence of historical mineral pigments. With this aim, three different paint model samples were prepared according to medieval recipes, using rabbit glue as proteinaceus binders. One of these model samples contained only the binder, and the other two were prepared by mixing each of the pigments (cinnabar or azurite) with the binder (glue tempera model samples). The model samples were studied by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to their mass spectra obtained with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The complementary use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to study conformational changes of secondary structure of the proteinaceous binder is also proposed. Ageing effects on the model samples after up to 3000?h of UV irradiation were periodically analyzed by the proposed approach. PCA on MS data proved capable of identifying significant changes in the model samples, and the results suggested different aging behavior based on the pigment present. This research represents the first attempt to use this approach (PCA on MALDI-TOF-MS data) in the field of Cultural Heritage and demonstrates the potential benefits in the study of proteinaceous artistic materials for purposes of conservation and restoration.  相似文献   

19.
The ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transitions induced by hydrostatic pressure in solid solutions based on lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) with introducing 20 at % tin into B sites and composites based on these ceramics have been studied. In the composites with the same composition of solid solution, the transition pressure can be varied within wide ranges depending on the type of binders. The latter is due to the vitrification of the binder and, consequently, the formation of a rigid framework preventing the transmission of pressure to the ceramic matrix.  相似文献   

20.
文物和艺术品的无损分析是文化遗产科技保护的重点和难点。该研究使用了一种遥感领域的地物光谱仪--便携式全波段高光谱感应器(Analytical Spectral Devices FieldSpec FR Pro 3)分析文物中常用的有机胶料。这种高光谱感应器可以在0.2 s内获得一个350~2 500 nm全波段反射光谱,其波段涵盖了可见光、近红外和短波红外三个区域。该研究选取蛋黄、兔皮胶、亚麻籽油三种中西方古代、现代常用的胶结物作为研究对象,分别以单组分、与不同颜料的混合物两种形式来验证该设备无损分析的可靠性和实用性。首先按照传统绘画技法,使用四种不同颜料与上述胶结物的组合制备彩绘样品。待样品完全干燥后,使用探头直接接触法获取光谱信息,并利用相关软件进行数据处理。实验发现,由于物化本质不同,这三种胶结物的反射光谱在波长1 100~2 400 nm范围内的特征信息差异最为显著。当胶料与无机颜料混合后,这三种有机物的吸收峰位置相对于单组分出现了相同的三种变化:(1)波长1 507 nm处的肩峰消失;(2)波长约为1 943~1 922 nm处的宽峰偏移;(3)位于波长2 050 nm处的原N-H伸展和弯曲合频峰向右移动了约(20~2 070 nm)。值得注意的是,C-H合频和倍频峰在单组分与混合物光谱中的位置保持一致。这一系列谱图变化规律使得从混合物中鉴别胶料具有了可能性。尽管在某些情况下,和其他光谱分析技术类似,混合后无机颜料和有机胶料吸收峰之间的相互干扰会影响胶料的鉴定,但利用其一阶导数光谱能够协助各组分的准确表征。结果表明,该高光谱感应器能够有效鉴别有机胶料;这种快速、无损的分析方法不仅在实验室成分分析中具有可行性,而且其便携的特点也适用于文物保护与修复现场的快速分析,具有较好的实用性。  相似文献   

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