用迈克耳逊干涉仪测量金属线胀系数

本文给出测量金属线胀系数的一种新方法，借助迈克耳逊干涉仪可以精密测量长度变化这一条件，对黄铜的线胀系数进行了测量。     

光的衍射法测量金属的线胀系数

给出测量金属线胀系数的一种新方法．利用光的衍射法可以较精确地测量长度变化这一特点，对黄铜的线胀系数进行了测量．     

游标卡尺在金属线胀系数测量中的应用

针对传统的光杠杆测定金属线胀系数实验中涉及仪器多、待测物理量多以及实验调节繁琐等问题,利用现有的金属线胀系数测量仪,设计了一种用游标卡尺测定金属线胀系数的实验装置,该装置用游标卡尺直接测量金属铜杆受热而发生的微小形变量,再通过计算获得线胀系数值。     

金属线胀系数测量的误差分析

在高等院校的实验室中多采用电加热光杠杆法测量金属的线胀系数对可能影响金属线胀系数测量的三个因素进行了分析,并提出了改进方法和新的实验步骤,以达到减少实验误差的目的。     

用百分表法测金属线胀系数

本文介绍了一种用百分表测量铝合金金属线胀系数的方法，并对测量结果进行了误差分析。     

利用交流电桥和约利弹簧秤测金属的线胀系数和液体密度

利用交流电桥和约利弹簧秤组成实验装置，测量了金属的线胀系数和液体的密度。     

一种金属线胀系数精确测量方案的研究

针对实验室金属线胀系数测量器材存在的精确度低、测量结果不直观等问题,提出了一种智能的金属线胀系数测量方案,方案以单片机STC89C52RC为控制核心,采用霍尔位移式传感器SS495A来对金属杆膨胀时的位移进行测量,温度传感器DS18B20来对金属管内温度进行采集,采用PID算法来控制金属管内温度的恒定,利用上位机软件对采集的数据进行处理,最终直接得出金属线胀系数α。实验证明方案稳定可靠,精确度较高。     

基于BOS-PSD0018的金属线胀系数测定

为提高金属线胀系数的测量精度和灵敏度,以方便数字化测量与微机处理,以PSD光电传感器为核心实现微位移测量,采用光学放大机构提高微位移分辨率,利用BOS-PSD0018芯片实现微位移转换,并用单片机系统实现金属线胀系数的数字化处理与显示.用铜棒进行了标定测试,用铁棒进行检测试验,检测试验表明金属线胀系数最大相对误差为±2.3%,用光学放大机构使微位移分辨率比提高4倍.     

用劈尖干涉测金属线胀系数

文中结合劈尖干涉原理和金属线胀系数计算公式,通过测量受热前后黄铜丝直径的微小变化,导出黄铜丝的线胀系数．实验取得良好效果。     

霍尔传感器法测量金属线胀系数

介绍了一种新颖的金属线胀系数测量方法,该方法是利用霍尔位移传感器的位移与输出电压的线性关系,对位移量的测量能精确到千分之一毫米,从而实现对微小位移的测量。利用该方法通过对铁的线胀系数测量结果表明：此法操作过程简单,测量精度较高。     

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray.The results show that (1) the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA,which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively,(2) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins,lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree,and (3) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently.Meanwhile,the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM) primarily.It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent,but is not linearly.And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum (20.36%),but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.     

Experimental study on SC RF cavities by using China large grain niobium for ILC

Large grain niobium has the potential of simplifying the production sequence and consequently reducing the cost of the superconducting RF cavities for ILC.To investigate the feasibility of fabrication and the possibility to achieve high gradient by large grain cavities,two 1.3 GHz cavities were made of China large grain niobium and a series of vertical tests were carried out following several different surfaces treatment procedures.Two cavities have both reached the high gradient of more than 43 MV/m repeatedly and the maximum accelerating field of 47.9 MV/m has been achieved by China large grain niobium.This paper introduces the features of the fabrication and surface treatments on the large grain cavities and presents the preliminary results of the research.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Study on the radiation problem caused by electron beam loss in accelerator tubes

The beam dynamic code PARMELA was used to simulate the transportation process of accelerating electrons in S-band SW linacs with different energies of 2.5, 6 and 20 MeV. The results indicated that in the ideal condition, the percentage of electron beam loss was 50% in accelerator tubes. Also we calculated the spectrum, the location and angular distribution of the lost electrons. Calculation performed by Monte Carlo code MCNP demonstrated that the radiation distribution of lost electrons was nearly uniform along the tube axis, the angular distributions of the radiation dose rates of the three tubes were similar, and the highest leaking dose was at the angle of 160° with respect to the axis. The lower the energy of the accelerator, the higher the radiation relative leakage. For the 2.5 MeV accelerator, the maximum dose rate reached 5% of the main dose and the one on the head of the electron gun was 1%, both of which did not meet the eligible protection requirement for accelerators. We adopted different shielding designs for different accelerators. The simulated result showed that the shielded radiation leaking dose rates fulfilled the requirement.     

Analysis of Laser-generated Rayleigh wave on viscoelastic materials

In order to understand the viscoelasticity of material, this research has been conducted to study the propagation characteristics of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave theoretically. A model is presented for the pulsed laser generation of ultrasound on viscoelastic medium surface. Referred to the Kelvin model, the frequency equation and the normal displacement of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave were derived, the influence of the viscoelastic modulus on dispersion and attenuation was discussed. From the theoretical calculation, it is shown that the effect of viscoelasticity on the attenuation of Rayleigh wave is more than that on its dispersion. In the case of a weak viscosity, the attenuation of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave is directly proportional to viscosity modulus; the effect of shear viscosity on the attenuation is much more than that of bulk viscosity. The transient response of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave was also simulated using Laplace and Hankel inversion transform, which are showed in good agreement with the theoretic predictions. The model provides a useful tool for the determination of viscoelastic parameters of medium.     

A modified voice conversion algorithm using compressed sensing

A voice conversion algorithm,which makes use of the information between continuous frames of speech by compressed sensing,is proposed in this paper.According to the sparsity property of the concatenated vector of several continuous Linear Spectrum Pairs（LSP）in the discrete cosine transformation domain,this paper utilizes compressed sensing to extract the compressed vector from the concatenated LSPs and uses it as the feature vector to train the conversion function.The results of evaluations demonstrate that the performance of this approach can averagely improve 3.21%with the conventional algorithm based on weighted frequency warping when choosing the appropriate numbers of speech frame.The experimental results also illustrate that the performance of voice conversion system can be improved by taking full advantage of the inter-frame information,because those information can make the converted speech remain the more stable acoustic properties which is inherent in inter-frames.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Factors affecting the spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium

The spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium is discussed within the accuracy of the first-order Born approximation. It is shown that spectral shifts and spectral switches are affected both by the polarization of the incident light wave and by the characters of the scat-tering medium. Moreover, numerical results show that the direction at which the spectral switch occurs is governed by the characters of the scattering medium, whereas the magnitude of the spectral switch is affected by the polarization of the incident light wave.     

Use of Isotope Analysis in Solving Environmental Problems in Power Engineering

Abstract

During hydraulic dumping of ashes at a sludge bed of the power plant at Mělnik (north of Prague), new springs originated which wetted houses and properties at the small village of Podvlci. The sludge bed as well as the village lie at the southwestern margin of the alluvial plain of the Labe (Elbe) River at the foot of a slope built of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. By analyzing the concentrations of radiocarbon and tritium, it was possible to determine the origin of the water and the ratio of the modern and original groundwater in the new springs in the surroundings of the sludge bed. To substitute the present dump the operation of which should be stopped, establishing of a new one has been proposed within the alluvial plain. By means of stable isotopes and radionuclides, the relations between the groundwater in the Quaternary sediments and in the underlying Middle Turonian confined aquifer were studied, because changes in the hydrogeological regime have to be expected due to the operation of the proposed new sludge bed.