加捻纤维复合材料三维残余应力分析

本文提供一种对于含有加捻纤维束的复合材料由于固化而产生的热残余应力的分析研究.纤维束中的纤维经过加捻产生了一种螺旋形状,这种形状所产生的三维热弹性力学问题可以利用能量法获得解答.这个问题的热残余应力场可以表示为纤维、基体材料的性质以及纤维束几何参数的函数.纤维/基体界面上的残余应力(包括环向和径向的应力)都可以从这些分析中得到.本文分析的结果表明:加捻纤维束构成的复合材料,由于纤维的适当加捻,可以减弱由于纤维与基体各具不同的热膨胀系数而产生的热固化残余应力.     

不用Kirchhoff－Love假定的三维弹性板近似理论及其边界条件

经典弹性板理论采用了着名的克希霍夫(Kirchhoff)[1]-拉甫(Love)[2]的经典基本假定,在卡氏张量坐标xi(ι=0,1,2)中,这些基本假定是:(1)略去横向即x0轴向正应变,即假定e(00)=0;(2)略去横向剪应变,即假定e0α=0,其中α=1,2;(3)略去横向正应力,即假定σ00=0.人们利用这些假定,建立了应变位移关系和应力位移关系,再利用应力平衡的三维方程,通过跨厚度的积分,找到弹性板中面上的各待定量所应满足的经典理论方程。前文[3,4,5],曾在不用克希霍夫-拉甫经典假定的弹性板三维理论中建立了一种近似理论,但并未证明这种近似理论的唯一性,也没有研究相应的近似边界条件。本文将用三维弹性体的广义变分原理[6]研究相同的问题。本文通过变分驻值条件,求得唯一的近似方程和相应的近似边界条件。本文详细研究了一级近似的平衡方程和近似边界条件。     

具周期洞的无限弹性平面第二基本问题

献[1]中讨论了一个周期单元只具一个洞的情况,本则类似[2]处理非周期的无限多连通域的方法,对一个周期带中有多个孔洞的第二基本问题进了讨论,建立了Fredhom方程。     

带弹性范围物质理论和背应力定义

在推广Lucchesi和Podio-Guidugli(1988)的带弹性范围物质理论的基础上,表明了背应力作为Cauchy应力空间中屈服面“中心”的定义存在问题.背应力是Lagrange型变量,只能定义在Lagrange型应力空间上.     

对称迭层矩形板的平面应力分析

常用的对称迭层板为各向异性板．根据平面应力问题的基本方程精确地用应力函数解法求得了各向异性板的一般解析解．推导出平面内应力和位移的一般公式,其中积分常数由边界条件来决定．一般解包括三角函数和双曲函数组成的解,它能满足4个边为任意边界条件的问题．还有代数多项式解,它能满足4个角的边界条件．因此一般解可用以求解任意边界条件下的平面应力问题．以4边承受均匀法向和切向载荷以及非均匀法向载荷的对称迭层方板为例,进行了计算和分析．     

基于曲梁弹性理论的弯曲覆岩变形及应力分析

引入适用于极坐标下曲梁的位移函数,通过理论分析得出用位移函数表示的曲梁控制方程和位移分量、应力分量.在此基础上,采用差分原理给出曲梁控制方程、位移分量和应力分量的差分代数方程.最后,采用数值计算方法,分析了煤层开采后弯曲覆岩的位移和应力分布特征,结果表明:1） 煤层开采后弯曲覆岩产生下沉变形;弯曲岩层环向位移既有拉伸也有压缩.2） 离开切眼不远处径向应力将达到峰值,径向应力由内边界向外逐渐增大;工作面后方不远处环向应力将达到峰值,环向应力较容易引起压缩破断;离开切眼不远处剪应力将达到峰值,对于小角度截面上的剪应力由内边界向外逐渐增大.研究结果为煤矿工程提供了科学依据与参考.     

两相饱和介质层与单相介质层应力-位移函数的传递与退化

根据Biot孔隙弹性介质动力控制方程,利用快、慢纵波的解耦,求得满足两相饱和介质位移-应力传播的一阶微分方程组.该方程组及传递函数能退化到单相介质的位移-应力传播微分方程组.利用界面应力-位移连续条件,分析了位移-应力从两相饱和介质向单相介质传播,构建了界面过渡传递矩阵.使原有的6×6阶应力-位移传递矩阵过渡为4×6阶矩阵,能与单相介质的4×4阶应力-位移传递矩阵结合.最后,采用经典的波传播模型对比验算了结果,它们一致吻合.     

基于指定应力方法的混凝土开裂的三维数值模拟

基于指定应力方法,根据线弹性理论推导出了一种新的混凝土开裂的空间有限元列式,根据该有限元公式编制了相应的C++计算程序.通过3个算例,将该文算法与理论结果以及ABAQUS中XFEM计算结果进行对比,验证了该文开裂算法的正确性.与常规开裂算法相比,该文开裂算法开裂积分点的应力一旦指定为零(开裂状态),在后续计算中将不会出现非零,不需要迭代过程去调整为零,大大减少了迭代次数和每次迭代过程中需要处理的数据量;相较于ABAQUS中的XFEM算法只能使用一阶单元,本文开裂算法可以使用二阶单元进行开裂计算,在其他计算环境相同的情况下对开裂区域和开裂状态的判断更准确,这为商业有限元软件采用二阶单元进行更精细的开裂计算提供了一种新的途径和算法.     

热弹性理论准静态问题解的一般公式及其应用

本文利用分解定理［１］求得热弹性理论的准静态问题在无限空间中的Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数组．从而，借助于文［２］中的互易定理建立了该问题解的一般公式．     

不用Kirchhoff—Love假定的三维弹性板近似理论及其边界条件

红典弹性板理论采用了著名的克希霍夫（Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ）－拉甫（Ｌｏｖｅ）的经典基本假定，在卡氏张量坐标ｘｉ（ｉ＝０，１，２）中，这些基本假定是：（１）略去横向即Ｘ０轴向正应变，即假定ｅ００＝０；（２）略去横向剪应变，即假定ｅ０ａ＝０，其中ａ＝１，２；（３）略去横向正应力，即假定σ００＝０。人们利用这些假定，建立了应变位移关系和应力位移关系，再利用应力平衡的三维方程，通过跨厚度的积分，找到弹性板中     

基于尺寸效应的无腹筋钢筋混凝土梁的剪切强度公式

取无腹筋钢筋混凝土梁的临界斜裂缝及其顶端横截面所截隔离体为研究对象,根据极限平衡法,建立平衡方程组.分析临界剪压区主应力与梁斜截面破坏形式的关系,并对临界剪压区进行应力分析,再应用Ba(z)ant提出的尺度律,得到同时适用于斜拉破坏和剪压破坏的无腹筋钢筋混凝土梁的剪切强度公式,其中,临界剪压区高度是该公式的未知参数.通过对Ba(z)ant试验数据库进行Levenberg-Marguardt非线性最小二乘曲线拟合,得到临界剪压区高度与各参数的幂指数关系.最后经与Collins试验数据库比较可知,相对于ACI 318-08和GB 50010-2010对应的剪切强度公式,所得的剪切强度公式能更好地与试验数据吻合,且和Ba(z)ant的剪切强度公式计算结果接近.     

钢筋混凝土筏基的挠度分析

本假设筏基为一搁量在三参数地基上的钢筋混凝土薄板，利用伽辽金法求解了受均布荷裁的四边固定的钢筋混凝土板，所得结果颇具广泛性，且清度较高。     

Tensile Characterization of FRP Rods for Reinforced Concrete Structures

The application of FRP rods as an internal or external reinforcement in new or damaged concrete structures is based on the development of design equations that take into account the mechanical properties of FRP material systems.The measurement of mechanical characteristics of FRP requires a special anchoring and protocol, since it is well known that these characteristics depend on the direction and content of fibers. In this study, an effective tensile test method is described for the mechanical characterization of FRP rods. Twelve types of glass and carbon FRP specimens with different sizes and surface characteristics were tested to validate the procedure proposed. In all, 79 tensile tests were performed, and the results obtained are discussed in this paper. Recommendations are given for specimen preparation and test setup in order to facilitate the further investigation and standardization of the FRP rods used in civil engineering.     

钢纤维混凝土冲击破坏特性GDEM软件模拟

钢纤维混凝土(steel fiber reinforced concrete,SFRC)是防护工程中最常用的结构材料,在爆炸、侵彻等强动载作用下,其往往处于高应变率的复杂应力状态. 目前,关于SFRC的动态力学性能的研究大多局限于一维应力和一维应变加载条件下,而关于三向应力状态下的冲击压缩特性研究较少. 该文采用基于连续-非连续介质力学的数值仿真软件GDEM-BlockDyna,模拟了围压对SFRC动态力学性能和破坏模式的影响. 结果表明：围压下SFRC的峰值应力和峰值应变均随着应变率的提高有不同程度的增大,但围压会抑制SFRC冲击压缩强度的率效应. GDEM能较逼真地模拟应变率和围压对材料动态力学的影响,与有限元方法相比,GDEM能够更好地模拟SFRC从完整到破坏的过程及特征,且对SFRC峰值应力后的破坏阶段的描述模拟更加准确.     

Elastic Deformation of Dispersely Failing Unidirectionally Reinforced Composites

A phenomenological model is proposed for describing the elastic deformation of a unidirectionally reinforced composite capable of accumulating scattered microdamages during its loading. The composite is considered as a homogeneous transversely isotropic solid. Its damaged state at every point is characterized by a centrally symmetric scalar function on the unit sphere (the damage function), which is used to account for variations in the elastic properties of the material during its deformation. The damage itself depends on the history of some equivalent strain, for which four simplified variants are suggested. The relation between strains and stresses is defined in a differential form. Dependences are presented for determining all unknown constants from simple mechanical experiments. As an example, an actual unidirectionally reinforced GFRP is considered, for which the main two-dimensional sections of corresponding failure surfaces are also constructed.     

Cracking Analysis of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members

The paper is dedicated to the cracking analysis of FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer)-reinforced concrete elements. A general nonlinear calculation procedure, based on the slip and bond stresses, is described and adopted for the prediction of the crack width and crack spacing in FRP-reinforced concrete beams. An analytical expression of the bond-slip law is estimated using the corresponding experimental results available in the literature. A numerical investigation is carried out and the influence of the mechanical and geometrical parameters of the material (bond-slip law, reinforcement ratio, concrete strength, diameter of rebars, etc.) on the crack formation is investigated. Referring to glass-FRP-reinforced concrete beams, a comparison between the theoretical predictions and experimental results is made. The results obtained are presented and discussed.     

Modeling of the Behavior of Concrete Tension Members Reinforced with FRP Rods

The paper is devoted to the analysis of cracking and deformability of concrete tension members reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rods. A theoretical nonlinear model, derived from a cracking analysis founded on slip and bond stresses, is adopted for evaluating the crack width, crack spacing, and elongation of tension members. The procedure takes into account the local bond-slip law, experimentally determined by means of pullout tests, and allows us to evaluate the influence of tensile stiffening. The analysis is performed with considering all parameters influencing the behavior of tension members, such as the concrete strength, the kind of FRP rebars, the surface treatment of FRP rebars, and the concrete cover thickness. The theoretical predictions are compared with available experimental results, obtained on cylindrical concrete specimens reinforced with carbon FRP (CFRP) rods, and with predictions of the traditional models usually adopted for design purposes.     

搭接焊缝内应力分布规律的准确解

本文给出了搭接焊缝内应力分布规律的准确解，从而使评价以往的有关研究成果、改进迄今采用的设计方法和设计规范成为可能。     

Influence of the Interaction between Two Neighboring Periodically Curved Fibers on the Stress Distribution in a Composite Material

A method is developed for a stress analysis in an infinite elastic body containing two neighboring periodically cophasaly curved fibers located along two parallel lines. The stress distribution is studied when the body is loaded at infinity by uniformly distributed normal forces in the fiber direction. The investigation is carried out within the framework of a piecewise homogeneous body model with the use of exact three-dimensional equations of elasticity theory. Numerical results related to the stress distribution considered and the influence of interaction between the fibers on this distribution are given.     

混凝土搅拌站的选址问题研究

混凝土搅拌站的选址,在施工中占有十分重要的地位.针对混凝土需求随时间不规则变化的情况以及混凝土有效期短等特点,提出了混凝土需求不规则变化的选址模型.该模型把选址与各个时间段的资源配置结合起来确定混凝土搅拌站的位置,在保证需求最大限度得到满足的同时,使选址能够兼顾到尽可能多的需求点,最大化搅拌站的利润.应用该模型和算法成功地解决了一个实际问题,算例验证了模型和算法的有效性.