由于波响应反演声阻抗的特征带方法

1．引言子波激发下的反演问题通常是不适定的，如何构造稳定、高效的算法是反问题研究中的重要课题．当前的波动方程反演方法主要有两类：特征线方法和最优化方法［1］．特征线方法是数值求解波动方程反问题的一种重要而有效的方法，它的基本思想是沿着波动方程上、下行波的特征传播方向逐层推进，并按照因果律求解．关于这方面的早期工作可参看［7］．在［2］中证明了脉冲激发下一维波动方程系数反问题的适定性，为这一方法提供了理论基础．随后，［4］讨论了特征线方法的差分计算的收敛性，［5，6］提供了成功的数值计算实例．近来人们逐…     

多孔介质驱动问题的混合元最小二乘特征有限元方法及其收敛分析

１．引言多孔介质二相驱动问题的数学模型是偶合的非线性偏微分方程组的初边值问题．该问题可转化为压力方程和浓度方程［１－４］．浓度方程一般是对流占优的对流扩散方程,它的对流速度依赖于比浓度方程的扩散系数大得多的Ｆａｒｃｙ速度．因此Ｄａｒｃｙ速度的求解精度直接影响着浓度的求解精度．为了提高速度的求解精度,７０年代Ｐ．Ａ．Ｒａｖｉａｔ和Ｊ．Ｍ．Ｔｈｏｍａｓ提出混合有限元方法［５］．Ｊ．ＤｏｕｇｌａｓＪｒ,Ｔ．Ｆ．Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ,Ｒ．Ｅ．Ｅｗｉｎｇ,Ｍ．Ｆ．Ｗｈｅｅｌｅｒ［１］－［４］,［９］,［１２］袁…     

一个求解多维守恒律方程组的二阶显式有限元格式

１．引言 近年来,在非结构网格上求解双曲型守恒律的数值方法引起了较为广泛的关注,出现了有限体积方法［１］,间断 Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法 ［２］,流线扩散方法［３］,以及 ＮＮＤ格式 ［４］等．我们在［６,７］中提出了一种求解双曲型守恒律方程式的有限元方法,它是在一个求解对流扩散问题的有限元方法 ［５］的基础上发展起来的．它是一个显式有限元方法,因此计算量很小．在这个方法中,我们将任意维的问题归结为在单元棱边上的一维计算,引入了积分因子,因此在单元内部可以容纳边界层．这样,它特别适合于对流占优问题以及双曲…     

对流扩散方程一类改进的特征线修正有限元方法

１引言在地下水污染,地下渗流驱动,核污染,半导体等问题的数值模拟中,均涉及抛物型对流扩散方程（或方程组）的数值求解问题．这些对流扩散型偏微分方程（或方程组）具有共同的特点：对流的影响远大于扩散的影响,即对流占优性,对流占优性给问题的数值求解带来许多困难,因此对流占优问题的有效数值解法一直是计算数学中重要的研究内容．用通常的差分法或有限元法进行数值求解将出现数值振荡．为了克服数值振荡,提出各种迎风方法和修正的特征方法并在这些问题上得到成功的实际应用、８０年代,Ｄｏｕｇｌａｓ和Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ［２］等…     

非线性对流扩散问题的差分-流线扩散法

1．引言流线扩散法（简称SD方法）是由Huzhes和Brooks在1980年前后提出的一种数值求解对流占优扩散问题的新型有限元算法．随后，Johnson和N8vert将SD方法推广到发展型对流扩散问题（［1］，［2］，［3］）．熟知，对于对流扩散问题，标准有限元法虽具有高阶精度，但常产生数值振荡；古典人工粘性Galerkin法更具有较好的稳定性，但仅具有一阶精度．而（SD方法兼具良好的数值稳定性和高阶精度，因此得到了越来越多的重视，对于发展型对流扩散问题，传统的SD方法均采用时空有限元．这样做，虽然可使时间和空间方向上的精度很好的协调起…     

对流扩散方程区域分裂特征差分方法

1引言对流扩散方程是许多物理问题的数学模型,研究其稳定的数值解法具有重要的应用价值．而标准的差分法和有限元法通常会失效,出现数值振荡．80年代,Douglas和Russel提出了特征线方法,在一定程度上克服了数值振荡,保证了数值的稳定,尤其对“对流占优”问题,更能突出特征法的优越性,并有了大量的理论成果[1,2,3]．区域分裂是一种解决大规模的科学与工程计算问题的有效方法,Dawson,Du和Dupont对热传导方程给出了非重叠区域分裂格式及分析,由于内边界的显格式,需要一定的稳定性条件Δt≤CH2;而Du等在[5]给出了抛物方程的几种区域分裂格式,对区域分裂法的     

一族多步二阶导数方法的收缩性

１．引言 １９７８年 Ｎｅｖａｎｌｉｎｎａ和 Ｌｉｎｉｇｅｒ［１,２］研究了常微分方程初值问题的单支方法和线性多步法的收缩性,就基于线性模型方程的收缩性建立了比较完整的理论．他们指出,收缩方法比绝对稳定方法能更好地给出间断问题的数值解,因而研究数值方法的收缩性具有重要理论和实践意义． １９７４年 Ｅｎｒｉｇｈｔ［３］构造了 ｋ步 ｋ ＋ ２阶二阶导数方法由于它是Ａｄｍａｓ型的且只含一个二阶导数项,因而方法在原点附近具有较理想的稳定性和稳定程度（参见［７］）,同时在 ∞处是极端稳定的．赵双锁和董国雄 ［４］…     

二维非线性对流扩散方程的非振荡特征差分方法

１．引言 近十几年来,双曲守恒律问题的高分辨率格式已取得很大发展,具有局部自适应选取节点的非振荡插值算法（如 ＵＮＯ［１］, ＥＮＯ［２］等）在这些格式的构造中起着重要的作用．特征差分法是求解对流扩散问题的一种较为有效方法,但在求解具有陡峭前线问题时,也会产生非物理振荡阻（见４）．本文将把特征差分法与非振荡插值算法相结合构造对流扩散问题的高分辨率差分格式． ［１］中的 ＵＮＯ及［２］中的 ＥＮＯ插值都是一维的,有关讨论二维 ＵＮＯ及ＥＮＯ插值的文章还不多见,本文将构造二维基于六节点的二次非振荡插值以及…     

对流-扩散问题的特征──块中心差分法

１．引言１９８２年,Ｄｏｕｇｌａｓ和Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ［１］提出解对流一扩散问题的特征一差分方法,网格节点为均匀分布,求解区域为直线Ｒ．文中讨论了基于二次插值的特征一差分格式,但其近似解按离散Ｌ２模未达到最优阶误差估计．１９８８年Ｗｅｉｓｅｒ和Ｗｈｅｅｌｅｒ［２］提出解线性椭圆型和线性抛物型方程的块中心差分法,１９９１年王申林［３］讨论了解拟线性双曲型积分微分方程的块中心差分方法,其共同特点为近似解按离散的Ｌ２模达到最优阶误差估计,解的一阶导数的近似解达到超收敛误差估计．１９９３年由同顺［４］讨论了…     

二维抛物型积分微分方程动边界问题的有限元方法

１引言抛物型积微分方程,可广泛用于描述具有记忆的材料的热传导、气体扩散、松散介质中的压力等实际问题中的现象,具有重要研究意义．关于固定空间区域上该类方程的研究,可见文献［１］,［２］;关于动边界抛物型方程,梁国平等已有重要工作［３］,［４］;作者在文［５］中,研究了一维动边界抛物型积微分方程的数值方法．本文研究二维空间区域变动情形下此类方程初边值问题的全离散、半离散有限元逼近格式及有关数值分析．主要特点在于对动边界和时间积分项（Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ项）的处理．对于前者,通过空间变量代换,将问题化为定…     

二维对流扩散方程满足最大值原理的MMOCAA差分方法

Using FCT idea,the non-oscillation MMOCAA(The modified method of characteristics with adjusted advection) finite difference scheme satisfing the discrete maximum principle for convection-dominated diffusion equation in 2D is constructed.The scheme is free from oscillation,with which the problem is solved by the MMOCAA difference method based on 2-order Lag-range interpolation proposed by Jim.Douglas, Jr.(Numer.Math.,1999,83:353-369.). The error analysis of the new scheme and numerical example are given in the paper.The numerical example shows that the scheme has smaller numerical viscosity than the MMOCAA difference method based on bilineax Lagrange interpolation.     

The Conservation and Convergence of Two Finite Difference Schemes for KdV Equations with Initial and Boundary Value Conditions

Korteweg-de Vries equation is a nonlinear evolutionary partial differential equation that is of third order in space. For the approximation to this equation with the initial and boundary value conditions using the finite difference method, the difficulty is how to construct matched finite difference schemes at all the inner grid points. In this paper, two finite difference schemes are constructed for the problem. The accuracy is second-order in time and first-order in space. The first scheme is a two-level nonlinear implicit finite difference scheme and the second one is a three-level linearized finite difference scheme. The Browder fixed point theorem is used to prove the existence of the nonlinear implicit finite difference scheme. The conservation, boundedness, stability, convergence of these schemes are discussed and analyzed by the energy method together with other techniques. The two-level nonlinear finite difference scheme is proved to be unconditionally convergent and the three-level linearized one is proved to be conditionally convergent. Some numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the proposed finite difference schemes.     

对流扩散方程的三层WENO-MMOCAA差分方法

本文把三层修正特征线法,MMOCAA 差分方法及WENO 插值相结合,提出了求解对流扩散方程的三层WENO-MMOCAA 差分格式.此格式关于时间具有二阶精度,关于空间具有二阶以上精度且可避免基于二次以上Lagrange 插值的三层MMOCAA 差分方法在解的大梯度附近所产生的振荡.本文使用新的分析方法,给出了格式的误差估计.本文的数值算例表明新格式可消除振荡.     

A high order difference method for fractional sub-diffusion equations with the spatially variable coefficients under periodic boundary conditions

In this paper, we propose a difference scheme with global convergence order $O(\tau^{2}+h^4)$ for a class of the Caputo fractional equation. The difficulty caused by the spatially variable coefficients is successfully handled. The unique solvability, stability and convergence of the finite difference scheme are proved by use of the Fourier method. The obtained theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments.     

The characteristic finite difference streamline diffusion method for convection-dominated diffusion problems

In this paper, we consider the characteristic finite difference streamline diffusion method for two-dimensional convection-dominated diffusion problems. The scheme is combined the method of characteristics with the finite difference streamline diffusion (FDSD) method to create the characteristic FDSD (C-FDSD) procedures. Stability analysis and error estimate of the C-FDSD method are deduced. The scheme not only realizes the purpose of lowering the time-truncation error, using larger time step for solving the convection-dominated diffusion problems, but also keeps the favorable stability and high precision of the FDSD method. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the availability of the scheme.     

A compact difference scheme for fourth-order fractional sub-diffusion equations with Neumann boundary conditions

In this paper, a compact finite difference scheme with global convergence order $O(\tau^{2}+h^4)$ is derived for fourth-order fractional sub-diffusion equations subject to Neumann boundary conditions. The difficulty caused by the fourth-order derivative and Neumann boundary conditions is carefully handled. The stability and convergence of the proposed scheme are studied by the energy method. Theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments.     

Three-step UNO-MMOCAA Difference Method for Convection Diffusion Equation

By combing the three-step modified method of characteristics and MMO-CAA difference method with UNO interpolation, the three-step UNO-MMOCAA finite difference method is established for convection-dominated diffusion problems in this paper. The scheme is two-order accurate in space and time and is free from the     

对流扩散方程的一种新型差分格式

对流扩散方程可以描述众多的物理化学现象，因而对其寻求稳定的，实用的数值解法有着重要的现实意义。本文针对形式较一般的一维非定常对流扩散方程，构造了对角元严格占优的Crank-Nicholson差分格式，然后对其分别用分离变量的方法以及能量估计的方法作了稳定性的分析，最后给出了数值试验的结果，数值结果表明本文构造的格式能够较好的处理经典的Crank-Nicholson格式所不能处理的对流项系数较大的对流扩散方程，并具有较好的精度。     

A non‐standard finite difference scheme for an advection‐diffusion‐reaction equation

In this note, a non‐standard finite difference (NSFD) scheme is proposed for an advection‐diffusion‐reaction equation with nonlinear reaction term. We first study the diffusion‐free case of this equation, that is, an advection‐reaction equation. Two exact finite difference schemes are constructed for the advection‐reaction equation by the method of characteristics. As these exact schemes are complicated and are not convenient to use, an NSFD scheme is derived from the exact scheme. Then, the NSFD scheme for the advection‐reaction equation is combined with a finite difference space‐approximation of the diffusion term to provide a NSFD scheme for the advection‐diffusion‐reaction equation. This new scheme could preserve the fixed points, the positivity, and the boundedness of the solution of the original equation. Numerical experiments verify the validity of our analytical results. Copyright © 2014 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种多介质流体计算的三维非守恒型差分格式

Motivated by the need for three-dimensional methods for interface calculations we describe a 3D non-conservative difference scheme in Lagrange coordinates for calculating multi-component fluid dynamics, according to the thoughts of 2D non-conservative difference scheme and making use of difference method of characteristic and Upwind form. Furthermore, we give a three-dimensional numerical simulation of explosion in concrete, and the results of simulation are consistent with examination.