Realization of absolute negative refraction index by a photonic crystal using anisotropic dielectric material

A method to realize absolute negative refraction index-1 with a two-dimensional(2D)photonic crystal is presented by introducing dielectric anisotropy in the photonic crystal material.The band structures of E-polarization mode and H-polarization mode can be adjusted by changing the parameters of materials. Thus the two modes with different polarizations have the same negative refraction index-1 for the same frequency.The results are demonstrated by numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time- domain(FDTD)method.     

Imaging by Photonic Crystal Using Reflection and Negative Refraction

Point imaging by a photonic crystal slab due to the negative refraction is studied by the finite-difference timedomain method. With a layer metal coating on one termination of a photonic crystal （PC） slab which intensifies the light reflection, one image occurs in the same side with the point source by negative refraction and reflection at the two sides of the photonic crystal slab, which brings about a new kind of imaging for the PC slab.     

Negative refraction and subwavelength imaging of a photonic-crystal slab for the frequencies in the third band

Negative refraction and subwavelength imaging properties of a two-dimensional （2D） photonic crystal （PC） slab are studied by the finite-difference time-domain method. The PC consists of a triangular lattice of air holes immersed in a dielectric. For a certain frequency range in the third photonic band, the directions of the group velocities and the phase velocities can be opposite, so the PC can work as a kind of negative refractive-index material. The light radiated from a point source can form a subwavelength image spot through the PC slab. Negative refraction and an effective refractive index of the PC slab n = -1 can be achieved for the incident wave with its incident angle within a certain range.     

Frequency bands of negative refraction in finite one-dimensional photonic crystals

We have discussed theoretically the negative refraction in finite one-dimensional （1D） photonic crystals （PCs） composed of alternative layers with high index contrast. The frequency bands of negative refraction are obtained with the help of the photonic band structure, the group velocity and the power transmittance, which are all obtained in analytical expression. There shows negative transverse position shift at the endface when negative refraction occurs, which is analysed in detail.     

Negative refraction and reflection of Gaussian beam on two-dimensional photonic crystal slab

The refraction and reflection of Gaussian beam on two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) slab are studied by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. It is shown that 2DPC slab enables negative refraction, which is demystified by the distribution of Poynting vector directions and values inside the 2DPC. A negative Goos-Hanchen shift is also found in the simulation.     

Negative refraction and reflection of Gaussian beam on two-dimensional photonic crystal slab

The refraction and reflection of Gaussian beam on two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) slab are studied by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. It is shown that 2DPC slab enables negative refraction, which is demystified by the distribution of Poynting vector directions and values inside the 2DPC. A negative Goos-Hanchen shift is also found in the simulation.     

Negative Refraction and Near-Field Imaging of an Elliptical-Rod Photonic Crystal Slab in the Second Band

Negative refraction and imaging properties of the electromagnetic wave through a two-dimensional photonic crystal （PC） slab, which consists of a square lattice of elliptical dielectric rods immersed in the air background, is studied by the plane-wave expansion method and the finite-difference time-domain method. A point source placed in the vicinity of the PC slab can form a good-quality image spot through the PC slab for the incident frequencies within the second photonic band. The calculated result also shows that negative refraction occurs in this kind of PC slab.     

Multi-Imaging by Photonic Crystal Slab Using Negative Refraction

Point imaging by a photonic crystal slab due to the negative refraction is studied by the finite-difference timedomain scheme. With proper surface termination of a photonic crystal (PC) slab, multi-reflection and refraction.will occur in the imaging system, which results in multi-images. The result further verifies that the PC can act as a negative refraction material.     

All angle negative refraction with the effective phase index of-1

We theoretically studied a left-hand structure based on a two-dimensional(2D)photonic crystal(PC) with a negative refractive index.The propagation of electromagnetic waves in the proposed PC structure is investigated through dispersion characteristic analysis and numerical simulation of field pattern.The designed PC structure can exhibit all angle negative refraction,and the corresponding effective refractive indices along all directions are almost same and close to the ideal value of-1.A flat lens formed from such a PC has been designed and its imaging properties have been investigated systematically.     

A method of designing photonic crystal grating slow-wave circuit for Ribbon-Beam microwave travelling wave amplifiers

A method of designing a photonic crystal grating slow-wave circuit in which the cylinders of the 2D photonic crystals dot on a cross-sectional plane is established by calculating the band structures of the 2D photonic crystals, and the eigenfrequency of the equivalent waveguide grating. For calculating the band structures, the eigenvalue equations of the photonic crystals in the system of photonie crystal grating slow-wave circuit are derived in a special polarization mode. Two examples are taken to show the method. The design result is validated by the scattering parameters of the same circuit. The result indicates that there exists no photonic band gap if the metal gratings do not extend into the photonic crystals; the design of the circuit without the metal gratings extending into the photonie crystals is less flexible than that with the metal gratings extending into the photonic crystals.     

Negative refraction in two-dimensional photonic crystals

We present some of our recent results for negative refraction in photonic crystals. The concept of negative refraction in photonic crystals is firstly introduced. Then, the propagation of electromagnetic waves in photonic crystals is systematically studied. By the layer Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method, the coupling efficiency between external plane waves and the Bloch waves in photonic crystals is investigated. It is found that the coupling coefficient is highly angular dependent even for an interface between air with n=1 and a photonic crystal with effective index n_eff=-1. It is also shown that, for point imaging by a photonic crystal slab, owing to the negative refraction, the influence of the surface termination on the transmission and the imaging quality is significant. Finally, we present results experimentally demonstrating negative refraction in a two-dimensional photonic crystal at optical communication wavelengths. PACS 42.70.Qs; 41.85.Ct; 42.30.Va     

基于硅柱-磁性液体体系的光子晶体的可调谐负折射特性研究

本文研究了硅柱在MnFe₂O₄磁性液体背景中排列成六边形结构的二维光子晶体的可调谐负折射特性. 利用平面波展开法和时域有限差分法理论研究了硅柱-磁性液体体系二维光子晶体的带隙结构、等频曲线和负折射现象随外磁场强度的变化关系. 模拟结果表明, 硅柱-磁性液体体系二维光子晶体工作在TE模式时, 其负折射特性可由外磁场调节. 在固定背景溶液的磁性颗粒体积分数和入射光频率时, 所研究的折射光束的偏转角和光子晶体的负折射率绝对值随外磁场的增大而增大, 而在固定背景溶液的磁性颗粒体积分数和外磁场强度时, 负折射角和负折射率的绝对值随入射光归一化频率增大而减小. 固定外场强度和入射光频率时, 所研究结构的负折射特性随背景溶液的磁性颗粒体积分数增大而变弱.     

Polarization beam splitters based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal of negative refraction

A two-dimensional metallo-dielectric photonic crystal of negative refraction was designed for the application of polarization beam splitters. To match the refractive index of air, the effective refractive index of the designed photonic crystal is -1 for TE polarization and +1 for TM polarization. Two types of polarization beam splitter are presented.     

Amphoteric-like refraction in a two-dimensional photonic crystal

High-index contrast photonic crystals possess an intricate photonic band structure that is responsible for surprising phenomena as the surperprism effect, self-collimation, power splitting or negative refraction. Recently, it was reported that at the interface between an isotropic medium and a uniaxial crystal (or between two uniaxial crystals) a phenomenon known as amphoteric refraction, that is, positive as well as negative refraction, can take place. By means of a equifrequency contours analysis and finite-difference time-domain simulations, we show that a two dimensional photonic crystal can also present amphoteric refraction by properly choosing the lattice orientation and the termination. However, total transmission is difficult to achieve because a Bloch mode is excited inside the photonic crystal and the coupling efficiency from this mode to an external plane wave is lower than one.     

二维光子晶体负折射现象条件及特性研究

结合光子晶体带隙图和等频率线图分析了二维光子晶体中出现负折射现象的条件,得出了负折射现象出现的频率范围.采用有限时域差分法模拟了光在光子晶体界面和内部的传输行为,验证了以上理论所给出的负折射出现的频段,观察到了明显的负折射现象.比较了不同介质、不同晶格结构光子晶体中不同频率的负折射行为.提出一种新结构的六角型二维三角晶格光子晶体分光镜的模型.     

Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals

We demonstrate the negative refraction of microwaves in a metallic photonic crystal prism. The spectral response of the photonic crystal prism, which manifests both positive and negative refraction, is in complete agreement with band-structure calculations and numerical simulations. The validity of Snell's law with a negative refractive index is confirmed experimentally and theoretically. The negative refraction observed corresponds to left-handed electromagnetism that arises due to the dispersion characteristics of waves in a periodic medium. This mechanism for negative refraction is different from that in metamaterials.     

All angle negative refraction with the effective phase index of-1

We theoretically studied a left-hand structure based on a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC)with a negative refractive index. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in the proposed PC structure is investigated through dispersion characteristic analysis and numerical simulation of field pattern. The designed PC structure can exhibit all angle negative refraction, and the corresponding effective refractive indices along all directions are almost same and close to the ideal value of -1. A flat lens formed from such a PC has been designed and its imaging properties have been investigated systematically.     

二维空气孔型光子晶体负折射平板透镜的减反层

提出并优化了由单排渐变介质波导构成的二维空气孔型光子晶体负折射平板透镜表面的减反层，改善了成像质量.二维时域有限差分模拟计算结果表明，采用减反层后，在入射角小于23°的范围内，在使得有效折射率n_eff=-1的工作频率处，光子晶体表面对从空气一侧入射的平面波的反射率可降低到1％以下. 关键词： 光子晶体 负折射 平板透镜 减反层     

液晶光子晶体的负折射特性研究

可调光子晶体由于其潜在的应用价值成为现今光子晶体研究中的一个热点.本文提出了通过光诱导液晶来调节光子晶体负折射效应的方法,采用平面波展开法、等频图分析法和推广的斯涅尔定理分析了二维液晶正方晶格光子晶体负折射的可调节性.提出了一种新型的液晶光子晶体结构, 数值模拟结果表明:通过偏振光改变液晶指向矢可以调节该液晶光子晶体的负折射.与电场调制方法相比,该光控液晶取向技术具有响应速度快、结构简单的优点.这种可调光子晶体可用于制作光控路由或者应用于全光网络.     

A liquid refractive index detect method based on negative refraction phenomenon in 2D photonic crystal structure

This paper is mainly concerned with the investigation of negative refraction phenomenon dependent on the background refractive index in 2D photonic crystal, which consists of a hexagonal lattice of circular dielectric rods with Si. The paper presents the relationship between background refractive index and negative refraction. The relationship is investigated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method on software RSoft. The results point out that the output power is added with the increase of the background refractive index. With the research, a new fluid refractive index detection method is proposed. Compared with other normal liquid refractive index analyzer reported, this detector has advantages of faster detection, less stray light interference and miniaturization.