碳纤维增强复合材料板中Ⅰ型裂纹扩展方向预测理论研究

对含裂纹碳纤维增强的复合材料层合板进行了裂纹扩展方向预测理论的研究．介绍了一种新的复合材料Z断裂理论,在裂纹尖端Z因子的定义中引入了新概念:面内平均应变,面内膨胀应变能密度因子和交互特征函数．并通过理论分析和实验测试证明了Z断裂理论的正确性．     

圆形杂质对裂纹扩展的影响

在单轴拉伸载荷作用下，运用分布位错方法对无限大平面内含有一个裂纹和一个任意方向的杂质问题进行求解，得到了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子、应力场以及应变能密度.利用最小应变能密度因子准则来判断裂纹扩展方向.结果显示:软杂质对裂纹尖端应力强度因子、应变能密度和应力场有增强作用，而硬杂质则具有屏蔽作用.在 -30°<θ<30°范围内，杂质对裂纹扩展方向的影响较小，而在 -90°<θ<-30°或30°<θ<90°范围内，杂质对裂纹扩展方向的影响较大.软杂质对裂纹扩展有吸引作用，而硬杂质具有排斥作用.     

有限元方法形成三维Michell桁架

提出了形成三维Michell桁架的有限元方法．采用正交异性纤维增强复合材料模型模拟Michell桁架．纤维在节点处的密度和方向作为基本设计变量．根据有限元分析得到节点位置的应力和应变．采用迭代方法,将纤维方向调整到主应力方向;根据纤维方向的应变改变纤维密度. 仅需少量迭代即可得到满足Michell准则的应变场和类桁架连续体．最后根据节点处的纤维方向用连续线表示出Michell桁架．几个算例表明了算法的有效性和计算效率．     

准各向同性复合材料弹性和强度的各向异性效应(Ⅱ)──应用与细观力学分析*

文献中尚未见到针对准各向同性复合材料的各向异性效应对复合材料结构影响的分析。本文在第(Ⅰ)部分[1]所提出的强度准则模型的基础上,给出了复合材料各向异性特性在含椭圆孔和单个裂纹问题中的具体应用。在椭圆孔问题中分析了远场载荷随材料几何参数变化的规律;在含裂纹问题中分析了裂纹扩展方向随裂纹方向的变化规律。最后,用细观力学方法分析了一类三轴编织复合材料的弹性本构方程和强度准则,以及各向异性效应,得到了与实验和第(Ⅰ)部分理论模型相一致的结果。     

复合材料单层板非弹性主方向的裂纹尖端应变能释放率

本文研究线弹性正交异性复合材料单层板非弹性主方向的断裂问题.推出了非弹性主方向坐标系和弹性主方向坐标系的特征根和柔度系数的变换公式.将裂纹尖端应力与位移代入应变能释放率的基本公式,得到了在斜对称载荷作用下,用弹性主方向坐标系的工程参量表示的裂纹尖端应变能释放率的计算公式.     

利用有裂纹与无裂纹J积分之差分析裂纹扩展能量释放率

用有裂纹与无裂纹时的远场J积分之差分析了无限大平面中心裂纹的能量释放率,材料形式分别为均匀和层状材料,裂纹垂直于拉伸方向,层状材料界面平行于拉伸方向.有裂纹与无裂纹J积分之差表示载荷作用下的无裂纹材料引入裂纹所导致的J积分变化.对于均匀材料无限大平面中心裂纹,能量释放率等于对称轴处应变能密度释放量沿对称轴的积分,其值等于无裂纹时的应变能密度乘以一个以裂纹半长为半径的圆周长.对于层状材料无限大平面中心裂纹,能量释放率等于对称轴处应变能密度释放量沿对称轴的积分减去界面J积分的改变量.     

一维六方准晶非周期平面内中心开口裂纹的平面热弹性问题

考虑裂纹内部介质的热传导率,研究了一维六方准晶非周期平面内含中心开口裂纹的平面热弹性问题.利用Fourier积分变换技术,得到了热应力、裂纹尖端处的热应力强度因子和应变能密度因子的封闭解.数值结果讨论了裂纹内部介质的热传导率、外载荷及声子场-相位子场耦合系数对热应力强度因子和应变能密度因子的影响.结果表明,声子场-相位子场耦合系数对裂纹扩展影响较大.当声子场载荷较小或热流密度较大时,裂纹不易扩展,热流密度在裂纹尖端处会出现集中热效应.随着裂纹内部介质热传导率的增大,热流密度逐渐增加而热应力强度因子逐渐减小.该文所得结果为准晶热力学性质的实际应用提供了理论依据,进而可用于优化准晶元器件的设计和制备.     

准各向同性复合材料弹性和强度的各向异性效应（Ⅱ）——应用与…

文献中尚未见到针对准各向同性复合材料的各向异性效应对复合材料结构影响的分析。本文在第（Ⅰ）部分所提出的强度准则模型的基础上，给出了复合材料各向异性特性在含椭圆孔和单个裂纹问题中的具体应用。在椭圆孔问题中分析了远场荷随材料几何参数变化地规律；在含裂纹问题中分析了裂纹扩展方向裂纹方向的变化规律。     

纤维增韧材料的损伤理论

本文研究了单向纤维增强材料的损伤理论。我们考虑了基体中预先存在的微裂纹的张开、扩展及其附近双位移区的力学机制,即纤维脱胶、摩擦滑动等,建立了裂纹面上由纤维承受的应力所满足的积分方程。把双相区的厚度和裂纹尺寸作为两类不同的损伤变量,分别建立了演化方程。对基本积分方程给出了近似解,其结果与由Hankel变换给出的精确解吻合很好。在近似解的基础上给出了复合材料的有效应力强度因子和基体裂纹扩展条件,并给出了考虑损伤过程的完整应力应变关系。     

高速运动裂纹扩展和分叉现象的近场动力学数值模拟

首先介绍了近场动力学的基本理论,然后以两个实例分析了高速运动裂纹的扩展及分叉现象.分析了近场动力学参数(邻域半径、相邻节点距)及外部参数(材料的弹性模量、密度、温度改变量)等对裂纹分叉的速度和角度的影响并进行了对比分析,数值结果表明:随着邻域半径的增大,裂纹传播速度逐渐减少而裂纹分叉角度逐渐增加;随着相邻节点间距的增加,裂纹的传播速度逐渐减少而裂纹分叉角度也逐渐减少;裂纹分叉长度偏向于弹性模量小和密度大的材料;裂纹传播速度随着弹性模量差值的增大而增大,随着密度差值的减小而增大,同时随着外界温度改变量的增大而减少.近场动力学能自发地模拟裂纹扩展和分叉,不需要借助任何外部准则,不需要预先设置裂纹扩展路径,因此它具有天然的优势.     

Fracture and Damage Analysis of Crimped Glass Fibre Truss Type Elements

The paper deals with the damage behaviour of special glass fibre reinforced plastic truss type elements, called Polystal profiles, which are widely used as load bearing cables. To connect these profiles with other structural elements steelmade hulls are crimped onto the profiles. The challenge is to detect the optimal crimping ratio (CR) to realize maximum longitudinal loads in restraint systems. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) several damage states like fibre pullout and matrix cracking could be observed. To describe the failure behaviour within the rod during crimping a 3D strain based fracture criterion was developed and implemented within the commercial finte element package Abaqus. The verification of this criterion is done by simulating the crimping process followed by tensile tests. The numerical results are compared with the experiments and with the results obtained by SEM. An outlook on further work to improve the failure prediction is given. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

塑料封装集成电路结构热应力分布的解析解

由于集成电路的硅芯片与其周围的塑料封装材料热膨胀系数的不协调,产生的热残余力会直接导致封装结构的破坏及集成电路的失效.将硅芯片的角点结构模化成半无限大楔体,求得了热应力分布的解析解.在此基础上,应用应变能密度因子准则评价电子封装结构角点处的开裂强度及开裂方向.     

Treatment of the composite fabric’s shaping using a Lagrangian formulation

In this paper, we are interested in the simulation of prepreg composite deformation by deep-drawing and laying-up. It uses new bi-component finite elements made of woven material in which the nodal interior loads are deduced from fibre tensile strain energy and not polymerized resin membrane energy. Specific treatment is used to analyze the frictional-contact problem between the deformable prepreg composite and the steel rigid tools. The frictional-contact method is based on the Lagrangian formulation and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Some numerical tests are given to investigate the performance of the numerical strategies.     

The onset of mixed-mode intralaminar cracking in a cross-ply composite laminate

The intralaminar fracture toughness of a unidirectionally reinforced glass/epoxy composite is determined experimentally at several mode I and mode II loading ratios. The crack propagation criterion, expressed as a quadratic form in terms of single-mode stress intensity factors (alternatively, linear in terms of energy release rates), approximates the test results reasonably well. The mixed-mode cracking criterion obtained is used to predict the intralaminar crack on set in a cross-ply glass/epoxy composite under off-axis tensile loading. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 785–794, November–December, 2008.     

On three-dimensional fibrous flaws in unidirectional fibre reinforced elastic composites

This paper examines the problem of the stress concentration at a flaw in a unidirectional fibre reinforced composite. The geometry of the flaw corresponds to a spheroidal region in which the reinforcing fibres exhibit continuity across the flaw surface. The composite containing the flaw is subjected to a uniaxial stress field which acts along the fibre direction. An exact solution is devoloped for the stress concentration factor at the reinforced flaw boundary. Typical numerical results presented in the paper illustrate the manner in which the stress concentration at the bridged flaw is influenced by the fibre volume fraction, the fibre-matrix modular ratio and the flaw geometry.     

中厚度复合材料夹芯层板变分渐近精细模型

为准确预测对中厚度复合材料夹芯层板分层开裂至关重要的沿厚向应力/应变分布,利用板固有小参数将原三维板分析严格拆分为沿厚向的一维分析和二维板非线性分析,并将原三维能量渐近扩展为系列二维近似能量泛函;通过对近似能量泛函中主导变分项(含翘曲项)的渐近修正,得到与原三维模型尽可能接近的近似能量,从而构建无需任何场变量假设的精细模型,并转换为工程常用的Reissner模型形式．通过4层复合材料夹芯板柱形弯曲算例表明:基于所构建模型重构的三维场精度较一阶剪切变形理论和经典层合理论更好,与精确解基本一致;由于所构建的变分渐近模型为等效单层板模型,在保证足够精度的前提下,相比三维有限元计算可减少2~3阶计算量,在精确性和有效性间取得较好的折衷．     

Fracture in Ceramic-Matrix Composites Reinforced with Strongly Bonded Metal Particles

The resistance of a ceramic matrix composite to the cleavage cracking across a field of strongly bonded, uniformly distributed metal particles is studied. The crack trapping and bridging effects of the metal particles are analyzed by means of calculating the strain energy and the traction work. An explicit expression for the critical energy release rate as a function of particle volume fraction has been obtained. The fracture resistance is independent of elastic properties of the matrix and the sample geometry and is predominantly determined by the size/spacing ratio of the particles. It is shown that the theoretical curves agree with experimental data quite well. The methodology developed in this article can be used in studying the fracture resistances of composites with high filler contents and irregular filler geometries.__________Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 303–318, May–June, 2005.