Optical head with metal cladding in asymmetrical butted-grating structure for small thermal spot in laser-assisted magnetic recording

A planar near-field optical head with a high optical efficiency of 12.9% (3.2 times higher than that of our previous design) for laser-assisted magnetic recording is described. In this head, a slab-type waveguide with a narrow core is butt-coupled into a one-sided multilayer thin-film stack. Metal cladding is used in the core because of its high optical efficiency due to surface plasmon excitation. To keep production costs low, we use only two layers for the side part, which act as a two-index-step lens that couples light in the side part into a core of the central part. We optimized the parameters of this optical head and recording medium by means of an optical simulator using the finite-difference time-domain method and a thermal simulator. The calculated full width half maximum (FWHM) optical spot size on the recording medium is 24 × 47 nm² and the thermal spot size is 80 × 88 nm² (FWHM).     

阶梯型纳米孔径的近场光学局域增强特性研究

提出一种高分辨力与高通光效率兼备的阶梯型纳米孔径设计方法 ,孔径的尺寸从膜层的入射表面向出射表面呈阶梯型逐渐减小 ,直到在膜层的出射表面形成一个亚波长的小孔。采用三维时域有限差分 (FDTD)方法对方形阶梯型纳米孔径及三角形阶梯型纳米孔径进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明 ,由于近场光学很强的局域场增强效应 ,其通光效率与输出光强极大值在具有相同近场光斑尺寸情况下 ,较普通的非阶梯型纳米孔径提高了两个数量级 ,甚至更高 ,有效地提高了输出光功率。采用四台阶三角形阶梯型纳米孔径 ,当光斑半峰全宽为 97nm× 74nm时 ,出射光强极大值达到 10 4 9.76 ,较入射光增强了 10 0 0倍 ,而通光效率大于 1,达到 1.6 7。这种阶梯型纳米孔径可以直接作为纳米孔径激光器的出射孔径提高其输出光功率 ,也可以作为独立的光学屏对入射光进行整形得到具有高输出功率的亚波长尺度光源 ,在纳米尺度光学成像、光谱探测、数据存储、光刻、光学操作等近场光学应用领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

Magneto-Optic Fiber Gratings Useful for Dynamic Dispersion Management and Tunable Comb Filtering

Intelligent control of dispersion management and tunable comb filtering in optical network appfications can be performed by using magneto-optic fiber Bragg gratings （MFBGs）. When a nonuniform magnetic field is applied to the MFBG with a constant grating period, the resulting grating response is equivalent to that of a conventional chirped grating. Under a linearly nonuniform magnetic field along the grating, a linear dispersion is achieved in the grating bandgap and the maximal dispersion slope can come to 1260ps/nm2 for a l0-mm-long fiber grating at 1550nm window. Similarly, a Gaussian-apodizing sarnpled MFBG is also useful for magnetically tunable comb filtering, with potential application to clock recovery from return-to-zero optical signals and optical carrier tracking.     

Photoinduced Birefringence and Broadband All-Optical Photonic Switch in a Bacteriorhodopsin/Polymer Composite Film

Photoinduced birefringence with large optical nonlinearity in a bacteriorhodopsin/polymer composite film is observed. A high refractive index change of 8.5×10^-5 photoinduced by 476nm pumping beam is reached at the low intensity of 6.5mW/cm². Based on it, a broadband all-optical photonicswitch is realized with an optical controlling switch system. Because of controlling beam's selectivity in switching, the transporting beams of different wavelengths with different intensities and shapes can be modulated by adjusting the wavelength and intensity of the controlling beam.     

氧化镍（绿镍矿）等温压缩及高压相变研究

 本文采用DAC（金刚石压砧高压腔）装置，对氧化镍进行了静水压、非静水压、电导率测量等系统高压实验，获取了氧化镍等温压缩、高压相变及电导率压力效应的新结果，并在实验数据的基础上，对其高压相变与电性及磁性变化关系及体弹性模量作了分析讨论。     

High-Speed and Large-Scale Electromagnetically Actuated Resonant MEMS Optical Scanner

A high speed electromagnetically actuated resonant micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) optical scanner with large mirror area of 6×4mm² has beendeveloped. The MEMS optical scanner chip is fabricated using bulk silicon micromachining process and electroplating technique, and can generate the maximum optical deflection angle of ±6.8°circ at the 2.95kHz resonant frequency with a quality factor of 197 in air under the low power consumption of 50mW, when it is immersed in a constant 510.2mT magnetic field parallel to the coil plane. In addition, the surface roughness of less than 20nm for scanning mirror has been measured and the optical reflectivity of mirror atwavelength of 1550nm is high up to 85%. The results show that the device can satisfy the demands of mm-sized scanning systems in optical communications.     

High-density all-optical magnetic recording using a high-NA lens illuminated by circularly polarized pulse lights

We propose a method for high-density all-optical magnetic recording. Our analyses, based on the vector diffraction theory, show that owing to the inverse Faraday effect, circularly polarized laser pulses focused by a high numerical aperture (NA) lens can induce a small magnetization domain. For an example, the FWHM of the effective magnetization domain is 0.4646λ when NA=0.85. The magnetization direction is basically perpendicular to the surface of the optic-magneto film within the effective magnetization domain and the switching direction of magnetization can be controlled by the helicity of the incident circularly polarized light. These characteristics are useful to next-generation high-density all-optical magnetic storage.     

Ultra-Stable Rubidium-Stabilized External-Cavity Diode Laser Based on the Modulation Transfer Spectroscopy Technique

We construct an ultra-stable external-cavity diode laser via modulation transfer spectroscopy referencing on a hyperfine component of the ST Rb D2 lines at 780 nm. The Doppler-free dispersion-like modulation transfer signal is obtained with high signal-to-noise-ratio. The instability of the laser frequency is measured by beating with an optical frequency comb which is phase-locked to an ultra-stable oven controlled crystal oscillator. The Allan deviation is 3.9 × 10-13 at I s averaging time and 9.8 ×10-14 at 90s averaging time.     

High-Sensitivity Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Lateral Optical Beam Displacements

We present a new optical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance （SPIt） enhanced lateral optical beam displacements. Compared with the traditional SPIt methods, the new method provides higher sensitivity to the sensor system. Theoretical simulations show that the refractive index （RI） detection sensitivity of the SPR sensor based on the displacement measurement has a strong dependence on the thickness of the metal film. When the optimal thickness of the metal film is selected, the RI resolutlon of the SPIt sensor is predicted to be 2.2 × 10^-7 refractive index units （RIU）. Furthermore, it is found that the incidence angle can be used as a parameter to adjust the operating range of the sensor to different refractive index ranges.     

基于纳米孔径激光器的近场光存储的最新发展

近几年发展起来的近场光学原理和方法为实现超高密度光学数据存储开辟了新的技术途径。基于近扬光学方法的最小信息记录单元尺寸突破了经典光学分辨率的衍射极限 ,理论存储密度高达 1 0 0 0Gb/平方英寸 ,受到了研究人员和工业界的广泛关注。着重介绍了用于近场光学存储的纳米孔径激光器的原理、结构、优点 ,对它的实现方法和发展状况作了详细的阐述 ,并对其在近场光存储领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望     

Measurement of Density Inhomogeneity for Glass Pendulum

The density inhomogeneity of a glass pendulum is determined by an optical interference method. The relative variations of the densities over a volume with sizes of 5 × 5×5 mm^3 are （0.64 ± 0.97） × 10^-5 and （0.99 ± 0.92） × 10^-5 for the K9 glass and silica glass pendulum, respectively. These variations of densities contributing to the relative uncertainties of the Newtonian gravitational constant G are 0.20 ppm and 0.21 ppm in our experiment on measurement of G.     

Triple Encrypted Holographic Storage and Digital Holographic System

We propose a triple encrypted holographic memory containing a digital holographic system. The original image is encrypted using double random phase encryption and stored in a LiNbO3：Fe crystal with shift-multiplexing. Both the reference beams of the memory and the digital holographic system are random phase encoded. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the encryption and decryption of multiple images and the results show high quality and good fault tolerance. The total key length of this system is larger than 4.7×10^33.     

Femtosecond Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity of Au：Bi203 Nanocomposite Films

Ultrafast third-order optical nonlinearities of the as-deposited and annealed Au：Bi2O3 nanocomposite films deposited by magnetron cosputtering are investigated by using femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect （OKE） and pump probe techniques. The third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility is estimated to be 2.6Ф×10^- 10 esu and 1.8 × 10.9 esu at wavelength of 800nm, for the as-deposited and the annealed film, respectively. The OKE signal of the as-deposited film is nearly temporally symmetrical with a peak centred at zero delay time, which indicates the dominant contribution from intraband transition of conduction electrons. For the annealed film, the existence of a decay process in OKE signal implies the important contribution of hot electrons. These characteristics are in agreement with the hot electron dynamics observed in pump probe measurement.     

Multilayer Au/TiO2Composite Films with Ultrafast Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties

We report on the ultrafast third-order optical nonlinearity in multilayer Au/TiO2 composite films fabricated on quartz substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. The linear optical properties of the films are determined and optical absorption peaks due to surface plasmon resonance of Au particles are observed at about 590hm. The third-order optical nonlinearities of the films are investigated by z-scan method using a femtosecond laser （50 fs） at the wavelength of 800 nm. The sample showed fast nonlinear optical responses with nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index being -3.66 × 10^-10 m/W and -2.95 × 10^-17 m^2/W, respectively. The results also show that the nonlinear optical effects increase with the increasing Au concentration in the composite films.     

Artificial Modulation of Ferroelectric Thin Films into Antiferroelectric through H+ Implantation for High-Density Charge Storage

Hydrogen ions are implanted into Pb（Zro.3Tio.7）03 1014 ions/cm^2. Pseudo-antiferroelectric behaviour in thin films at the energy of 40keV with a flux of 5 x the implanted thin films is observed, as confirmed by the measurements of polarization versus electric hysteresis loops and capacitance versus voltage curves. X-ray diffrac- tion patterns show the film structures before and after H＋ implantation both to be perovskite of a tetragonal symmetry. These findings indicate that hydrogen ions exist as stable dopants within the films. It is believed that the dopants change domain-switching behaviour via the boundary charge compensation. Meanwhile, time dependence of leakage current density after time longer than lOs indicates the enhancement of the leakage cur- rent nearly in one order for the implanted film, but the current at time shorter than i s is mostly the same as that of the original film without the ionic implantation. The artificial tailoring of the antiferroelectric behaviour through H＋ implantation in ferroelectric thin films is finally proven to be achievable for the device application of high-density charge storage.     

菌紫质高密度偏振全息光数据存储实验研究

实验研究了基因改性菌紫质BR_D96N薄膜在不同偏振光记录下的全息存储特性，比较了不同 偏振态记录光和读出光对衍射像光强及信噪比的影响. 实验结果表明，与其他偏振全息记录 相比，正交圆偏振光记录可实现衍射光偏振状态与散射噪声偏振状态的分离，得到高信噪比 的衍射像，同时还具有高的衍射效率. 以 He_Ne 激光器（633nm，3mW）为记录和读出光源 ，用空间光调制器作为数据输入元件，CCD作为数据读出器件，采用傅里叶变换全息记录的 方法，在 BR_D96N 薄膜样品60μm×42μm的面积上进行了正交圆偏振全息数据存储，达到 了2×10⁸bit/cm²的存储面密度，并实现了编码数据的无误读出与 还原. 关键词： 菌紫质 偏振全息 光致变色 光致各向异性 高密度光存储     

石油醚在流体静高压下的超声声速、衰减、密度和绝热压缩系数

 专门设计了用脉冲-回波-重合法在不同静水压下测量液体声速的装置，并对石油醚在0.1~650 MPa流体静压力范围内测量了其超声声速和衰减系数。还通过测量体积压缩量和质量得到石油醚密度ρ随流体静压力的变化。最后，给出了石油醚的绝热压缩系数β与流体静压力的关系。     

A virtual optical probe based on evanescent wave interference

A virtual probe is a novel immaterial tip based on the near-field evanescent wave interference and small aperture diffraction, which can be used in near-field high-density optical data storage, nano-lithography, near-field optical imaging and spectral detection, near-field optical manipulation of nano-scale specimen, etc. In this paper, the formation mechanism of the virtual probe is analysed, the evanescent wave interference discussed theoretically, and the sidelobe suppression by small aperture is simulated by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The simulation results of the optical distribution of the near-field virtual probe reveal that the transmission efficiency of the virtual probe is 10²－10⁴ times higher than that of the nano-aperture metal-coated fibre probe widely used in near-field optical systems. The full width at half maximum of the peak, in other words, the size of virtual probe, is constant whatever the distance in a certain range so that the critical nano-separation control in the near-field system can be relaxed. We give an example of the application of the virtual probe in ultrahigh-density optical data storage.     

Simulation on parameter optimization of gold nano-antenna attached to semiconductor ring resonator for heat-assisted magnetic recording device

Heat-assisted magnetic recording is a technology to improve recording density for hard disks. The authors’ group has proposed a device, in which a gold nano-antenna as a near-field transducer is attached to a semiconductor ring resonator as an integrated light source. Localized surface plasmon resonance at the tip of nano-antenna excites near-field light to form small recorded marks to increase recording density. In this study, to improve the device performance, the dependence of spot size and energy density of near-field light on tip curvature, length, and bottom diameter of nano-antenna was investigated through a numerical simulation. Cylinder type and cone type nano-antennas were considered. For both types, as the tip curvature of nano-antenna increased, the spot size decreased and the energy density increased. It was possible to reduce the spot size to 18 × 18 nm². For cylinder type, there was an optimal length of nano-antenna where the energy density became maximum, and the optimal length changed depending on the presence or absence of recording medium. This was because of the difference in plasmon resonance condition. Moreover, for cone type, there was an optimal bottom diameter of nano-antenna where the energy density became maximum, and the optimal bottom diameter changed depending on the length of nano-antenna.

     

吡咯俘精酸酐的光致各向异性研究

将有机光致变色化合物—吡咯取代俘精酸酐掺杂于PMMA中形成薄膜.在紫外光照射下,薄膜由无色态转换为呈色态.用650 nm线偏振激光照射薄膜,在由呈色态转变为无色态时产生光致各向异性.对633 nm的探测光具有正单轴晶体特性,光轴方向平行于激发光振动方向,光致二向色性率(D_⊥-D_∥)可达0.2,光致双折射率(n_∥-n_⊥)可达2×10^-3.实验还测量了光致各向异性与曝光量的特性曲线,发现最佳曝光量为13～20 J/cm²;理论分析了其原因.这些结果为俘精酸酐材料在光信息处理方面的应用提供了实验数据.