Nanometer sized Silicon Particles Prepared by Laser Vaporization and Their Photoluminescence

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介质中含孤立发光中心的纳米粒子的辐射寿命概率分布

含发光中心的纳米粒子在介质中随机分布,造成局域介质相对折射率的随机分布,导致了纳米粒子辐射寿命的涨落.分析纳米粒子数量在线度为发射光波长量级的体积内的概率密度,由此得出局域介质相对折射率的概率密度.通过纳米粒子辐射寿命对折射率的依赖关系,得到纳米粒子辐射寿命概率密度的解析表达.在此基础上,分析了Meltzer等人的实验中,含Eu³⁺离子的Y₂O₃粒子在甲醇溶液中辐射寿命的相对偏移量的涨落,并得出辐射寿命的不确定度(均方差)与纳米粒子体积、体积密度等物理量的关系.     

光源的偏振态对动态光散射颗粒测量结果的影响

研究了在动态光散射纳米颗粒测量中,光源的偏振态对测量结果的影响。采用了粒径为100nm、体积浓度为0.5%的标准颗粒作为样品,使He-Ne激光通过起偏器得到0°～180°方向的偏振光,测量了散射光强、偏振度和粒径测量值的变化,计算了相应的粒径均值偏差和标准差,并将这一结果与无偏振He-Ne激光入射进行了比较。结果表明,当入射光为线偏振光时,偏振方向垂直于散射面时测量效果最好;另一方面,由于颗粒系散射迭加造成的散射光偏振度降低,使线偏振光源与无偏振光源产生的散射光偏振度无明显差别,证明在测量中可以使用无偏振He-Ne激光代替。     

Preparation of melt-textured NdBa2Cu3Oy bulk with Nd4Ba2Cu2O10 addition

The NdBa₂Cu₃O_y (Nd123) bulk superconductor, to which Nd₄Ba₂Cu₂O₁₀ (Nd422) particles were intentionally added, was prepared through the so-called MMTG process in Ar (99% purity) flowing atmosphere at an ambient pressure. The quasi-single crystal thus grown was about 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm in dimension. It turned out that the Nd422 particles were uniformly distributed in the Nd123-phase matrix in a fashion similar to the distribution of the intentionally added Y211 particles in the Y123 phase matrix. The superconducting transition temperature T_c for the sample subjected to post-annealing in oxygen atmosphere was 94 K. The critical current density J_c was determined to be 45 000 A/cm² at 77 K and 1 T, when the field was applied parallel to the c-axis of the sample. To the best of our knowledge, the J_c value is the highest and the size of the quasi-single crystal is the largest in the melt-textured Nd123 bulk superconductors so far reported.     

旋转间断过渡层中的粒子轨道

用一维粒子Code研究了旋转间断过渡层中的粒子轨道。发现绝大多数粒子都能穿过过渡层到达下游区;但是,有少量的粒子被捕获在过渡层内;也有一定数量的粒子被反射回上游区。捕获粒子数和反射粒子数与过渡层厚度D有关。在稳定旋转间断中,反射粒子数和捕获粒子数分别为2％和3％左右。对于不稳定的旋转间断,这两个比值可上升2-4倍。反射粒子和捕获粒子的动力学效应可以很好地解释旋转间断,中间激波和多重激波模拟的一些重要结果.     

稀土纳米金对银染效果的影响及其UV-Vis吸收光谱

制备了La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy微粒和纳米金,分别用La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy微粒替代部分的纳米金,研究了La-Au,Ce-Au,Nd-Au,Sm-Au,Eu-Au,Gd-Au,Dy-Au微粒分别对银染效果的影响及其紫外可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱。与纳米金相比,La-Au,Ce-Au,Nd-Au,Sm-Au,Eu-Au,Gd-Au,Dy-Au微粒可延长银染后的斑点持续的时间,其中Nd-Au微粒的效果最好,斑点持续的时间为30 min,是纳米金的2.7倍;可大幅度加深斑点的颜色,其中Nd-Au,Sm-Au微粒的效果最好,用Nd微粒替代部分的纳米金,纳米金用量降低了80%,但还能提高银染法的灵敏度。在200～800 nm范围,La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy微粒和纳米金溶液的UV-Vis吸收光谱只有一个吸收峰,λ_max分别为275,277,276,276,278,277,278和521 nm;La-Au,Ce-Au,Nd-Au,Sm-Au,Eu-Au,Gd-Au,Dy-Au微粒混合液的UV-Vis吸收光谱有两个吸收峰,λ_max(RE)和λ_max(Au)分别为276和522 nm,276和522 nm,276和523 nm,276和523 nm,276和522 nm,276和522 nm,276和523 nm,纳米金和La微粒的吸收峰的波长发生了红移,Ce,Eu,Gd,Dy微粒的吸收峰的波长发生了蓝移,Nd,Sm微粒的吸收峰的波长不变,纳米金与稀土微粒可能有相互作用。     

Collective diffusion in a two-dimensional liquid composed of Janus particles

The collective diffusion of anisotropic particles in liquids plays a crucial role in many processes, such as self-assembly. The patchy particle, which is usually nearly spherical in shape, is an important anisotropic particle with different properties from other anisotropic particles like the ellipsoid liquid crystal particles. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the collective diffusion of a two-dimensional anisotropic liquid system composed of Janus particles. The static structures and diffusion behaviours of anisotropic and isotropic Lennard-Jones liquids are compared. The long-time diffusion behaviour of an anisotropic liquid of nearly spherical Janus particles is found to be similar to that of an isotropic liquid because the orientation of the particles disappears over long-term averaging. The anisotropic properties of the Janus particles are mainly reflected in the spatial correlation of particle orientations and mid-time diffusion behaviour. The difference between nearly spherical anisotropic particles and rod-like particles is also discussed in this paper.     

Coulomb excitation of levels in 143Nd and 145Nd

The low-lying states of ¹⁴³Nd and ¹⁵⁴Nd have been studied by means of Coulomb excitation with ¹⁶O and α-particles. Angular distribution measurements were carried out for some transitions in ¹⁴⁵Nd with 11.2 MeV α-particles. Level energy decay schemes and B(E2)↑ values were measured for two states in ¹⁴³Nd and for six states in ¹⁴⁵Nd. Some spin assignments have been established for the ¹⁴⁵Nd nucleus. ¹⁴³Nd and ¹⁴⁵Nd have been theoretically described by coupling one and three particles, respectively, to quadrupole vibrations, and rather good agreement with experiment was achieved.     

60 A GeV?16 O诱发乳胶核反应慢粒子产生研究

对60AGeV^16O诱发乳胶核反应靶核碎片多重数分布及其关联进行了实验研究,并与FRITOF1．7加级联机制模型和DIUNUC2．0模型计算结果进行了比较／。     

Ni-TiB2-Nd2O3复合镀层的性能研究

采用TiB2和Nd2O3微粒作为共掺杂微粒,用电沉积法制备Ni-TiB2-Nd2O3复合镀层.用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定镀层中Ti、Nd元素的质量百分含量(wt%);分别研究镀层中Nd2O3微粒的含量对镀层的硬度、磨损质量和摩擦系数等的影响;用X衍射法(XRD)对Ni-TiB2-Nd2O3...     

Limit analysis for laser removal of micron contaminant colloidal silicon dioxide particles from the super-smooth optical glass substrate by pulse Nd:YAG laser

Multimode Nd:YAG pulse laser was applied to remove micron and submicron particles by vaporizing a thin paint film pre-coated on super-smooth optical substrate surface. By analyzing the poor absorption of the optical glass substrate to the irradiative Nd:YAG pulse laser, the removal mechanism of contaminated colloidal particles from the super-smooth surface through vaporization of a volatile solid film is described. A limit analysis was proposed to determine the lower and the upper threshold of laser fluence for cleaning the SiO₂ contaminants from super-smooth K8 optical substrate. Relevant experiments on laser cleaning of micron-polishing particles from super-smooth K8 optical substrate confirmed the usefulness of this method in assisting the selection of effective cleaning fluence for accomplishing high cleanliness, which was in a range of 80–90% of the predicted upper threshold.     

Mössbauer spectroscopy of magnetic small particles with emphasis on barium ferrite

Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic particles have been of scientific and technological interest for several decades. The study of nanometer clusters or particles is currently a developing subject. Such materials may be in a non-equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium phase; different properties as compared to the bulk and indeed even new physical phenomena may be expected. Some ways to synthesize clusters and fine particles are described. Mössbauer spectroscopy is shown to be particularly useful for the study of nanometer particles; an outline of how it actually works is given. As an illustration, barium ferrite small particles, a material of topical interest, is considered in detail. In particular, methods of preparation, the crystal and magnetic structure, the magnetic characteristics, recently obtained Mössbauer results, and potential and realized applications are reviewed.     

细颗粒间相互作用力的研究

对微米、近亚微米尺度的细颗粒间相互作用过程的显微观察发现,细颗粒间具有"吸引-旋绕-排斥"的相互作用行为.受力分析表明,包含范德华力、静电库仑力和电像力的传统颗粒间作用力模型不能解释这种相互作用行为.根据细颗粒的荷电特性,提出细颗粒间还具有诱导偶极子作用力.通过引入偶极子作用力改进了细颗粒间作用力模型,利用新的模型对细颗粒间相互作用进行了模拟,得到了和实验相同的相互作用行为,并且对影响细颗粒相互作用的参数进行了分析.提出投入大颗粒和增加外静电场等都是促进颗粒凝并的有效措施.     

Analysis of Single Particle Attrition during Impact Experiments†

Particle breakage can be characterised as attrition, chipping, fracture, abrasion and wear. All these types of breakage mechanisms are the effect of the damage caused to these particles. These mechanisms can be differentiated not just on the basis of magnitude and direction of the force but also by the damage caused to the particles. The damage is measured by change in the size distribution and the change in shape of the particles. In the current research, experiments were performed on the newly developed Repeated Impact Test. The unique feature of this test is that about hundred particles can be subjected simultaneously to a monitored number of impacts, without particle‐particle interactions at regulated velocities. The preliminary experiments were performed with single crystalline particles of different shapes and sizes. After fixed number of impacts, the images of the particles were taken. The volume and shape of the particles were determined by image analysis. It was observed that the rate of attrition was very high when the particles are irregular. The rate decreased as the particles became more spherical.     

Distribution of micrometer-size particles in magnetic fluids in the presence of steady uniform magnetic field

In this paper, distribution of suspended micrometer-size particles in magnetic fluids is investigated. Microstructure formation of particles in magnetic fluids is simulated by using the discrete particle method based on the simplified Stokes dynamics. Not only magnetic particles but also nonmagnetic particles are rearranged in the field direction and form chain-like clusters due to the apparent magnetization in magnetic fluids in the presence of magnetic field. When the diameter of nonmagnetic particles is smaller than that of magnetic particles, nonmagnetic particles move into the empty space of microstructure of magnetic particles, and they are rearranged in the field direction. Uniformity of distribution of particles on the plane perpendicular to the field direction is maintained even after microstructure formation.     

Characteristics of solid aerosols produced by optical catapulting studied by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Optical catapulting (OC) constitutes an effective method to transport small amounts of different materials in the form of a solid aerosol. In this report, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used for the analysis of those aerosols produced by OC. For this purpose, materials were catapulted using a Q-switch Nd:YAG laser. A second Q-switch Nd:YAG laser was used for LIBS analysis of the ejected particles. Data processing of aerosols was conducted using conditional data analysis. Also, the standard deviation method was used for the qualitative identification of the ejected particles. Two modes of interaction in OC (OC with focused or defocused pulses) have been evaluated and discussed. LIBS demonstrates that the distribution (spreading) of the ejected particles along the propagation axis increased as a function of the interpulse delay time. The mass density and the thickness of the target also play an important role in OC-LIBS.     

爆轰和燃烧法合成SrAl2O4：Eu2+，Dy3+纳米发光粉

 在低温条件下分别用爆轰法和燃烧法制备出了SrAl₂O₄：Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ 纳米发光粉。从合成条件、热处理温度等方面详细对比了爆轰法和燃烧法对所制备的SrAl₂O₄：Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺纳米发光粉的晶体生长行为、粒子形貌和光学性质等的影响。研究表明,随着热处理温度的升高,爆轰法制备的纳米发光粉的平均粒径逐渐增大,而燃烧法制备的纳米发光粉的平均粒径先减小后增大,在600 ℃时平均粒径存在一个极小值。在同样热处理温度下,爆轰法制备的纳米发光粉的平均粒径增长明显高于燃烧法合成的纳米发光粉的平均粒径。最后讨论了长余辉的发光机理,并给出了如何改进合成方法的建议。     

连续激光二极管端面抽运Nd:YAG激光器噪声研究

以连续激光二极管端面抽运NdYAG激光器为实验模型,研究了该激光器中输出激光强度噪声、频率噪声和场分布噪声的特性,并根据实验数据推算出NdYAG晶体的粒子上能级寿命随温度变化为1.83μsK,发射截面随温度变化为-0.146×10-19cm2K。     

Soot sublimation studies in a premixed flat flame using laser-induced incandescence (LII) and elastic light scattering (ELS)

Laser-induced incandescence (LII) as a diagnostic technique is based on rapid heating of soot particles to temperatures of several thousand Kelvin and subsequent detection of the thermal radiation from the laser-heated particles. At such high temperatures, soot sublimation effects must be considered when estimating uncertainties in LII measurements. In this work we have investigated the use of various laser fluences in LII using a Nd:YAG laser at 1,064 nm. Using another Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm, the elastic light scattering (ELS) signal from soot particles heated by the 1,064-nm laser was monitored. This approach makes it possible to determine at which fluence of the LII laser soot sublimation starts to become visible as a decrease in the ELS signal. By performing the measurements at various heights in a premixed sooting flat ethylene/air flame, the fluence threshold above which the ELS signal decreased was found to be higher at the lower flame heights corresponding to younger, smaller and less aggregated particles. The results from this work indicate that the different fluence thresholds for sublimation may be explained by a lower absorption function E(m) for the younger soot particles.