对Fuzzy测度的进一步探讨

本文在[1]、[2]的基础上,对Fuzzy测度作了进一步的讨论,得出了Fuzzy测度的几个重要性质:单调性、可减性、下连续性及线性;进而证明了Fuzzy测度与一般测度的一个关系式——Fuzzy测度表示定理:设(XF~0)是任一可测空间,F表示所有F~0可测的Fuzzy集的全体,μ是F上的一个Fuzzy测度,则存在F~0上的一个测度μ~0,使得:(?)A∈F,有μ(A)=integral from n=X to A(x)dμ~0     

Equivalent Characterization of Centralizers on B(H)

Let H be a Hilbert space with dim H≥2 and Z∈B(H) be an arbitrary but fixed operator.In this paper we show that an additive map Φ:B(H)→B(H) satisfies Φ(AB)=Φ(A)B=AΦ(B)for any A,B∈B(H) with AB=Z if and only if Φ(AB)=Φ(A)B=AΦ(B),A,B ∈B(H),that is,Φ is a centralizer.Similar results are obtained for Hilbert space nest algebras.In addition,we show that Φ(A~2)=AΦ(A)=Φ(A)A for any A∈B(H) with A~2=0 if and only if Φ(A)=AΦ(I)=Φ(I)A,A∈B(H),and generalize main results in Linear Algebra and its Application,450,243–249(2014) to infinite dimensional case.New equivalent characterization of centralizers on B(H) is obtained.     

统计收敛的测度理论

建立统计收敛的测度理论已经成为统计收敛研究领域的核心问题, 因为一种合理的理论不仅是把各种统计收敛统一起来, 而且是统计收敛通向测度理论、积分理论、概率论和数理统计的桥梁. 基于这个原因, 首先 证明了由N 的所有子集生成的σ-代数$\mathscr{A}$ 上的所有有限可加概率测度的表示定理; 证明了每个有限可加概率测度都可以唯一的分解为一个可数可加概率测度和一个统计测度(即一个有限可加概率测度μ, 对任意的单 点集{k} 有μ(k)=0)的凸组合. 本文还证明了经典统计测度的许多良好性质, 例如: 由所有经典统计测度组成的集合$\mathscr{S}$ 在$\mathscr{A}$上赋予逐点收敛的拓扑就成为紧凸的~Hausdorff 空间; 每一个经典统计测度都是连续型的~(所以是缺原子的); 对N中的任意子集，每一类特殊的统计测度都满足互余极大极小原理; 每一类统计收敛都可以在统计测度的意义下得到统一.     

关于测度的一个收敛定理

本文的目的是证明关于测度的一个收敛定理。由此定理我们得出了关于弱Feller转移概率函数有强Feller性的一个充分必要条件。§1.设为—可侧空间,μ,μ_1,μ_2,…都是定义在上的测度。称测度叙列{μ_n}收敛于测度μ,若对任何有limμ_n(A)=μ(A)。根据测度论中已知的事实,若假定limμ_n(A)对任何存在且有限,则这一极限必为上的测度。但若只     

争鸣

问题问题109已知函数f(x)满足:f(x y) f(x-y)=2f(x)·f(y),且f(0)≠f(π2)=0,求f(π)及f(2π)的值.解法1令x=y=0,得f(0)=1.令x=y=π2,得f(π)=-1.令x=y=π,得f(2π)=1.解法2令x=y=0,得f(0)=1.令x=32π,y=π2,得f(2π)=-f(π).再令x=y=π,得f(2π) 1=2f2(π),∴2f2(π) f(π)-1=0.∴f(π)=12或f(π)=-1,从而f(2π)=-12或f(2π)=1.问题出在哪里?问题110人教版高一数学(上)P8,有下面一段话:容易知道,对于集体A,B,C,如果A B,B C,那么A C.事实上,设x是集合A的任意一个元素,因为A B,所以x∈B,又因为B C,所以x∈C,从而A C.这个证明严格吗?…     

解概率题慎套公式

在解概率问题时 ,有的同学见到公式就急忙套用 ,也不管题目是否具备运用公式的条件 ,结果容易导致错误 .例 1　已知A、B为两互斥事件 ,且P(A)=0 .3 ,P(B) =0 .5 ,试求P(A +B)与P(A·B) .错解　∵　P(A) =0 .3 ,　P(B) =0 .5 ,∴　P(A) =0 .7,　P(B) =0 .5 ,∴　P(A +B) =P(A) +P(B)=0 .7+ 0 .5 =1.2 ;　　P(A·B) =P(A)·P(B)=0 .7× 0 .5 =0 .3 5 .分析　运用公式“P(A +B) =P(A ) +P(B)”的前提条件应是“A与B互斥” ,而运用公式“P(A·B) =P(A)·P(B)”的前提条件应是“A与B相互独立” ,但从该题的条件“已知A、B…     

向量值哈代-洛伦茨空间

对于1r∞与巴拿哈空间B=L~r(Ω,F,μ),我们研究了欧几里得空间R~n上B-值缓分布构成的哈代-洛伦茨空间H~(p,q)(R~n,B)及哈代-洛伦茨空间之间的内插,其中0p∞和0q≤∞,获得了H~(p,q)(R~n,B)的一系列等价的刻画及其原子分解.若Ω={1},则H~(p,q)(R~n,B)=H~(p,q)(R~n)是经典的情形;若Ω=Z是整数集且μ是Z上的计数测度并且r=2,0p∞及q=∞,则H~(p,q)(R~n,B)=H~(p,∞)(R~n,e~2)转化为Grafakos和He在文[Weak Hardy spaces,Preprint,2014]中讨论的情形.     

Iterative Solutions for a Non-monotone BinaryOperator Equations and Operator System of Equations

By using the theory of the cone and partial ordering. It is studied that the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a non-monotone binary operator equation A(x, x)= x and operator system of equations A(x,x)=x,B(x,x)=x in Banach spaces. Where A and B can be decomposed A=A1+A2, B=B1+B2,A1 and B1 are mixed monotone, A2 and B2 are anti-mixed monotone. The results presented here improve and generalize some corresponding results of mixed monotone operator equations.     

两个三角形垂心相同的充要条件

在非直角三角形ABC中,A1,B1,C1分别是直线BC,CA,AB上的点,且满足:AC1=λC1B,BA1=μA1C,CB1=t B1A,其中λ,μ,t均不为-1.图1如图1,设∠A,∠B,∠C所对的边分别为a,b,c,下面我们来讨论△ABC与△A1B1C1有相同垂心的充要条件.不妨设点H为△ABC的垂心,则有BH·AC=0,CH·AB=0.因此BH·AB=(BC CH)·AB=BC·AB.由于A1H=BH-BA1=BH-1 μμBC,B1C1=AC1-AB1=1 λλAB-11 tAC,所以A1H·B1C1=(BH-1 μμBC)·(1 λλAB-1 1tAC)=1 λλBH·AB-(1 λ)λ(μ1 μ)BC·AB-11 tBH·AC (1 μ)μ(1 t)BC·AC=1 λλBC…     

环与算子代数上中心化子的刻画

令R是含有单位元I和一非平凡幂等元P的环.假设Φ:R→R是可加映射,A,B∈R.本文证明了,在一些徽弱的假设下,下列表述成立:(1)Φ满足AB=P蕴涵Φ(A)B=AΦ(B)=Φ(P)当且仅当Φ是中心化子;(2)Φ满足AB+BA=P蕴涵Φ(A)B+Φ(B)A=Φ(P)(AΦ(B)+BΦ(A)=Φ(P))当且仅当圣是左(右)中心化子;(3)Φ满足AB+BA=0蕴涵Φ(A)B+Φ(B)A=0(AΦ(B)+BΦ(A)=0)当且仅当Φ是左(右)中心化子.作为应用,获得了三角代数、套代数、因子von Neumann代数等算子代数上中心化子的刻画.     

Control subspaces of minimal dimension. Elementary introduction. Discotheca

In this paper there is introduced and studied the following characteristic of a linear operator A acting on a Banach space Χ: , where Cyc A=R∶R is a subspace of Χ, dim R<+∞. Spqn (AⁿR∶n?0)=χ. Always disc A ?μ_A=(the multiplicity of the spectrum of the operator (dim R∶R∈Cyc A), where (by definition) in each A-cyclic subspace there is contained a cyclic subspace of dimension ? disc A. For a linear dynamical system x(t)=Ax(t)+Bu,(t) which is controllable, the characteristic disc A of the evolution operator A shows how much the control space can be diminished without losing controllability. In this paper there are established some general properties ofdisc (for example, conditions are given under which disc(A⊕B))=max(discA, disc B); disc is computed for the following operators: S (S is the shift in the Hardy space H²); disc S=2, (but μ_S=i); disc S _n ^* =n (butμ=1), where S_n=S⊕. ⊕S; disc S=2, (but μ_S=1), where S is the bilateral shift. It is proved that for a normal operator N with simple spectrum, disc N=μ_N=1 ? (the operator N is reductive). There are other results also, and also a list of unsolved problems.     

An Abstract Banach-Steinhaus Theorem and Applications to Function Spaces

We give an abstract Banach-Steinhaus theorem for locally convex spaces having suitable algebras of linear projections modelled on a σ-finite measure space. This theorem is applied to deduce barrelledness results for the space L∞ (μ, E) of essentially bounded and μ-measurable functions from a Radon measure space (Ω, σ, μ) into a locally convex space E and also for B (μ, E), the closure of the space of simple functions. Sample: if μ is atomless, then B (μ, E) is barrelled if and only if E is quasi-barrelled and E′(β (E′, E)) has the property (B) of Pietsch.     

Nest代数的Jacobson根的μ-核值保持映射

设算子代数Ａ　Ｂ（Ｈ），μ（Ａ）表示Ａ中的部分等距算子全体，若ｐ是Ａ到Ｂ（Ｈ）的线性映射，且对任意的ＵＥｕ（Ａ），有叫Ｕ）（ｋｅｃＵ）Ｇｒ“ｈＣｒ，则称　是Ａ上的μ－核值保持映射。本文将证明：Ｎｅｓｔ代数的Ｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎ根上的范数拓扑连续的μ－核值保持映射是广义内导子。     

拟线性系统的概周期解的存在性

<正> 考虑拟线性微分方程系 dX/dt=A(t)X十f(t)十μF(X,t,μ),(1)其中A(t)是t的n阶连续方阵,x是n向量,f(t),F(X,t,μ)是各变量的n连续向量,μ真是小参数. 当A(t)是常数方阵,f(t),F(X,t,μ)是t的一致概周期向量函数,Coddington,Levinson,等人建立了(1)的周期解的存在定理.此可参考[1]和[2].对A(t)为常数方阵,f(t),F(X,t,μ)是t的一致概周期向量函数,更进一步建立了(1)的概周期解的存在定理.     

Characterizations of Centralizable Mappings on Algebras of Locally Measurable Operators

A linear mapping φ from an algebra A into its bimodule M is called a centralizable mapping at G ∈ A if φ(AB)=φ(A)B=Aφ(B) for each A and B in A with AB=G. In this paper, we prove that if M is a von Neumann algebra without direct summands of type I₁ and type II, A is a *-subalgebra with M ⊆ A ⊆ LS(M) and G is a fixed element in A, then every continuous (with respect to the local measure topology t(M)) centralizable mapping at G from A into M is a centralizer.     

RBMO(μ)与θ(t)型Calderón-Zygmund算子的交换子的有界性

设μ是Rd上的Randon测度,其唯一需要满足的条件是增长条件:μ(B(x,r))≤Crn对任意x∈Rd,r＞0成立,0＜n≤d.本文中,在这种非双倍测度下证明了RBMO(μ)与θ(t)型Calderón-Zygmund算子的交换子是L∞(μ)到RBMO(μ)有界的,同时还建立了该交换子H1b(μ)到L1(μ)的有界性.     

Equivalent characterization of centralizers on <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)

Let H be a Hilbert space with dim H≥2 and Z∈ß(H) be an arbitrary but fixed operator. In this paper we show that an additive map Φ:ß(H) → ß(H) satisfies Φ(AB)=Φ(A)B=AΦ(B) for any A,B∈ß(H) with AB=Z if and only if Φ(AB)=Φ(A)B=AΦ(B), ∀A, B∈ß(H), that is, Φ is a centralizer. Similar results are obtained for Hilbert space nest algebras. In addition, we show that Φ(A²)=AΦ(A)=Φ(A)A for any A∈ ß(H) with AA²=0 if and only if Φ(A)=AΦ(I)=Φ(I)A, ∀A∈ß(H), and generalize main results in Linear Algebra and its Application, 450, 243-249 (2014) to infinite dimensional case. New equivalent characterization of centralizers on ß(H) is obtained.     

环面上的微分方程(Ⅰ)

<正> 关于定义在环面上的微分方程,其积分曲线的拓扑研究开始於 H.Poincaré,经过Bohl 及 Denjoy 等的补充瑟发展,对于不具有奇点的情形,在 Kneser 的工作中便基本上完成了.在拓年结构的研究中,旋转数μ的研究是占有决定性的位置的.但是,过去的文献中对于如何由已给的具体方程去算出μ的值是当作一个未解决的难题遗留下來的.如果沒有方法计算μ,也就不能具体地应用上述各文中所得到的完整的拓扑理论.本文及以后各文将对这一问题进行研究和逐步设法解决.     

To solving problems of algebra for two-parameter matrices. III

The paper continues the series of papers devoted to surveying and developing methods for solving algebraic problems for two-parameter polynomial and rational matrices of general form. It considers linearization methods, which allow one to reduce the problem of solving an equation F(λ, μ)x = 0 with a polynomial two-parameter matrix F(λ, μ) to solving an equation of the form D(λ, μ)y = 0, where D(λ, μ) = A(μ)-λB(μ) is a pencil of polynomial matrices. Consistent pencils and their application to solving spectral problems for the matrix F(λ, μ) are discussed. The notion of reducing subspace is generalized to the case of a pencil of polynomial matrices. An algorithm for transforming a general pencil of polynomial matrices to a quasitriangular pencil is suggested. For a pencil with multiple eigenvalues, algorithms for computing the Jordan chains of vectors are developed. Bibliography: 8 titles. Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 359, 2008, pp. 166–207.     

Open-Invariant Measures and the Covering Number of Sets

A result of J. Mycielski says that on every metric space (X, ?) with a non-empty compact thick set C ? X there exists a regular open-invariant Borel measure μ with μ(C) = 1. μ is called open-invariant if μ(A) = μ(B) for open isometric sets A, B ? X. We relate this result to the notion of a Hewitt-Stromberg measure and give a new independent existence proof for such an open-invariant measure μ on a compact metric space (X, ?). This proof works by induction, the well-known metric outer measure construction of Caratheodory-Hausdorff and a new property of the covering number N(X, q) of X.