基于Ansoft的Bi系高温超导磁体临界电流的仿真计算

本文基于Bi2223/Ag超导带材的临界电流特性,探讨了高温超导磁体临界电流的计算方法,使用有限元电磁仿真软件Ansoft Maxwell建立了双饼线圈和小型超导磁体的模型,给出了磁场按方向分解后各分量的分布情况和找出各分量磁场的最大值的方法,利用各分量磁场最大值确定超导磁体的励磁直线,再依据超导磁体的励磁线和临界电流与各磁场分量的关系曲线确定其临界电流,并以实际双饼线圈和小型超导磁体对计算结果进行了验证,较小的误差证明了该计算方法的可行性.     

基于阶梯电流法的双螺线管超导磁体的研究

超导磁体在统一电流下每个双饼线圈受到的径向磁场大小不同,而临界电流主要受最大径向磁场影响决定,使得磁体带材利用率低.本文将根据双饼线圈所受径向磁场的不同给其通入不同电流的阶梯电流方法应用于双螺线管超导磁体,建立了双螺线管超导磁体的有限元模型,提出了一种快速求解阶梯电流临界电流大小的迭代方法,计算了二阶梯双螺线管磁体临界电流大小,储能,互感与磁体间距大小的变化关系.仿真结果表明,采用阶梯电流法能够提高双螺线管的平均储能密度,提高带材的利用率,并且从机械应力方面验证了阶梯电流的可行性.相同磁体结构下,双螺线管磁体的储能密度与临界电流在间距的增大过程中存在最大值,变化趋势先增大再减小,最后趋于稳定.     

饱和铁芯型超导限流器的高温超导磁体的磁场仿真分析

高温超导磁体是饱和铁芯型高温超导故障限流器的核心部件之一,通过超导磁体对铁芯进行直流励磁,控制铁芯的饱和状态,从而限制故障电流.本文以35kV/90MVA饱和铁芯型高温超导故障限流器的超导磁体为研究对象,通过ANSYS有限元软件建立44个双饼线圈的单螺管型磁体的二维电磁模型,得到不同结构磁体产生的磁场,特别是径向磁场的变化规律,结果表明,采用端部并联结构可以有效降低磁体端部径向磁场分量,提高临界电流,该结果为研究饱和铁芯型高温超导故障限流器的电磁特性、磁体励磁能力和结构设计提供一定的参考依据.     

一种新的超导储能磁体结构优化方法北大核心CSCD

高温超导线材的各向异性一直影响其在工程中的使用性能,临界电流主要受磁体最大垂直磁场(垂直于带材表面)决定,最大应力通常出现在最大轴向磁场(平行于带材表面)处.文章针对单螺线管超导储能磁体,从增大临界电流和减小机械应力两方面出发,提出一种新的超导储能磁体结构优化方法.利用MATLAB从不同径高比(平均半径/高)着手,计算带材总长度为2000m的多组磁体结构参数,建立了单螺线管超导磁体的有限元模型,结合COMSOL仿真软件获得多组结构参数的应力、磁场分布以及磁场最大值,将承受最大应力区域的磁体转移至磁体两端中部区域.对参与转移的磁体参数进行计算,分析对比不同转移参数对磁体应力和临界电流的影响.仿真结果表明,对比常规磁体,优化后的磁体能有效减小最大垂直磁场从而增大临界电流,减小最大轴向磁场从而减小最大应力,对超导储能磁体的优化具有重要意义.     

一种新的超导储能磁体结构优化方法

高温超导线材的各向异性一直影响其在工程中的使用性能,临界电流主要受磁体最大垂直磁场(垂直于带材表面)决定,最大应力通常出现在最大轴向磁场(平行于带材表面)处.文章针对单螺线管超导储能磁体,从增大临界电流和减小机械应力两方面出发,提出一种新的超导储能磁体结构优化方法.利用MATLAB从不同径高比(平均半径/高)着手,计算带材总长度为2000m的多组磁体结构参数,建立了单螺线管超导磁体的有限元模型,结合COMSOL仿真软件获得多组结构参数的应力、磁场分布以及磁场最大值,将承受最大应力区域的磁体转移至磁体两端中部区域.对参与转移的磁体参数进行计算,分析对比不同转移参数对磁体应力和临界电流的影响.仿真结果表明,对比常规磁体,优化后的磁体能有效减小最大垂直磁场从而增大临界电流,减小最大轴向磁场从而减小最大应力,对超导储能磁体的优化具有重要意义.     

制冷机传导冷却的MgB_2超导磁共振磁体设计分析

分析了超导磁体设计的关键问题,给出了传导冷却的中心场强0.6T的MgB_2磁共振磁体设计,重点讨论了超导磁体的铁轭设计、磁场计算以及杜瓦设计等相关技术.首先对所用MgB_2长线短样的超导性能进行了初步测试,结果表明,在20K时其临界电流约为156A.然后利用COSMOS有限元软件对磁体的中心磁场进行了分析计算,得到0.6T的磁场分布区域.本设计对国产的MgB_2高温超导长线带材在超导磁共振磁体领域的应用研究具有一定的参考价值.     

单螺线管型高温超导磁体的设计与优化

高温超导带材的各向异性严重制约着超导磁体可运行临界电流的提高,从而影响着磁体的性能。因此,电磁优化设计在高温超导磁体设计中占据着至关重要的位置。主要采用有限元软件对磁体建模仿真,根据磁体磁场的分布,采用多种带材绕制磁体,进行设计优化。结果表明,在相同体积的有效带材基础上,优化之后的临界电流明显提高,储能量提升了约22%;同时,在计算磁体的可运行临界电流时,采用了多次仿真、迭代计算的方式求解磁体的可运行临界电流。这种方法在仿真阶段可直接求解出磁体的临界电流,计算较为方便,而且获取的是实时运行的临界电流,更符合实际情况。     

HL-2A装置ECRH超导磁体磁场分布测量

测量了HL-2A装置ECRH超导磁体的磁场分布。测量结果析表明,其归一化纵向磁场在磁场中心20mm区域内大于0.992,径向分布在磁场中心平面上浮动小于1.48%,杂散场在贴近超导磁体表面时的最大分量小于50mT,满足实验要求。     

Bi2223/Ag带小型高温超导实验磁体设计

Bi2223／Ag带材的强各向异性决定了其临界电流对垂直于带材表面的磁场非常敏感，这是该带材在高温超导磁体等强电应用方面的不利因素。我们从减小磁体最大径向场BRmax对磁体运行电流的影响、充分利用超导材料的原则出发，讨论了高温超导磁体的设计方法。在小型Bi2223／Ag实验磁体的设计中，根据对径向磁场的计算、分析，确定了磁体的工作点。     

梯形高温超导磁体电磁特性仿真与实验研究

超导电动悬浮列车以超导磁体作为核心部件, 具有环境影响小、 高速下自稳定、 安全性能好等优点, 已成为高速轨道交通的重要发展方向之一. 然而, 传统的磁体线圈结构存在绕组内磁场过于集中的问题, 导致磁体的临界电流下降显著, 列车的悬浮及安全性能也受到影响. 针对现有悬浮磁体结构自场集中导致的临界电流衰减问题,本文提出了一种梯形高温超导磁体线圈结构. 建立了一种可以提升磁体临界电流计算效率的均质自洽模型, 设计了梯形结构线圈的结构参数并完成了磁体线圈的绕制. 实验和计算结果表明, 自洽模型计算的磁体临界电流与实验测量值吻合良好, 验证了模型的准确性. 利用该模型对日本山梨试验线上的全尺寸车载高温超导磁体进行了结构优化设计. 研究发现, 优化后的车载磁体绕组内磁场集中程度明显下降, 车载磁体的临界电流及目标区域的磁场强度显著提高. 本研究相关成果可为电动悬浮列车车载磁体的结构设计提供参考.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.