三角形内角的余弦方程及应用

设△ＡＢＣ的三边为ａ、ｂ、ｃ,ｐ＝１２（ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ）,内切圆、外接圆的半径分别为ｒ、Ｒ,则ｃｏｓＡ、ｃｏｓＢ、ｃｏｓＣ是方程,４Ｒ２ｘ３－４Ｒ（Ｒ＋ｒ）ｘ２＋（ｐ２＋ｒ２－４Ｒ２）ｘ＋（２Ｒ＋ｒ）２－ｐ２＝０（１）的三个根．证明在△ＡＢＣ中,由ｔｇＡ...     

直线方程x_0x y_0y=r~2的几何意义

我们知道：若已知圆的方程是ｘ２＋ｙ２＝ｒ２,则经过圆上一点Ｍ（ｘ０,ｙ０）的切线方程为：ｘ０ｘ＋ｙ０ｙ＝ｒ２（高中平面解析几何课本Ｐ６４例３）．由此,不难得出下面命题１亦成立．命题１若点Ｍ（ｘ０,ｙ０）在圆ｘ２＋ｙ２＝ｒ２上,则直线方程ｘ０ｘ＋ｙ０ｙ...     

巧用直线和圆的位置关系解题

命题　设直线ｌ：Ａｘ＋Ｂｙ＋Ｃ＝０（Ａ,Ｂ不同时为零）,⊙Ｏ：（ｘ－ａ）２＋（ｙ－ｂ）２＝Ｒ２,则ｌ与⊙Ｏ有交点｜Ａａ＋Ｂｂ＋Ｃ｜Ａ２＋Ｂ２≤Ｒ．本文举例说明这一命题在解题中的巧用．一、用于求最值（或值域）例１　如果实数ｘ,ｙ满足等式（ｘ－２）２＋ｙ２＝３,求ｕ＝ｙｘ的最大值．（１９９０年高考试题）解　由ｕ＝ｙｘ得ｕｘ－ｙ＝０,点（ｘ,ｙ）在直线ｕｘ－ｙ＝０以及圆（ｘ－２）２＋ｙ２＝３上．∴２ｕ－０１＋ｕ２≤１－３≤ｕ≤３,∴ｕｍａｘ＝３．例２　求函数ｕ＝２ｘ－１＋５－２ｘ的最大值．解　点（…     

抽象函数关系给出的对称性与周期性

命题１设函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）的定义域为Ｒ,且满足条件ｆ（ａ＋ｘ）＝ｆ（ｂ－ｘ）,则函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）的图象关于直线ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ２成轴对称．证明设函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）图象上任一点为Ｐ′（ｘ′,ｙ′）,它关于直线ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ２的对称点为Ｐ（ｘ,ｙ）,则ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ－ｘ′...     

运用直线系过定点巧解几何问题

若直线ｌ１：Ａ１ｘ＋Ｂ１ｙ＋Ｃ１＝０,ｌ２：Ａ２ｘ＋Ｂ２ｙ＋Ｃ２＝０相交于点Ａ,则方程（Ａ１ｘ＋Ｂ１ｙ＋Ｃ１）＋λ（Ａ２ｘ＋Ｂ２ｙ＋Ｃ２）＝０（λ为任意实数）是通过ｌ１和ｌ２的交点的直线系方程（除去ｌ２本身）．在解析几何问题中,有一类问题,如果用直线系过定点来解,则可使问题轻松地得以解决．例１　求证：无论ａ为何值,直线（ａ－２）ｙ＝（３ａ－１）ｘ－１都过第一象限．分析　此题从表面看,觉得很难下手,但若将ａ看作参数,则该直线即为直线系,若该直线系过的定点就在第一象限,那么问题就迎刃而解了．证明　将…     

圆的切线方程

圆的切线方程４３２１００湖北孝感楚环中学徐圣明《平面解析几何》中有结论：经过圆ｘ２＋ｙ２＝２’上一点Ｍ（ｘ０，ｙ０）的切线方程是ｘ０ｘ＋ｙ０ｙ＝ｒ２．由此命题，我们联想到它的两个道命题：Ⅰ若点Ｐ（ｘ１，ｙ１）在圆ｘ２＋ｙ２＝ｒ２上，则直线ｘ１ｘ＋ｙ１...     

怎样应用切点弦方程解题

我们知道,如果Ｐ（ｘ０,ｙ０）是椭圆ｘ２ａ２＋ｙ２ｂ２＝１上的任一点,则过Ｐ点的该椭圆的切线方程为ｘ０ｘａ２＋ｙ０ｙｂ２＝１．如果Ｐ点不在椭圆上,那么方程ｘ０ｘａ２＋ｙ０ｙｂ２＝１表示什么呢？这正是本文要介绍的切点弦方程．１　切点弦方程的概念在圆锥曲线外一点引圆锥曲线的两条切线,过这两切点的弦称为圆锥曲线的切点弦．在解析几何中,切点弦方程的巧妙推导给解题引进了一种新的方法．图１２　切点弦方程的推导设椭圆方程为ｘ２ａ２＋ｙ２ｂ２＝１,过椭圆外一点Ｐ（ｘ０,ｙ０）作这椭圆的切线,切点为Ａ、Ｂ,求过Ａ…     

ON THE NON-EXISTENCE OF LIMIT CYCLES OF CERTAIN QUADRATIC SYSTEMS

§１．Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｘ＝－ｙ＋δｘ＋ｌｘ２＋ｎｙ２＝Ｐ（ｘ，ｙ），ｙ＝ｘ（１＋ａｘ－ｙ）＝Ｑ（ｘ，ｙ），｛（１．１）ｗｅｃａｎｆｉｎｄｉｎ［１］ｔｈｅｆｏｌｏｗｉｎｇ：ＣｏｎｊｅｃｔｕｒｅＩ．Ａｓｓｕｍｅ１ａ＜０，ｎ＞１，ｎ＋ｌ＞０，ｎａ２...     

一类解几问题的“叠加造圆”解法

《平面解析几何》课本Ｐ７０第３题是这样一道习题：已知一个圆的直径端点是Ａ（ｘ１,ｙ１）,Ｂ（ｘ２,ｙ２）．证明圆的方程是（ｘ－ｘ１）（ｘ－ｘ２）＋（ｙ－ｙ１）（ｙ－ｙ２）＝０．这里证明从略．现将圆的方程变形为,ｘ２－（ｘ１＋ｘ２）ｘ＋ｘ１ｘ２＋ｙ２－（ｙ１＋ｙ２）ｙ＋ｙ１ｙ２＝０．式中的一次项及常数项明确显露出韦达定理特征,据此着眼,对于某些直线与曲线相交问题,可将直线方程代入曲线方程分别得出关于ｘ及ｙ的一元二次方程．直接叠加即得以直线被曲线所截弦长为直径的圆的方程．以抛物线为例,有如下命题：设…     

1999年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 数学(文史类)

（１）—（５）,（７）（９）—（１２）,（１４）—（１８）分别与理科试题相同,（２２）与理科（２１）题相同,（２３）与理科（２２）题相同,与理科不相同的试题如下：（６）曲线ｘ２＋ｙ２＋２２ｘ－２２ｙ＝０关于（Ａ）直线ｘ＝２轴对称（Ｂ）直线ｙ＝－ｘ轴对称（Ｃ）点（－２,２）中心对称（Ｄ）点（－２,０）中心对称（８）若（２ｘ＋３）３＝ａ０＋ａ１ｘ＋ａ２ｘ２＋ａ３ｘ３,则（ａ０＋ａ２）２－（ａ１＋ａ３）２的值为（Ａ）－１　（Ｂ）１　（Ｃ）０　（Ｄ）２（１３）给出下列曲线：①４ｘ＋２ｙ－１＝０　　②ｘ２…     

BMO ESTIMATES FOR MULTILINEAR FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS

In this paper,the authors prove that the multilinear fractional integral operator T A 1,A 2 ,α and the relevant maximal operator M A 1,A 2 ,α with rough kernel are both bounded from L p (1 p ∞) to L q and from L p to L n/(n α),∞ with power weight,respectively,where T A 1,A 2 ,α (f)(x)=R n R m 1 (A 1 ;x,y)R m 2 (A 2 ;x,y) | x y | n α +m 1 +m 2 2 (x y) f (y)dy and M A 1,A 2 ,α (f)(x)=sup r0 1 r n α +m 1 +m 2 2 | x y | r 2 ∏ i=1 R m i (A i ;x,y)(x y) f (y) | dy,and 0 α n, ∈ L s (S n 1) (s ≥ 1) is a homogeneous function of degree zero in R n,A i is a function defined on R n and R m i (A i ;x,y) denotes the m i t h remainder of Taylor series of A i at x about y.More precisely,R m i (A i ;x,y)=A i (x) ∑ | γ | m i 1 γ ! D γ A i (y)(x y) r,where D γ (A i) ∈ BMO(R n) for | γ |=m i 1(m i 1),i=1,2.     

具有“积分小”系数的中立型方程的振动性

讨论了中立型方程d/(dt)[x(t) - R(t)x(t - r)] + P(t)x(t - τ) - Q(t)x(t - δ) = 0,的振动性,其中P,Q,R∈C（[t₀,∞), R⁺）,r,τ,δ∈（0,∞）,得到若干新结果。     

某些二阶系统正解的存在性

考察如下边值问题正解的存在性x″(t) λa(t) f (x(t) ,y(t) ) =0y″(t) λb(t) g(x(t) ,y(t) ) =0x(0 ) =x(1 ) =y(0 ) =y(1 ) =0其中 f ,g:R × R R ;a,b:[0 ,1 ] R .所有的函数都被假定是连续的 ,此外 f ,g满足某些增长性条件 .本文得到了一些正解的存在性结果 .     

广义线性McCoy环

称环R是右线性McCoy的,如果R[x]中非零线性多项式f（x）,g（x）满足I（x）g（x）=0,则存在非零元素r∈R使得f（x）r=0．设a是环R的自同态,通过用斜多项式环R[x;a]中的元素代替一般多项式环R[x]中的元素而引入a-线性McCoy环的概念．讨论了a-线性McCoy环的基本性质和扩张性质．     

Uniform meyer solution to the three dimensional cauchy problem for laplace equation

We consider the three dimensional Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation uxx(x,y,z)+ uyy(x,y,z)+ uzz(x,y,z) = 0, x ∈ R,y ∈ R,0 z ≤ 1, u(x,y,0) = g(x,y), x ∈ R,y ∈ R, uz(x,y,0) = 0, x ∈ R,y ∈ R, where the data is given at z = 0 and a solution is sought in the region x,y ∈ R,0 z 1. The problem is ill-posed, the solution (if it exists) doesn't depend continuously on the initial data. Using Galerkin method and Meyer wavelets, we get the uniform stable wavelet approximate solution. Furthermore, we shall give a recipe for choosing the coarse level resolution.     

Positive periodic solutions for a nonlinear differential system with two parameters

In this article, we investigate a nonlinear system of differential equations with two parameters $$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} x""(t)=a(t)x(t)-\lambda f(t, x(t), y(t)),\y""(t)=-b(t)y(t)+\mu g(t, x(t), y(t)),\end{array}\right.$$ where $a,b \in C(\textbf{R},\textbf{R}_+)$ are $\omega-$periodic for some period $\omega > 0$, $a,b \not\equiv 0$, $f,g \in C(\textbf{R} \times \textbf{R}_+ \times \textbf{R}_+ ,\textbf{R}_+)$ are $\omega-$periodic functions in $t$, $\lambda$ and $\mu$ are positive parameters. Based upon a new fixed point theorem, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of positive periodic solutions to this system for any fixed $\lambda,\mu>0$. Finally, we give a simple example to illustrate our main result.     

On a generalization of the Cauchy functional equation

Summary While looking for solutions of some functional equations and systems of functional equations introduced by S. Midura and their generalizations, we came across the problem of solving the equationg(ax + by) = Ag(x) + Bg(y) + L(x, y) (1) in the class of functions mapping a non-empty subsetP of a linear spaceX over a commutative fieldK, satisfying the conditionaP + bP P, into a linear spaceY over a commutative fieldF, whereL: X × X Y is biadditive,a, b K\{0}, andA, B F\{0}. Theorem.Suppose that K is either R or C, F is of characteristic zero, there exist A ₁,A ₂,B ₁,B ₂, F\ {0}with L(ax, y) = A ₁ L(x, y), L(x, ay) = A ₂ L(x, y), L(bx, y) = B ₁ L(x, y), and L(x, by) = B ₂ L(x, y) for x, y X, and P has a non-empty convex and algebraically open subset. Then the functional equation (1)has a solution in the class of functions g: P Y iff the following two conditions hold: L(x, y) = L(y, x) for x, y X, (2)if L 0, then A ₁ =A ₂,B ₁ =B ₂,A = A ₁ ² ,and B = B ₁ ² . (3) Furthermore, if conditions (2)and (3)are valid, then a function g: P Y satisfies the equation (1)iff there exist a y ₀ Y and an additive function h: X Y such that if A + B 1, then y ₀ = 0;h(ax) = Ah(x), h(bx) =Bh(x) for x X; g(x) = h(x) + y ₀ + 1/2A ₁ ^-1 B ₁ ^-1 L(x, x)for x P.     

探讨Pdx+Qdy+Rdz为某函数u(x,y,z)全微分的积分因子

就微分形式P(x,y,z)dx+Q(x,y,z)dy+R(x,y,z)dz为某函数u(x,y,z)的全微分的积分因子进行了探讨,提出了积分因子的必要条件,以及P(x,y,z),Q(x,y,z),R(x,y,z)是齐次函数时,方程Pdx+Qdy+Rdz=0具有积分因子的充分条件进行了初步探讨.     

对一个不等式的一点注记

讨论了不等式bx+y-ax+y/bx-ax≥x+y/x(ab)r/2及其逆成立或不成立的一切情形,其中x,y∈R x≠0 a,b＞0,a≠b.     

Notes on Interpolation. X (Two Boundary Value Problems)

In this paper we use (0, 2) interpolational polynomials to give an approximate solution of the differential equation y(x) + A(x)y(x) = F(x), x I := [-1, 1] j in case when the boundary values are y(-1) = and y(1) = , , R.